CN100361580C - 油菜田除草组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：含有草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份。本发明草除灵与烯草酮两者相混具有加成作用，杀虫谱扩大，既能有效防除早熟禾、硬草等单子叶杂草，又能同时防除牛繁缕、猪殃殃等双子叶杂草，而且可以节约成本、节省人工，彻底解决了油菜田化学除草中不能同时防除单、双子叶杂草的问题，可起到事半功倍的效果。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种除草剂。
背景技术：
草除灵(benazolin-ethyl)，化学结构式：
草除灵是一种选择性芽后茎叶处理剂，可防除繁缕、牛繁缕、雀舌草、苋、猪殃殃等一年生双子叶杂草，对油菜、麦类等作物安全，适用于油菜、麦类等作物田防除双子叶杂草，但该除草剂对硬草、早熟禾等单子叶杂草无效，不能单独用于防除混生单、双子叶杂草的油菜田。
烯草酮(clethodim)，化学结构式：
烯草酮是内吸传导性茎叶处理除草剂，对单子叶杂草具有很强的杀伤作用，可防除早熟禾、硬草、看麦娘等多种一年生单子叶杂草，对双子叶作物安全。适用于油菜、花生等多种双子叶作物田防除上述杂草，但该除草剂对牛繁缕、猪殃殃、荠菜等双子叶杂草无效，不能单独用于防除单、双子叶杂草混生的油菜田。
油菜田大多混生着多种单子叶和双子叶杂草。在水茬油菜田中，以单子叶杂草为主；而在旱茬油菜田中，则以双子叶杂草为主。由于连年使用单一品种的除草剂，油菜田的草相发生了显著变化，如在水茬油菜田中，单子叶杂草已由硬草为优势种演变为以早熟禾为优势种，而早熟禾的耐药性强，目前只有烯草酮对其有活性。现有的油菜田除草剂中，缺少同时有效地防除单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草的单剂品种和复配剂品种，在复配剂中，只有少数几个能同时防除硬草等单子叶杂草和牛繁缕等双子叶杂草，但对早熟禾则无能为力。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于提供一种能同时防除油菜田单子叶杂草和双子叶杂草，防除效果好的油菜田除草组合物。
本发明的技术解决方案是：
一种油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：含有草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份。
草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为1～10∶1。草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为3～5∶1。草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为3.8∶1。还含有制成乳油、悬浮剂或可湿性粉剂的辅助剂，草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份之和占组合物总重量的5～60％。草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份之和占制剂总重量的15～25％。
本发明在制成乳油、悬浮剂或可湿性粉剂时采用的辅助剂是常规本技术领域普通技术人员公知的辅助剂，例如可以是：
制成悬浮剂的辅助剂包括分散剂、润湿剂。制成悬浮剂的辅助剂还包括增稠剂、悬浮稳定剂、消泡剂、PH调整剂、防冻剂中的一种或几种。制成可湿性粉剂的辅助剂包括分散剂、润湿剂、载体。制成可湿性粉剂的辅助剂还包括渗透剂、稳定剂、展着剂、抑泡剂、防结块剂中的一种或几种。
悬浮剂采用的分散剂和湿润剂有阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂，包括木质素磺酸盐、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基醚、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯基醚、月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠、烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐、聚合的烷基芳基磺酸盐、聚磷酸盐、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物磷酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磷酸盐(酯)、丁二酸、酯磺酸盐、NNO等。
增稠剂和悬浮稳定剂主要有黄酸原胶、羧甲基纤维素、聚丙烯酸钠、气态二氧化硅和硅酸铝镁等。
悬浮剂中组分配比的需要还可加入消泡剂、PH调整剂和防冻剂等。消泡剂有有机硅酮类、C8～C10的脂肪醇、C10～C20饱和脂肪族羧酸及其酯类、酯-醚型化合物等。PH调整剂有醋酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化胺和胺盐及三乙醇胺等。防冻剂有乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油等。
可湿性粉剂可采用的分散剂和湿润剂有阴离子型和非离子表面活性剂，包括茶枯、皂角、亚硫酸纸浆废液干固物、洗衣粉、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基醚、烷基酚聚氧乙基醚、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯基醚(硫酸钠)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基萘甲醛缩合物磺酸盐、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物磺酸盐、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚甲醛缩合物、木质素及其衍生物磺酸盐、聚磷酸盐、脂肪醇环氧乙烷加成物磷酸盐、丁二酸、酯磺酸盐、SOPA系列、WPA系列、NO等。
可湿性粉剂的载体是矿物惰性载体，如高岭土、膨润土、陶土等。根据需要，可湿性粉剂中还可加入渗透剂、展着剂、稳定剂、抑泡剂、防结块剂等。渗透剂可以是润湿渗透剂T、润湿渗透剂JFC等；展着剂可以是肥皂、洗衣粉、油酸钠、聚乙烯醇等；抑泡剂可以是硅酮类、C8～C10的脂肪醇、环氧乙烷等；防结块剂可以是白碳黑等。
本发明草除灵与烯草酮两者相混具有加成作用，杀虫谱扩大，既能有效防除早熟禾、硬草等单子叶杂草，又能同时防除牛繁缕、猪殃殃等双子叶杂草，而且可以节约成本、节省人工，彻底解决了油菜田化学除草中不能同时防除单、双子叶杂草的问题，可起到事半功倍的效果。
下面的实验数据也证明了本发明的优异效果：
表1：用本发明药后50天对早熟禾的生育抑制率
| 处理g(ai)/hm2 | 烯草酮40％EC | ||||||
| 0 | 18 | 36 | 54 | 72 | 90 | ||
| 草除灵50％SC | 0 | 0 | 64.6 | 83.4 | 90.3 | 96.9 | 98.8 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 75 | 2.6 | 71.7 | 86.2 | 89.5 | 97.2 | 99.2 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 150 | 4.2 | 72.6 | 86.5 | 91.1 | 97.7 | 99.5 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 225 | 5.7 | 73.8 | 87.7 | 91.8 | 98.0 | 99.5 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 300 | 7.7 | 75.4 | 88.0 | 92.3 | 98.5 | 99.2 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 375 | 10.8 | 75.7 | 88.8 | 92.6 | 98.8 | 99.5 |
表2：用本发明药后20天对雀舌草的生育抑制率
| 处理g(ai)/hm2 | 烯草酮40％EC | ||||||
| 0 | 18 | 36 | 54 | 72 | 90 | ||
| 草除灵50％SC | 0 | 0 | 10.2 | 12.5 | 14.3 | 16.3 | 17.0 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 75 | 60.9 | 62.0 | 63.2 | 64.4 | 63.8 | 63.7 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 150 | 84.9 | 86.1 | 86.3 | 86.4 | 87.1 | 87.8 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 225 | 92.4 | 92.7 | 92.4 | 92.7 | 93.4 | 93.8 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 300 | 96.7 | 96.8 | 96.6 | 97.0 | 97.1 | 97.2 |
| 草除灵50％SC | 375 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
上述实验结果显示：烯草酮与草除灵混配对早熟禾和雀舌草具有明显的加成作用，当草除灵∶烯草酮为3.8∶1时，对早熟禾和雀舌草的防效可同时达到90％的防效。
表3显示的是用12％烯草酮与30％草除灵田间小区配方试验结果。试验田单子叶杂草以牛繁缕为优势种，混生少量硬草和看麦娘；双子叶杂草以牛繁缕为优势种，混生少量荠菜、大巢菜和毛茛等：
| 效果评价内容 | 杂草总体防除效果 | 商品剂量(ml/亩) | 有效剂量(g/亩) | ||
| 烯草酮 | 草除灵 | 烯草酮 | 草除灵 | ||
| 药后45天株防效 | 94.84 | 41.46 | 38.46 | 4.98 | 11.54 |
| 药后120天株防效 | 93.08 | 42.21 | 35.89 | 5.07 | 10.77 |
| 药后120天鲜重防效 | 93.56 | 39.63 | 36.48 | 4.76 | 10.94 |
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1.
取草除灵10％、烯草酮5％，5％月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠，加水至100％，按常规制取悬浮剂的方法制得悬浮剂。(本实施例中还可以用其他常规制得悬浮剂的辅助剂来代替月桂醇聚氧乙烯基醚硫酸钠)。
实施例2：
取草除灵3.8％、烯草酮1％，1％茶枯、1％渗透剂JFC、1％白碳黑、高岭土加足至100％，按常规制取可湿性粉剂的方法剂的方法制得可湿性粉剂。(本实施例中还可以用其他常规制得可湿性粉剂的辅助剂来代替上述辅助剂)。
实施例3：
取草除灵20％、烯草酮5％，1％茶枯、1％渗透剂JFC、1％白碳黑、高岭土加足至100％，按常规制取可湿性粉剂的方法剂的方法制得可湿性粉剂。(本实施例中还可以用其他常规制得可湿性粉剂的辅助剂来代替上述辅助剂)。
实施例4：
取草除灵50％、烯草酮5％，20％脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基醚、0.2％黄酸原胶、0.02％有机硅消泡剂，加水至100％，按常规制取悬浮剂的方法制得悬浮剂。(本实施例中还可以用其他常规制得悬浮剂的辅助剂来代替上述辅助剂)。
Claims (5)
1.一种油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：含有草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份，且草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为1～10∶1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为3～5∶1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：草除灵与烯草酮的重量比为3.8∶1。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：还含有制成乳油、悬浮剂或可湿性粉剂的辅助剂，草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份之和占组合物总重量的5～60％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的油菜田除草组合物，其特征是：草除灵和烯草酮两种活性成份之和占制剂总重量的15～25％。
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| CN1243668A (zh) * | 1999-07-23 | 2000-02-09 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 草除灵、精喹禾灵、胺苯磺隆混剂及其制造方法 |
| WO2000027203A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-18 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Herbicidal composition |
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| CN1243668A (zh) * | 1999-07-23 | 2000-02-09 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | 草除灵、精喹禾灵、胺苯磺隆混剂及其制造方法 |
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