CN100346084C - 球笼式活节 - Google Patents

球笼式活节 Download PDF

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CN100346084C
CN100346084C CNB038243156A CN03824315A CN100346084C CN 100346084 C CN100346084 C CN 100346084C CN B038243156 A CNB038243156 A CN B038243156A CN 03824315 A CN03824315 A CN 03824315A CN 100346084 C CN100346084 C CN 100346084C
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raceway groove
inner ring
movable joint
operation raceway
type movable
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CN1688828A (zh
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W·雅各布
M·D·雅各布
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Shaft Form Engineering GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22306Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts having counter tracks, i.e. ball track surfaces which diverge in opposite directions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/20Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
    • F16D3/22Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
    • F16D3/223Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
    • F16D2003/22313Details of the inner part of the core or means for attachment of the core on the shaft
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12Mounting or assembling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S464/00Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
    • Y10S464/904Homokinetic coupling
    • Y10S464/906Torque transmitted via radially spaced balls

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种球笼式活节(1),它具有一内圈(4)、一圈(7)和一在所述内圈和外圈之间被引导向的保持架(5),所述保持架在径向的窗口(8)中保持多个滚珠(6)。应该这样使球笼形活节(1)的安装变得容易,即所述内圈(4)由一第一元件(10a、10b)和一第二元件(11a、11b)形成,所述元件基本上前后顺序地位于内圈轴线(4)上。

Description

球笼式活节
技术领域
本发明涉及一球笼式活节/对置滚道式活节(Gegenbahngelenk),它用作同步式活节,例如用作转向(器)活节或用于连接在机动车辆的纵轴上。
背景技术
例如由DE 199905451 C2已知的这种球笼式活节具有一内圈和一外圈,在所述内圈和外圈之间引导一基本上为环形的保持架。在内圈和外圈上都分别加工出成对地彼此相配的运行沟道,在运行沟道中可移动地保持接纳在保持架中的滚珠。这里,内圈和外圈的彼此相配的运行沟道对的滚道底部交替地从球笼式活节的第一端出发朝第二端的方向和从第二端出发朝第一端的方向彼此靠近。
在所述已知的球笼式同步活节中,滚珠单个地手工装入保持架和运行沟道对中。这是特别费时的,从而会对活节的制造的经济性起不利的作用。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,提供一种开头所述类型的球笼式活节,所述活节可以较快地和较简单地并因而还可以较经济地安装。
根据本发明这样来实现所述目的,即内圈包括至少两个互相连接的基本上前后顺序地位于内圈轴线上的元件。其中,所述元件中的第一元件具有内圈的第一内运行沟道,而第二元件则携带内圈的第二内运行沟道。这样在安装球笼式活节时保持架可直接装入外圈中,其中已经可每隔一个滚珠将一个滚珠接纳在保持架中。此后可将其余的滚珠从内侧装入保持架和外圈的运行沟道中。然后将所述共同形成内圈的两个元件从球笼式活节的两个相对的端部插入装有滚珠的保持架中并将其彼此连接。由此已经可以将一半的滚珠连同保持架一起装入外圈中。此外,为了将其余的滚珠导入保持架中,不必如迄今为止所需要的那样,为了每个滚珠而在外圈内将保持架移入一合适的装入位置。这样球笼式活节的安装将明显地变得容易。
所述共同形成内圈的两个元件最好分别设计成具有爪形地彼此接合的突起和凹部,从而所述两个元件沿切向形锁合地相互贴合。借助外圈与内圈之间的滚珠传递的转矩通过形锁合地相互贴合的所述元件全部传至内圈或从内圈导出。
为了保证两个形成内圈的元件沿轴向也良好地连接,可以将所述元件彼此螺纹连接在一起。为此,例如形成内圈的元件中的一个可设有一中部的通孔,而另一个元件则具有一与所述通孔同轴的螺纹孔。
如果形成内圈的两个元件基本是无屑加工的实心成形件,则可以以特别高的精度制造所述元件。所述两个元件的运行沟道和相互贴合的突起和凹部可以例如通过冲压过程以高精度和均匀的质量制成。不过,也可以在切削加工步骤中进行个别的加工步骤,例如设置用于将两个元件彼此连接在一起的通孔和螺纹孔的步骤。
用于拼合成内圈的两个元件之一最好是一轴的端部或一轴颈的端部。这样就可以使按照本发明的球笼式活节在轴或类似物上的连接变得容易。
除此以外另一种可选方案是,将所述元件中的一个与一套筒一体地形成,所述套筒具有一用于与轴端或轴颈连接的内成型部。
为了便于将保持架装入外圈中,外圈与内圈中的运行沟道数目最好分别为四的整数倍。因此,在球笼式活节的这种构形中,运行沟道总是彼此相对,所述运行沟道的滚道底部沿球笼式活节的同一端部的方向逐渐靠近活节中轴线。
附图说明
下面根据实施例并参考附图更详细地说明本发明。
在图中:
图1示出按照第一实施形式的球笼式活节的剖视图,
图2示出II-II线上的按图1的球笼式活节的内圈的剖视图,
图3示出III-III线上的按图2的内圈的一个元件的剖视图,
图4示出IV-IV线上的按图2的内圈的一个元件的剖视图,
图5示出按照第二实施形式的球笼式活节的剖视图,
图6示出VI-VI线上的按图5的球笼式活节的内圈的剖视图,
图7示出VII-VII线上的按图6的内圈的一个元件的剖视图,和
图8示出VIII-VIII线上的按图6的内圈的一个元件的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1至4中示出的球笼式活节1有一驱动侧的第一端2和从动侧的第二端3,其中,术语“驱动侧”和“从动侧”在此处只是作为示例用于更好地区别两个端部。当然,两个端部2和3同样地适于与驱动端或从动端的构件连接。
球笼式活节1从内向外具有一内圈4、一装有滚珠6的保持架5和一外圈7。这里滚珠6被接纳在保持架5的窗口8中。
在所示的实施形式中内圈4设计成两件式的。在内圈中轴线9上基本上前后顺序地布置一第一元件10a和一第二元件11a。共同形成内圈4的两个元件10a和11a交替地设有突起和凹部,如图2的剖视图所示,所述突起和凹部爪形地彼此接合。此时,两个元件10a和11a的突起沿切向形锁合地相互贴合。在第一元件10a的突起中分别形成一第一内运行沟道12,而在第二元件11a的突起中设有第二内运行沟道13。
此时,第一内运行沟道12无沉割地从驱动侧的端部2出发沿朝从动侧的端部3的方向延伸。此时其滚道底部14逐渐向内圈轴线9靠近。与之不同,元件11a的第二内运行沟道13无沉割地从驱动侧的端部2出发沿朝从动侧的端部3的方向延伸,其中其滚道底部15此时逐渐远离内圈轴线9。
形成内圈4的两个元件10a和11a沿轴向通过借助一螺栓16的螺纹连接相互连接。除两个元件10a和11a通过在内运行沟道12和13的范围内的突起沿切向相互贴合而形成的连接以外,如同图3和图4所示,可设置另外的彼此接合的突起和凹部,以使所述两个元件不可相对转动地连接。在此第一实施形式中,元件11a设有一与其同轴的套筒状的延长部17,所述延长部离开第一元件10a伸出并设有一内成型部以例如与一轴端等形成不可相对转动的连接。
外圈7是一个整体的环形构件,其轴线在球笼式活节1的展开位置与内圈4的内圈轴线9重合。在外圈7的内表面上形成第一和第二外运行沟道18和19,所述运行沟道绕外圈轴线规则地而且交替分布地布置。在球笼式活节1安装成的状态下,内圈4的第一内运行沟道12与外圈7的第一外运行沟道18相对,而第二内运行沟道13与第二外运行沟道19相对,从而分别彼此形成一运行沟道对。
此时外圈7的第一外运行沟道18无沉割地从驱动侧的端部2出发沿朝从动侧端部3的方向延伸,其中其滚道底部20此时逐渐远离外圈轴线。与之不同,第二外运行沟道19无沉割地由从动侧的端部3出发沿朝驱动侧的端部2的方向延伸,其中,其滚道底部21此时逐渐远离外圈轴线。
在图5至8所示的球笼式活节1的第二实施形式中,基本结构与上述的第一实施形式基本上相同。但在按照第二实施形式的球笼式活节1中,在保持架5中只接纳四个滚珠6,而按照第一实施形式在运行沟道对和保持架5中装入了八个滚珠。
因此,按照第一实施形式的球笼式活节适于例如在机动车辆中用作纵轴的活节,而按照第二实施形式的球笼式活节可用作转向轴活节。
此外,特别是如图5和7所示,内圈4形成一轴22的端部。为了连接共同形成内圈4的元件10b和11b,在第一元件10b中设有一用于穿过螺栓16的通孔23,而在内圈4的第二元件11b中加工出一螺栓16可以拧入的螺纹孔24。
现在在下面说明球笼式活节1的安装,在所示的两个实施形式中安装过程是相同的。首先通过使保持架5的轴线基本上垂直于外圈轴线定向,将保持架5装入外圈7中。如果装入内圈4和外圈7的运行沟道中的滚珠6的数目为四的整数倍,则外圈7的一第一外运行沟道18也总是与一第一外运行沟道18相对。两个相对的外运行沟道18或19还以其较大的开口-即运行沟道的滚道底部离外圈最远的端部-指向同一方向。这样保持架5就可以装入外运行沟道对中,并且可以在外圈7中这样摆转,以使保持架的轴线与外圈的轴线基本上完全重合。
在所述位置上,所有的滚珠6都可以从内侧装入保持架5的窗口8和外圈7的运行沟道18和19中。但也可将已带有一部分滚珠6的保持架5装入外圈7中。
当所有滚珠6都装入保持架5和外圈7中时,就可通过将第一元件10a或10b从驱动侧的端部2装入保持架5中而将内圈4装入球笼式活节1中,而第二元件11a或11b从球笼式活节1的从动侧的端部3插入第一元件10a或10b中。两个元件10a、10b或11a、11b的突起此时爪形地彼此接合。为了沿轴向固定两个元件,通过第一元件10a和10b的通孔23插入螺栓16,并将其拧入第二元件11a或11b的螺纹孔24中。
可这样将两个元件10a、10b和11a、11b装入球笼式活节1中,即让内运行沟道12和13以其最大的开口-即滚道底部最靠近圈轴线9的端部指向不同的方向。这样,就可以可靠地将滚珠6导入内运行沟道12或13中。
                  参考标号表
1         球笼式活节
2         驱动侧的端部
3         从动侧的端部
4         内圈
5         保持架
6         滚珠
7         外圈
8         保持架窗口
9         内圈轴线
10a、10b  内圈4的第一元件
11a、11b  内圈4的第二元件
12        第一内运行沟道
13        第二内运行沟道
14        第一内运行沟道12的滚道底部
15        第二内运行沟道13的滚道底部
16        螺栓
17        套筒
18        第一外运行沟道
19        第二外运行沟道
20        第一外运行沟道18的滚道底部
21        第二外运行沟道19的滚道底部
22        轴端
23        通孔
24        螺纹孔

Claims (7)

1.球笼式活节,具有一驱动侧的端部(2)和一从动侧的端部(3),所述活节包括:
-一内圈(4),所述内圈具有一内圈轴线(9)和一外表面,在所述内圈中第一内运行沟道(12)和第二内运行沟道(13)绕所述内圈轴线(9)交替分布地布置,其中所述第一内运行沟道(12)从所述驱动侧的端部(2)出发沿朝从动侧的端部(3)的方向延伸,并且此时所述第一内运行沟道的滚道底部(14)逐渐靠近所述内圈轴线(9),而所述第二内运行沟道(13)从所述从动侧的端部(3)出发沿朝驱动侧的端部(2)的方向延伸,并且所述第二运行沟道的滚道底部(15)此时逐渐靠近所述内圈轴线(9),
-一外圈(7),所述外圈具有一外圈轴线和一内表面,在所述外圈中第一外运行沟道(18)和第二外运行沟道(19)绕所述外圈轴线交替分布地布置,并且所述第一内运行沟道(12)分别与第一外运行沟道(18)相对,而第二内运行沟道(13)分别与第二外运行沟道(19)相对,并且所述外运行沟道分别与相对的内运行沟道形成一对,其中所述第一外运行沟道(18)从驱动侧的端部(2)出发沿朝从动侧的端部(3)的方向延伸,并且所述第一外运行沟道的滚道底部(20)此时逐渐远离所述外圈轴线,而所述第二外运行沟道(19)从所述从动侧的端部(3)出发沿朝驱动侧的端部(2)的方向延伸,并且所述第二外运行沟道的滚道底部(21)此时逐渐远离外圈轴线(16),
-一环形保持架(5),所述保持架布置在内圈(4)与外圈(7)之间,并且与所述运行沟道对(12、18;13、19)的数目相对应地具有径向的窗口(8),与运行沟道(12、13、18、19)接合的滚珠(6)在所述窗口中引导,
其特征为:所述内圈(4)至少包括两个彼此连接的元件(10a、10b、11a、11b),所述元件基本上前后顺序地位于内圈轴线(9)上,而且所述两个元件中的一第一元件(10a、10b)具有所述第一内运行沟道(12),而一第二元件(11a、11b)具有所述第二内运行沟道(13)。
2.如权利要求1的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述两个元件(10a、10b、11a、11b)分别具有突起和凹部,所述突起和凹部这样地彼此爪形地接合,以使所述突起和凹部沿切向形锁合地相互贴合。
3.如权利要求1或2的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述两个元件(10a、10b、11a、11b)借助一螺纹连接(16、24)可拆开地彼此连接。
4.如权利要求1或2的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述内圈(4)的所述两个元件(10a、10b、11a、11b)是基本上无屑加工的实心成形件。
5.如权利要求1或2的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述元件(10a、10b、11a、11b)中的一个元件形成一轴(22)的端部或一轴颈的端部。
6.如权利要求1或2的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述元件(10a、10b、11a、11b)中的一个元件与一具有一内成型部的套筒(17)一体地形成。
7.如权利要求1的球笼式活节,其特征为:所述外圈(7)和内圈(4)中的运行沟道(12、13、18、19)的数目为四的整数倍。
CNB038243156A 2002-10-17 2003-07-23 球笼式活节 Expired - Fee Related CN100346084C (zh)

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ITMI20061839A1 (it) * 2005-10-05 2007-04-06 Shaft Form Engineering Gmbh Disposizione di giunto
CN101578458B (zh) * 2006-10-10 2015-01-28 Ifa技术有限责任公司 等速滑动接头
DE102010031841A1 (de) * 2010-07-22 2012-03-29 Neumayer Tekfor Holding Gmbh Innennabe für ein Gelenk, Verfahren und Baukasten zur Herstellung
CN102878217B (zh) * 2012-10-15 2015-06-17 浙江恒友机电有限公司 一种快速装夹结构

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EP1552175A1 (de) 2005-07-13
WO2004036076A1 (de) 2004-04-29
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YU53404A (sh) 2005-09-19
DE10248372B4 (de) 2009-06-25
BR0306591A (pt) 2004-11-30
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BR0306591B1 (pt) 2014-08-05
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ATE320567T1 (de) 2006-04-15

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