CN100338299C - 改善织物抗皱性的复合物和方法,以及具有所述复合物的织物 - Google Patents
改善织物抗皱性的复合物和方法,以及具有所述复合物的织物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种改善织物抗皱性的复合物，它包含：含有至少一种可熔弹性体的减皱剂、用来携带所述减皱剂的液体载体和用来使所述可熔弹性体物理交联的盐组分。本发明还涉及一种具有所述改善抗皱性复合物的织物。本发明进一步涉及一种通过使用这样一种复合物来改善织物的抗皱性的方法。
Description
本发明涉及一种改善织物抗皱性的复合物，它包含含有至少一种可熔弹性体的减皱剂和用来携带所述减皱剂的液体载体。本发明还涉及一种具有所述改善抗皱性复合物的织物。本发明进一步涉及一种通过使用这样一种复合物来改善织物的抗皱性的方法。
抗磨皱性(IWWR)，义如其名，是指某一指定织物(如棉)特别是在该织物的磨损中能够抵抗褶皱形成的性能。IWWR可以通过测量某一指定织物的抗褶皱形成能力来确定。抗皱性通常是由褶皱回复角(WRA)试验来评定的。一种著名的标准试验就是AATCC方法66-1998。这些试验评定设于平坦状态的织物在被折叠、经受一个临时载荷，优选500g的载荷60s、然后释放之后恢复此平坦状态的能力。评定是通过测量某一给定时间(通常为5分钟)之后所恢复的角度(WRA)来进行的。此角度越大，恢复性越好。从经向和纬向两个方向测量该角度并相加给出评定的最终结果。优选的弹性材料的WRA为360度。优选的粘性材料的WRA为0度。
用来减少织物中的皱纹形成的复合物已经有已知的。例如，美国专利US 5,532,023公开了一种可用于织物的减皱组合物。此组合物包含一种分散在液体载体中的减皱剂，它包含有效量的硅树脂和有效量的成膜聚合物。特别是，所公开的组合物适合于给予织物特别是衣物中的纤维以润滑性或提高的滑动能力。纤维之间的这种滑动效果特别是由硅树脂引起的。衣物的变形降低了衣物纤维之间的磨擦，这通常导致纤维上的能量耗散减少和(因此)纤维在原始状态相对较好的和较容易的抗变形(恢复)。不过，降低衣物纤维之间的磨擦同时还会促使衣物褶皱状态的形成。所公开的组合物在衣物中的应用通常会导致直到约200度的WRA。
本发明的一个目的就是提供一种能显著改善织物的抗皱性但并不促使织物褶皱状态形成的改进的复合物。
本发明的此目的是通过起始段所述的复合物来实现的，该复合物的特征在于其还进一步包含用来使所述可熔弹性体物理交联的至少一种盐组分。交联在所述可熔聚合物的分子链之间提供了弹性连结，以防它们不可逆地彼此滑过而导致能量耗散。这种连结为恢复提供了一个额外的能量源。物理交联在可熔弹性体链之间提供了一个相对较强的弹性连结。特别是，盐组分的阳离子在所述可熔弹性体链之间形成中间体。从而，所述盐组分的阳离子与可熔聚合物一起在所述织物的纤维之间提供了一个较强的并具有一定记忆能力的弹性连接，使其在纤维弯曲或折皱之后可以较容易地恢复。根据本发明的复合物的应用通常会导致远高于200度的WRA。所用可熔弹性体可以是例如聚氨酯、聚丁二烯和丙烯酸酯共聚物(例如，丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸的共聚物，优选以80∶20的比率聚合)，只要上述弹性体的所述链可以通过盐组分的阳离子连接即可。用于本发明的复合物中的液体载体优选是一个含水体系。任选地，除水之外，载体可以包括另一种易溶于水的液体溶剂，如醇。
优选盐组分中含有多价阳离子。具有多个正电荷如2+(锌、钙、镁)和3+(铁、铝)的多价阳离子事实上能够交联多个所述弹性体链从而形成所述物理交联。在一优选实施方案中，盐组分中含有下列离子中的至少一种：锌离子、钙离子和硼酸根离子。
盐组分优选在室温下不溶于液体载体，但在相对较高温度下充分溶于用于所述弹性体的物理交联的液体载体。根据本发明的所述减皱剂与所述盐组分的混合通常会对乳化液的稳定性有影响，因为交联(或甚至有时由于盐的加入造成的pH变化)会导致所述复合物的颗粒絮凝，从而从溶液中沉淀析出。此问题可以通过施加不溶性盐组分来解决。如果随后升高复合物的温度，则可熔弹性体熔融且盐组分溶解并最终使所述弹性体的链交联。注意，为使所述弹性体与所述盐组分的离子之间发生反应(物理交联)，必须使所述盐组分离子化，并从而溶解，到足够的程度。
优选根据本发明的复合物包括具有所述盐组分(或者是水溶液或者是固态)的微胶囊。所述微胶囊在室温下通常是稳定的，以防所述盐组分与所述可熔弹性体过早接触。当所述复合物的温度充分升高之后，微胶囊损坏以至于盐组分与所述可熔弹性发生接触。所述微胶囊的损坏可以通过例如熔融、溶化或撕开来实现。
在一优选实施方案中，试剂在液体载体中的含量在2-60wt％之间，优选5-30wt％，更优选基本上为12.5wt％。在这些值处或在这些值之间，可以达到并保持活性组分在液体载体中的良好分散。如果(显著)超过所述的60％的百分数，则通常会获得粘稠的、不可控制的分散体。
在另一优选实施方案中，在有水的存在情况下弹性体的软化温度在50-100℃之间。弹性体在较高温度下的容易软化通常会使具有根据本发明的复合物的织物纱线容易提供。软化的复合物的粘度相对非常低，这意味着只要织物比较热，聚合物就不会干扰例如在烫平所述织物时从织物上除去褶皱。当织物冷却后，根据本发明的复合物凝固，在纱线或单根纤维周围或之间形成弹性膜，从而在处理过的纤维中产生一定程度的弹性。这又反过来大大提高了WRA值。
优选可熔弹性体具有一个或多个有效基团，更优选包含以下基团中的至少一种：羟基和羧基。有效基团可以结合在一个离子上，大部分是阳离子，从而形成一个离子与更多聚合体链的配合体。形成的大分子又称作离子聚合物。对本领域技术人员来说，显而易见，除了上述两个实施例的有效基团之外还可以施加其它有效基团。因此，显然在权利要求的范围之内，也可以选择施加带其它有效基团的弹性体。弹性体的至少两个链与所述盐组分的离子的连结可以在下面两个非限制性实施例中得到说明。
在第一个实施例中，丙烯酸共聚物的两个链通过二价锌离子进行物理交联：
其中R1和R2是上述共聚物分子的链的一部分。在此实施例中，羧基充当物理交联的有效基团。
在第二个实施例中，具有充当有效基团的醇基的(共)聚合物的两个链通过硼酸根离子连结。
其中R3和R4是上述(共)聚合物分子的链的一部分。从而硼酸根离子用作用来物理交联所述两个链的中间体。
在一优选实施方案中，所述盐组分的(阳)离子与可熔弹性体的有效基团的摩尔比大体位于1∶4-1∶6之间，优选1∶5。由于存在与加入的(阳)离子相比稍微过量的聚合物分子，所以1∶5的摩尔比特别适合于二价(阳)离子和所述可熔弹性体。
所述复合物中优选具有添加剂，如表面活性剂、稳定剂、芳香剂、抗菌剂或用来改进织物纤维之间的滑动的有机硅树脂等等，只要所述添加剂不干扰聚合物的主要功能即可。在利用家庭用品如熨斗向织物上施加复合物时，非常适合在根据本发明的复合物中使用添加剂。添加剂也可以在洗涤周期中施加。不过，为防止根据本发明的复合物的过早絮凝，向洗衣机中既加入盐组分又加入可熔弹性体是不可取的。
本发明还涉及一种具有所述改善抗皱性复合物的织物。在一个优选实施方案中，该复合物包含至少一种离子聚合物，该离子聚合物中包含：离子，优选多价阳离子，和所述可熔弹性体，其中所述可熔弹性体的链通过(阳)离子物理交联。如上所述，离子聚合物可以通过升高熔融弹性体的温度来产生。冷却之后，离子聚合物作为弹性物质留在织物中，位于纤维上或特别是纤维之间，产生较高的抗皱性。
本发明进一步涉及一种使用所述改善抗皱性复合物来改善织物的抗皱性的方法，其步骤包括：A)向织物施加所述复合物，B)除去织物中的褶皱，和C)使液体载体至少部分蒸发。施加特别是喷洒到织物上的试剂的量通常优选相对于织物为约0.5wt％到约10wt％，更优选为约2wt％到约5wt％。一旦在织物上喷洒了有效量的复合物，就根据步骤B)用手展开或抚平织物。在向织物施加了有效量的复合物并优选将织物展开之后，使液体特别是水份至少大部分蒸发掉。蒸发可以以被动的方式进行，也可以通过升高织物的温度以主动的方式进行。水份的蒸发通常是恰当的，因为可熔弹性体的颗粒会粘在一起并从而环绕织物纤维和织物纱线形成凝固鞘。此外，水份的蒸发通常还会导致织物纱线之内应力松弛。储能的减少会将织物保持在其设定态，即平坦状态。
优选的是，根据步骤A)的复合物向织物上的施加是借助于家庭用具实现的。这种家庭用具的例子是洗衣机、配有复合物喷雾贮罐的熨斗以及用于根据本发明的复合物的其它喷雾装置。在一更加优选的实施方案中，熨斗上配有两个分离的喷雾储罐。第一储罐中装有盐组分水溶液，第二储罐中装有可熔弹性体的分散体。根据本发明的复合物的两种成分的分离防止了复合物提前絮凝。从而，两种成分在均喷洒在所述织物上之后会彼此接触。根据此实施方案，离子聚合物由此只会形成于织物上。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，根据步骤B)的织物上褶皱的消除是借助于熨斗在比环境温度高的温度下实现的。因此，步骤C)通常是在施加步骤B)期间进行的。由此，升高的温度既会导致所施加的液体的加速蒸发，又会导致可熔弹性体的软化。织物的冷却通常会导致在展开的织物纱线周围形成弹性保护层，其中所述层通过弹性桥接彼此结合在一起。在应用根据本发明所述的方法之后，织物的变形会暂时拉长所述弹性桥接，这在一定时间内会试图使纱线回复其原始的伸展、无褶皱状态。
在一最终优选实施方案中，根据步骤A)的复合物向织物上的施加是通过顺序施加盐组分和减皱剂来实现的。所述复合物的成分向所述织物的顺序添加可以通过例如上述配有两个分离的储罐的熨斗来实现。也可以在洗涤周期中向织物中添加其中一种成分，如盐组分。可熔弹性体可以随后喷洒在具有所述盐的织物上。这是为了防止两种成分在其被施加到织物上之前絮凝(交联)。
本发明可以用以下非限制性实施例进一步进行说明。
实施例
通过稀释至所需的程度，制备聚(丙烯酸丁酯-共-丙烯酸)90∶10在水中的12.5wt％的胶乳溶液(组分A)。制备醋酸锌二水合物(Aldrich)在水中的2％的溶液(组分B)。然后将组分B喷洒在一张织物(407型棉)上，从而使基于织物重量的总吸取量为15％。这导致了基于织物干重的0.3％的添加剂吸收。在空气中干燥之后，用组分A喷洒织物，从而使基于织物重量的总吸取量为40％。由此基于织物重量的聚合物量为5％。锌离子与丙烯酸基团的比率为1∶5(摩尔当量)。然后用设定在适于棉的某一温度的熨斗将织物熨干。在将织物匀湿(conditioning)24小时之后，在经纬两个方向上根据标准AATCC方法66-1998测量指定尺寸(40mm×15mm)的切割件的WRA。将由按上面所述处理过的织物所获得的平均WRA值与在不施加任何添加剂而熨干的织物上进行的WRA测量(参考值)、以及在只施加基于织物重量的5％的聚(丙烯酸丁酯-共-丙烯酸)90∶10之后熨干的织物上所进行的WRA测量进行对比。
所述织物的WRA参考值为140°。所用根据组分A的聚(丙烯酸丁酯-共-丙烯酸)胶乳的最终WRA值为197°。不过，所用聚(丙烯酸丁酯-共-丙烯酸)胶乳与根据组分B的所述锌离子一起使用的最终WRA值为204°。
Claims (18)
1.提高织物抗皱性的复合物，包含：
-含有至少一种可熔弹性体的减皱剂，和
-用来携带所述减皱剂的液体载体，
特征在于所述复合物还进一步包含用来使所述可熔弹性体物理交联的至少一种盐组分。
2.根据权利要求1的复合物，特征在于所述盐组分中含有多价阳离子。
3.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述盐组分中含有下列离子中的至少一种：锌离子、钙离子和硼酸根离子。
4.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述盐组分在室温下不溶于液体载体，但在相对较高温度下充分溶于用于所述弹性体的物理交联的液体载体。
5.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述所述复合物包括具有所述盐组分的微胶囊。
6.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述试剂在液体载体中的含量为2-60wt％。
7.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述弹性体在有水存在的情况下软化温度在50-100℃之间。
8.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述可熔弹性体具有一个或多个有效基团，包含以下基团中的至少一种：羟基和羧基。
9.根据权利要求8的复合物，特征在于所述盐组分的阳离子与可熔弹性体的有效基团的摩尔比大体位于1∶4-1∶6之间。
10.根据权利要求9的复合物，特征在于所述盐组分的阳离子与可熔弹性体的有效基团的摩尔比为1∶5。
11.根据上述权利要求之一的复合物，特征在于所述复合物中具有添加剂。
12.根据权利要求11的复合物，特征在于所述添加剂为表面活性剂、稳定剂或芳香剂。
13.具有根据权利要求1-12之一的提高抗皱性复合物的织物。
14.根据权利要求13的织物，特征在于所述复合物包含至少一种离子聚合物，该离子聚合物中包含离子和所述可熔弹性体，其中所述可熔弹性体的链通过所述离子物理交联。
15.通过使用根据权利要求1-12之一的复合物来改善织物的抗皱性的方法，其步骤包括：
A)向织物施加所述复合物，
B)除去织物上的褶皱，和
C)使液体载体至少部分蒸发。
16.根据权利要求15的方法，特征在于根据步骤A)的复合物向织物上的施加是借助于家庭用品实现的。
17.根据权利要求15或16的方法，特征在于根据步骤B)的织物上褶皱的消除是借助于熨斗在比环境温度高的温度下实现的。
18.根据上述权利要求15-17之一的方法，特征在于根据步骤A)的复合物向织物上的施加是通过顺序施加盐组分和减皱剂来实现的。
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| US20080235879A1 (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-02 | Ecolab Inc. | Method of producing substantially wrinkle-free textile surfaces |
| WO2010105943A1 (de) | 2009-03-20 | 2010-09-23 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Verwendung von polymeren mit carboxylgruppen in kombination mit zweiwertigen kationen zur ausbildung einer schutzschicht |
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| US3539286A (en) * | 1967-07-10 | 1970-11-10 | Monsanto Co | Method of treating fabrics |
| US4269603A (en) * | 1979-05-04 | 1981-05-26 | Riegel Textile Corporation | Non-formaldehyde durable press textile treatment |
| FR2625745B1 (fr) | 1988-01-08 | 1992-10-09 | Picardie Lainiere | Produit textile thermocollant comprenant un agent de reticulation microencapsule |
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| WO2004048677A1 (en) | 2004-06-10 |
| EP1567709B1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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| JP2006519317A (ja) | 2006-08-24 |
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