CN100379070C - A fuel battery hydrogen gas cyclic utilization device adapting for low-pressure operation - Google Patents
A fuel battery hydrogen gas cyclic utilization device adapting for low-pressure operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100379070C CN100379070C CNB031414788A CN03141478A CN100379070C CN 100379070 C CN100379070 C CN 100379070C CN B031414788 A CNB031414788 A CN B031414788A CN 03141478 A CN03141478 A CN 03141478A CN 100379070 C CN100379070 C CN 100379070C
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a fuel battery hydrogen gas circular utilization device which is suitable for running under the lower pressure, and comprises a hydrogen gas storage tank, a hydrogen gas regulating valve, a fuel battery pile, a hydrogen gas pressure gauge, a water-hydrogen separator and a pipeline blower fan, wherein the hydrogen gas storage tank is connected with a hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel battery pile by the hydrogen gas regulating valve; the pressure gauge is arranged at a hydrogen gas inlet and outlet of the fuel battery pile; an inlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected with a hydrogen gas outlet of the fuel battery pile; an outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected with an inlet of the pipeline blower fan; an outlet of the pipeline blower fan is connected with the hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel battery pile; the pressure difference of the hydrogen gas inlet and the hydrogen gas outlet of the fuel battery pile is small. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, lower energy consumption, high safety, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the servicing unit of fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of recycling device of fuel cell hydrogen of suitable low pressure operation.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product.The internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly are called for short MEA), and membrane electrode (MEA) is made up of as carbon paper a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder.The catalyst that contains the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion on two boundary faces of film and carbon paper is as the metal platinum catalyst.The membrane electrode both sides can electrochemistry will take place with conductive body to be sent out and answers the electronics that generates in the process, draws by external circuit, constitutes current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and electrochemical reaction takes place on catalyst surface, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (as oxygen), as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper), and the generation electrochemical reaction obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion by infiltration.The cation of coming in the anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Adopting hydrogen is fuel, and the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is an oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane helps the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, proton exchange membrane is separated the air-flow and the oxygen containing air-flow of hydrogen fuel, they can not mixed mutually and produces explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics on catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be expressed in order to following equation:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every guide plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can above metal material pole plate, also can be the pole plate of graphite material.Water conservancy diversion duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant the anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides respectively.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the baffler of anode fuel and the baffler of cathode oxidant.These bafflers are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the baffler acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of anode, cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation process.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells can be connected into battery pack or be unified into battery pack by the mode that tiles usually by straight folded mode.In straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, and wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together by certain way and forms a battery pack.Battery pack tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar usually and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas that obtains as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably after reforming; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water) are evenly distributed to cooling fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, and the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated is also taken battery pack out of and dispelled the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when discharging, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of steam state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells can be used as the dynamical system of delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as portable, portable and fixed Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) again.
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is a fuel with pure hydrogen as the dynamical system of delivery vehicle generally during as the power station, is oxidant with the air.When fuel cell is in the running status discharge, generally all is accompanied by a large amount of product waters and generates.The product water that generates can occur in the cathodic region of fuel cell, also can occur in the anode region of fuel cell.For normal operation and the performance that guarantees fuel cell do not descend, often need the water that fuel battery inside generates to be taken out of with excessive fuel hydrogen, oxidant air, be that fuel cell must need fuel hydrogen, oxidant air to move under the state greater than 1 metering ratio, the water that fuel battery inside carries in excessive like this fuel hydrogen and excessive air portion branch directly is discharged into outside batteries.
Though the water that adopts excessive air to carry the fuel battery inside generation together directly is discharged into the fuel cell outside, be not only safe but also feasible; It is infeasible that but the water that adopts excessive fuel hydrogen to carry the anode of fuel cell district together is discharged into the fuel cell outside, has often wasted valuable fuel hydrogen because do like this, and the direct discharging outward of hydrogen is a danger close.In order both fuel hydrogen to be made full use of, the water that fuel battery inside generates can be taken out of again, generally adopt a kind of hydrogen recycle pump, this hydrogen recycle pump is arranged on the fuel cell hydrogen outlet and loops back between the fuel cell hydrogen inlet.As shown in Figure 1, comprise hydrogen container 1a, hydrogen regulating valve 2a, fuel cell pack 3a, hydrogen pressure gauge P
1a, P
2a, water-hydrogen separator 4a, hydrogen recycle compression pump 5a.
At present, comprise that the designed fuel cell pack of Canadian Ballard Power System Inc. generally moves under pressure.The relative pressure of operation air and hydrogen is generally at one more than the atmospheric pressure; And, the design of fuel cell pack generally also is adapted at operation under the pressure, its main feature is fuel cell inlet air pressure and outlet air pressure, and the pressure differential deltap P between fuel cell import Hydrogen Vapor Pressure and the outlet Hydrogen Vapor Pressure is bigger, greatly between 0.2～0.4 atmospheric pressure.
Fuel cell pack for present this elevated pressures operation, the resistance that need overcome fuel cell pack inside owing to the fluid that advances fuel cell pack has produced bigger import and export fluid pressure differential (Δ P), makes the hydrogen recycle pump produce following characteristics on application requirements:
(1) the hydrogen recycle pump generally is the fluid compression pump of positive displacement, as diaphragm type, and piston type, the hydrogen compression pump of vortex, it is poor that this pump can reach bigger Hydrogen Vapor Pressure at pump intake and discharge opening.
(2) the fluid compression pump of this positive displacement (hectolitre/minute flow in full) when the hydrogen of the big flow of circulation needs to consume bigger power.
(3) the fluid compression pump noise of this positive displacement is bigger, and is difficult for sealing, is easy to generate hydrogen gas leakage.
In addition, a kind of technology that the hydrogen recycle that fuel cell pack is discharged can be returned is U.S. Pat Patent5441821 (nineteen ninety-five), and this patented technology has adopted a kind of technology of launching pump, as shown in Figure 2.This launch pump at gases at high pressure (hydrogen) fast when launching the slype of pump, can produce certain vacuum attraction, thereby unnecessary hydrogen is sucked back from the fuel cell pack outlet.But adopt this technology that following shortcoming is arranged:
(1) it is very high to launch the processing request of pump, and the launching pump and can only under special operating conditions, work of every kind of processing, lack automatically and change, for example: under the constant situation of the aero operating pressure that launches the pump front end, certain flow enters the circulating hydrogen that returns that fuel cell pack can only suck back certain flow.When entering the changes in flow rate of fuel cell or static when mobile, launch pump and just lack the oneself and change function.As shown in Figure 2, comprise hydrogen container 1b, fuel cell pack 3b, water-hydrogen separator 4b, pressure gauge P
b, launch pump 6b, hydrogen outlet 7b, water tank 8b, pump 9b, air 10b, water-gas separating device 11b.
(2) this pump that launches can only the hydrogen that returns of certain flow just can occur sucking back when gases at high pressure flow fast, so also only be suitable for the fuel cell of high-voltage operation.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the recycling device of fuel cell hydrogen that a kind of simple in structure, suitable low pressure operation that energy consumption is lower is provided in order to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists.
Purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: the recycling device of a kind of fuel cell hydrogen of suitable low pressure operation, comprise hydrogen container, hydrogen regulating valve, fuel cell pack, hydrogen pressure gauge, water-hydrogen separator, the hydrogen recycle conveyer, described hydrogen container is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack by hydrogen regulating valve, described pressure gauge is located at the hydrogen import and export of fuel cell pack, the import of described water-hydrogen separator is connected with the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell pack, its outlet is connected with the import of hydrogen recycle conveyer, the outlet of described hydrogen recycle conveyer is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack, it is characterized in that, the hydrogen inlet pressure and the outlet pressure difference of described fuel cell pack are very little, and described hydrogen recycle conveyer is the pipeline blower fan.
The hydrogen inlet pressure of described fuel cell pack and outlet pressure difference are less than 3/14 atmospheric pressure.
The impeller of described pipeline blower fan and housing are one independently, and contactless friction does not have and leaks.
Described impeller and housing adopt engineering plastics, pottery or stainless steel material.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) utilizes the pipeline blower fan to realize hydrogen recycle, utilized it to have the advantages that running noises is low, operating pressure is low.
(2) hydrogen sealing also can be used the magnetic drive impeller mainly in bearing seal, and like this, whole wind casing and impeller just become independently one, and hydrogen sealing is safety, simple just.
(3) because hydrogen advances fuel cell pressure and to go out fuel cell outlet pressure reduction very little, and operating pressure own is also low, adopts the pipeline blower fan hydrogen recycle of big flow can be returned, power consumption is very little again simultaneously.
(4) the contactless friction of draught fan impeller and housing, generally, cheap by making such as engineering plastic materials, ceramic material, stainless steels.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the prior art constructions schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is another prior art constructions schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, the recycling device of a kind of fuel cell hydrogen of suitable low pressure operation comprises hydrogen container 1, hydrogen regulating valve 2, fuel cell pack 3, hydrogen pressure gauge P
1, P
2, water-hydrogen separator 4, pipeline blower fan 5, described hydrogen container 1 is connected described pressure gauge P by hydrogen regulating valve 2 with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack 3
1, P
2Be located at the hydrogen import and export of fuel cell pack 3 respectively, the import of described water-hydrogen separator 4 is connected with the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell pack 3, its outlet is connected with the import of pipeline blower fan 5, and the outlet of described pipeline blower fan 5 is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack 3.
The present invention changes the flow field of hydrogen, air flow guide polar plate in the fuel cell pack engineering design, make hydrogen, air flow resistance in the process of the flow field of the guide plate of flowing through very little, approximately less than 3/14 atmospheric pressure.Guaranteeing that fuel cell piles up under very little hydrogen, the air pressure moves, even is moving near under the normal pressure.Like this, fuel cell pack hydrogen inlet pressure and hydrogen outlet pressure differential just can very little (less than 3/14 atmospheric pressure).Hydrogen recycle use device in this case can use the pipeline type blower fan, and this pipeline type blower fan is not the fluid compressing device of positive displacement, but a kind ofly drives rapid flow of fluid such as hydrogen and reach the device of compression effectiveness by atwirl impeller.
Claims (3)
1. the recycling device of the fuel cell hydrogen of a suitable low pressure operation, comprise hydrogen container, hydrogen regulating valve, fuel cell pack, hydrogen pressure gauge, water-hydrogen separator, the hydrogen recycle conveyer, described hydrogen container is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack by hydrogen regulating valve, described pressure gauge is located at the hydrogen import and export of fuel cell pack, the import of described water-hydrogen separator is connected with the hydrogen outlet of fuel cell pack, its outlet is connected with the import of hydrogen recycle conveyer, the outlet of described hydrogen recycle conveyer is connected with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pack, it is characterized in that, the hydrogen inlet pressure and the outlet pressure difference of described fuel cell pack are very little, and described hydrogen recycle conveyer is the pipeline blower fan; The hydrogen inlet pressure of described fuel cell pack and outlet pressure difference are less than 1/14 atmospheric pressure.
2. the recycling device of the fuel cell hydrogen of suitable low pressure operation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the impeller of described pipeline blower fan and housing are one independently, contactless friction.
3. the recycling device of the fuel cell hydrogen of suitable low pressure operation according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described impeller and housing adopt engineering plastics, pottery or stainless steel material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031414788A CN100379070C (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | A fuel battery hydrogen gas cyclic utilization device adapting for low-pressure operation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031414788A CN100379070C (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | A fuel battery hydrogen gas cyclic utilization device adapting for low-pressure operation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1567635A CN1567635A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN100379070C true CN100379070C (en) | 2008-04-02 |
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ID=34470927
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031414788A Expired - Lifetime CN100379070C (en) | 2003-07-09 | 2003-07-09 | A fuel battery hydrogen gas cyclic utilization device adapting for low-pressure operation |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007043846A (en) | 2005-08-04 | 2007-02-15 | Toyota Motor Corp | Moving body |
| CN100347894C (en) * | 2005-11-18 | 2007-11-07 | 华南理工大学 | Non-power consumption hydrogen gas circulating method for fuel cell and its device |
| JP5289733B2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2013-09-11 | オリンパスイメージング株式会社 | Portable terminal device using fuel cell and fuel cell system for portable terminal device |
| CN101887981B (en) * | 2009-05-13 | 2012-10-10 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Hydrogen closed circulation system used for fuel cell |
| CN102130346A (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2011-07-20 | 扬光绿能股份有限公司 | Excessive hydrogen depletion unit, fuel cell unit and fuel cell system |
| CN104049212A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 北京航天动力研究所 | Low-pressure work performance test system for hydrogen-air fuel cell |
| CN104716366B (en) * | 2013-12-15 | 2017-07-07 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of micro fuel cell system gas-liquid separator |
| WO2016170297A1 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-10-27 | Lg Fuel Cell Systems Inc. | Modular fuel cell system |
| CN114199498B (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2024-01-30 | 上海凌逐新能源科技有限公司 | Hydrogen separator for environmental chamber of wind tunnel type fuel cell |
| CN114659025A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 海南天宇科技集团有限公司 | Hydrogen cylinder module with low-pressure alloy hydrogen storage bottle matched with medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5441821A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1995-08-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell system with a regulated vacuum ejector for recirculation of the fluid fuel stream |
| WO2001097311A2 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-20 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Water recovery on the anode side of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN2543217Y (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-04-02 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Enetgy-saving efficient fan capable of transfering air to fuel cell |
| CN2558093Y (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2003-06-25 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Air conveyer capable of raising fuel cell running efficiency |
| CN2667677Y (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2004-12-29 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell hydrogen circulation utilizing device adapted to low-voltage operation |
-
2003
- 2003-07-09 CN CNB031414788A patent/CN100379070C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5441821A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1995-08-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Electrochemical fuel cell system with a regulated vacuum ejector for recirculation of the fluid fuel stream |
| WO2001097311A2 (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-20 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Water recovery on the anode side of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
| CN2543217Y (en) * | 2002-04-29 | 2003-04-02 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Enetgy-saving efficient fan capable of transfering air to fuel cell |
| CN2558093Y (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2003-06-25 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Air conveyer capable of raising fuel cell running efficiency |
| CN2667677Y (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2004-12-29 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell hydrogen circulation utilizing device adapted to low-voltage operation |
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|---|---|
| CN1567635A (en) | 2005-01-19 |
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Owner name: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. STATE GRID CO Effective date: 20121221 Owner name: SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANGHAI SHEN-LI HIGH TECH CO., LTD. Effective date: 20121221 |
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Free format text: CORRECT: ADDRESS; FROM: 201400 FENGXIAN, SHANGHAI TO: 200122 PUDONG NEW AREA, SHANGHAI |
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Effective date of registration: 20121221 Address after: 200122 Shanghai City, Pudong New Area source deep road, No. 1122 Patentee after: SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL ELECTRIC POWER Co. Patentee after: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: State Grid Corporation of China Address before: 201400, 10, Pu Pu Industrial Zone, Shanghai, No. 111, Pu Pu Avenue Patentee before: Shanghai Shenli Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20080402 |