CH684421A5 - Method for constructing a building, such as an agricultural building, and bearing structure intended to support such a building - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for constructing a building, as well as to a bearing structure intended to support such a building. This method consists in: a) providing support piles (10) which are shaped at one end so that they can penetrate into the ground (S) and shaped at another end so as to receive blows from a tool, b) drawing out a site plan (12) on the ground for a bearing structure of the building, c) hitting the piles (10) to drive them directly into the ground until they are held in the ground by insertion, after having positioned them in accordance with the site plan (12), d) providing, in a preassembled form, in modules, bearing elements (2a, 2b) including support beams (6a, 6b), and e) erecting the bearing elements (2a, 2b) on the insertion piles (10), by rigid butt-assembly of the supporting beams (6a, 6b) on the piles (10) which have previously been inserted directly in the ground by driving. <IMAGE>

Description

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Description

The present invention relates to a method of constructing a building, such as for example a residential building, or an agricultural building intended to form a shed, a warehouse, a stable or the like.

In addition, this invention relates to a supporting structure of such a building intended to support this building with respect to the ground and which can be installed advantageously by the above-mentioned method.

Conventional building construction methods and structures generally include several successive stages of preparing the foundations, before the building itself is raised.

One of the methods for producing such foundations has hitherto consisted in first of all digging a set of cavities, more or less deep, directly in the ground.

Then, posts supporting the body of the building are respectively introduced into these hollowed-out cavities and are maintained in these by filling the annular space left between the post and the periphery of the cavity, with a sealing material, by example hardenable with air, such as mortar or concrete.

This type of foundation and its method of implementation have many drawbacks.

In fact, it is understood that it is first of all necessary to produce a certain number of cavities which must be of a diameter much greater than that of the posts, in order to receive the sealing material, and this over a sometimes significant depth. This work is long to implement and expensive.

What is more, the static stability of such an arrangement is not guaranteed since the post, although taken firmly inside the embankments, stuffing with earth, sand, mortar or concrete, may, under the application of a significant load, and in particular under the weight of the building, to sink more into the soil under stress, and this at any time in time. Furthermore, the post can by the lateral thrust effect (wind or load) tilt and deviate from its initial vertical position. The stability of this entire construction cannot therefore be ensured and the construction may itself be damaged.

Thus, this conventional arrangement in addition to being expensive to implement, does not offer sufficient reliability.

To this end, the present invention aims to provide a construction method and a building support structure that can be implemented quickly at the lowest possible cost, whatever the nature of the soil on which the building is implanted, and with sufficiently reliable resistance characteristics over time.

Also, the subject of the present invention is a method of constructing a building, characterized in that it consists:

a) in providing so-called support piles, in a generally elongated shape, shaped at a first end to penetrate the ground and at a second end to receive the impact of a tool,

b) to draw on the ground a determined and precise layout of a load-bearing structure of the building,

c) beating said piles in the longitudinal direction, using the tool, to drive them directly into the ground, until they are fixedly held therein, by embedding, after having positioned them on the ground in accordance the layout diagram of said supporting structure,

d) to provide load-bearing elements comprising building support columns of generally elongated shape, and e) to mount the load-bearing elements on the built-in piles, by assembling the free end of the building support poles at a rigid end on the corresponding free end of the piles which have been previously embedded directly in the ground by threshing to form with these piles and as an extension of these a supporting structure extending essentially vertically.

According to a first variant of the invention, this method consists, in step d), in providing a set of load-bearing elements intended to form together the load-bearing structure of the building, these load-bearing elements comprising trusses to which the posts of support of the building which form with these trusses pre-assembled modules.

According to a second variant of the invention, this method consists, in step d), in providing load-bearing elements comprising frames to which the building support posts are integrated which are shaped at a first end to occupy part of the 'free end of the piles and which form with the chassis said preassembled modules.

According to yet another characteristic of the invention, this process consists, in step c), of driving the piles by beating to a threshold of static resistance which is defined by the natural resistance of the soil and which is judged either visually according to the progress of the piles, that is to say according to the measurement of the resistance reached, then to cut the through end of the piles at the same level for all the driven piles.

It will also be specified that this process consists, in step e), in assembling the posts on their respective piles by the arrangement of at least two connecting plates, covering on either side and laterally the free ends of the piles respectively. and posts arranged in abutment, to form an assembly of the assembly by partial embedding.

The present invention also relates to a supporting structure of a building produced according to the above-mentioned method and intended to support said building relative to the ground, characterized in that it comprises:

- a set of piles of generally elongated shape, shaped at a first end to penetrate the ground and at a second end to receive the impact of a tool, these piles being intended

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born to be driven into the ground directly by threshing,

load-bearing elements comprising support posts extending essentially vertically and intended to come to be rigidly mounted, by abutment, on a through end of the piles previously embedded by beating, and

- assembly means capable of ensuring rigid mounting, by at least partial embedding, of the end support posts directly on the piles to form on these piles and in extension thereof the supporting structure which extends with said posts essentially vertically from the piles.

However, other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description which follows, taken with reference to the appended drawings representing an embodiment of the invention given here by way of example, and in which :

- fig. 1 is a front view of a building under construction, without gable facade, and in particular of an agricultural building forming a shed, implemented by the first variant of the construction method according to the invention and comprising a load-bearing structure , in accordance with this invention;

- fig. 2 is a perspective view of the building shown in FIG. 1,

- fig. 3 is a top view of a layout diagram of a load-bearing structure of a building, marked on a floor,

- fig. 4 is a perspective view schematically showing a set of piles already embedded for some of them in the ground, in accordance with the layout diagram of FIG. 3, and being built for one of them,

- fig. 5 shows an additional step of the method according to the invention, in which the piles built in according to the step of FIG. 4 are then cut to level,

- fig. 6 is a perspective view of a set of load-bearing elements, such as trusses, some of which are mounted at the end on respective embedded piles, while the latter is being mounted by means of a crane , this view representing another step of the first variant of the method according to the invention,

- fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the mounting of connection plates on one of the pile-post assemblies,

- fig. 8 is a similar view of FIG. 7, but showing the plates and their fastening means mounted on the pile-post assemblies, and

- fig. 9 is a perspective view of a set of load-bearing elements formed by panels which are mounted for some on respective embedded piles, while the latter is being put in place, the trusses being in turn reported on these panels, this view being in accordance with the second variant of the method according to the invention.

Referring first to fig. 1, a building will be described below, such as an agricultural building forming for example a shed, a warehouse, a stable or the like, in its constructed configuration and which is here mounted according to a first variant of the method according to the invention.

The building according to the invention, which is represented by the general reference 1, comprises several load-bearing elements 2a aligned with respect to each other and on which a conventional roof 4 is mounted.

In the example shown in fig. 1, each support element 2a comprises a truss 3a to which are subjected, in this example, two support posts 6a having a generally elongated shape and extending relative to a ground S in an essentially vertical manner.

As seen more particularly in FIG. 2, the building 1 comprises a set of side panels 8a, only two of which have been referenced here, each panel being held on either side by two of the support posts 6a.

As seen more particularly in FIGS. 1 and 2, the support elements 2a are held in the ground S by embedding, by means of a set of piles 10, embedded directly in the ground by threshing, as will be understood from the method described below.

Thus, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 9, the construction method according to a first and a second variant of the invention will be described below.

The first step of this process consists in providing piles, called support piles, conforming to the piles referenced 10 in FIGS. 1 and 2. These piles which are made of different materials such as impregnated wood, in particular fir or oak, or reinforced concrete, have a generally elongated shape and as can be seen in FIGS. 4 to 9, are shaped at a first end 10a to penetrate the ground S, and at a second end 10b, called the through end, for receiving the strike of a tool O, shown schematically in FIG. 4, as a mass.

The piles 10 preferably have a cross section of rectangular shape, for example square, but they can, in an embodiment not shown, be of circular section. They are therefore tapered at their end 10a in V, in the shape of a point, to better penetrate directly into the ground S, under the application of a significant thrust provided by the tool O. The open end 10b of the posts 10 is flat to receive the impact of the tool O and to ensure the distribution of this load over the entire section of the pile.

The next step of the method according to the invention, in accordance with FIG. 3, consists in conforming, on the ground S, a diagram 12 corresponding to a determined location of a support structure 14a (fig. 6) of the building 1. In this alternative embodiment, the support structure 14a is formed of embedded piles 10 in the ground S, and several preassembled modules which here include two support posts 6a and a truss 3a secured together and which form the load-bearing elements 2a.

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As seen in fig. 9, the building according to a second variant of the invention comprises a support structure 14b formed of piles 10 embedded in the ground S, and of several preassembled modules which here comprise two support posts 6b integrated into frames 5, forming with cladding 7 of the panels 8b which close the building 1 and which constitute the load-bearing elements 2b.

The layout diagram 12 is drawn on the ground by a specialist such as an entrepreneur, an architect or a surveyor who points to the positions which the piles 10 will have to occupy which will, in the next step, be embedded directly in the ground.

In the next step and as we can now see in fig. 4, the piles 10 are beaten in the longitudinal direction, using the tool O, to drive them directly into the ground S until they are fixedly fixed therein, by embedding, after having positioned them on the ground S in accordance with the layout diagram 12 of said supporting structure 14a, 14b. The result of this step is shown in fig. 4 where it can be seen that the various piles 10 have been driven into the ground at different depths. To this end, it will be specified that in this step, the piles 10 are driven in by threshing up to a static resistance threshold which is defined by the natural resistance of the soil and which is judged either visually according to the progress of the driven piles 10, either according to a resistance measurement achieved, carried out directly on the piles, by a conventional measuring device. Then, and as seen in fig. 5, the through end of the piles 10 is cut at the same level N (altitude) for all the driven piles. The next step (fig. 6) consists in providing, in a pre-assembled form, by modules, the load-bearing elements 2a intended to form together the load-bearing structure 14a of the building, these elements being provided with their support posts 6a.

More particularly, the carrier elements 2a are mounted respectively on several of the embedded piles 10 (two in this example) by a rigid end assembly of the free end of each support post 6a on the corresponding free end of one of the piles 10 which has been previously embedded in the ground S by threshing, as specified above.

In this step, and as shown more particularly in FIG. 7, the posts are assembled on each respective stake 10 by the arrangement of at least two, and preferably, according to the example shown, by the arrangement of four connecting plates 16 (only one being here referenced) covering on the one hand and other and laterally the free ends respectively of the piles 10 and the posts 6a arranged in abutment, to form an assembly by partial embedding.

It is also noted that, in this step, the connection plates 16 are arranged parallel to the support elements 2a and to the trusses 3a. Furthermore, the connection plates 16 are subject to the pile-post assemblies by screwing, via either a lag screw in the case where the piles 10 and / or the posts 6a are made of impregnated wood (oak or in fir for the piles and in fir for the posts), or by socket screws in the case where the posts and / or posts are made of reinforced concrete.

As seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 6 the supporting structure 14a according to the invention comprises a set of piles 10 of generally elongated shape, shaped at their first end 10a to penetrate the ground and at the other 10b, to receive the impact of the tool O, these piles 10 being intended to be driven into the ground directly by threshing.

What is more, this structure comprises the bearing elements 2a previously described which comprise the trusses 3a and the support posts 6a which are intended to come to be rigidly assembled by abutment on the through end of the piles previously embedded by threshing as specified below. -before. Finally, this structure comprises assembly means 16, 18 which are capable of ensuring rigid mounting, by at least partial embedding of the support posts 6a at the end directly on the piles 10.

Note that the assembly means are constituted by the connection plates 16 which are intended to be arranged laterally against each pile-post assembly on either side and to be fixedly fixed against each assembly by the fixing means formed by lag screws or threaded sockets 18.

It will also be noted that the connection plates are intended to be arranged on the pile-post assemblies in parallel to the load-bearing elements 2a comprising the trusses 3a.

Referring now to FIG. 9 which represents a second variant of the invention, it is noted that the chassis of the panels 8b, here forming the load-bearing elements 2b, consists of a frame 9 and a bracing 11.

The frame 9 is formed of two posts 6b and horizontal crosspieces, not referenced.

The posts 6b constitute half-posts with respect to the posts 6a and each occupy only part of the free open end 10b of the posts 10.

In the assembled state, the posts 6b are bolted in pairs and are fixed at a first end abutting on the piles 10 by fixing plates of the type of those shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.

The second end of the posts 6b comprises mounting notches 13 shaped to receive two by two the trusses 3b which are here conventional.

It will be understood from what has just been described that the method and the arrangement according to the invention make it possible to produce constructions at a very reduced cost compared to the conventional prior techniques, by offering vertical stability and lateral stability of the construction. markedly improved.

This is made possible by threshing the piles, an operation which compacts the soil around these piles, in the vertical and lateral directions, by pressurizing the material forming the soil in the region of the pile.

We have also greatly increased the speed of implementation of the whole, thanks to the absence of a foundation.

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Claims (13)

Claims 1. Method of constructing a building, characterized in that it consists: a) to provide piles (10) called support, in a generally elongated shape, shaped at a first end (10a) to penetrate the ground (S) and at a second end (10b) to receive the strike of a tool (O), b) drawing on the ground (S) a determined and precise layout diagram (12) of a supporting structure (14a, 14b) of the building (1), c) beating said piles (10) in the longitudinal direction, using the tool (O), to drive them directly into the ground (S), until they are fixedly held therein, by embedding , after having positioned them on the ground in accordance with the layout diagram of said supporting structure (14a, 14b), d) supplying load-bearing elements (2a, 2b) comprising building support posts (6a, 6b) of generally elongated shape, and e) mounting the load-bearing elements (2a, 2b) on the built-in piles (10), by the rigid end assembly of the free end of the building support posts (6a, 6b) on the corresponding free end of the piles (10) which have been previously embedded directly in the ground (S) by beating to form with these piles and as an extension of these, a carrying structure extending essentially vertically. 2. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists, in step d), in providing a set of load-bearing elements (2a) intended to form together the load-bearing structure (14a) of the building (1 ), these load-bearing elements (2a) comprising trusses (3a) to which the building support posts (6a) are subjected, which form with these trusses pre-assembled modules. 3. Construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists, in step d), in providing load-bearing elements (2b) comprising frames (5) in which the building support posts (6b) are integrated. ) which are shaped at a first end to occupy part of the free end of the piles (10) and which form, with the chassis (5), pre-assembled modules. 4. Construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that each preassembled module further comprises a cladding (7) constituting with the frame (5) and two of the posts (6b) a panel closing the building (1). 5. Construction method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the support posts (6b) respectively have at their second end mounting notches (13) shaped to receive two by two trusses (3b). 6. Construction method according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that it consists, after step e), of mounting the trusses (3b) on the carrier elements (2b) in the form of a panel, in the notches of mounting (13). 7. Construction method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it consists, in step c), of driving the piles (10) by beating up to a static resistance threshold which is defined by the natural resistance of the soil, then cutting the through end of the piles (10) at the same level for all the driven piles. 8. Construction method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists, in step e), in assembling the posts (6a) on their stake (10) respective by the provision of at least two connecting plates (16) covering on either side and laterally the free ends respectively of the piles (10) and of the posts (6a) arranged in abutment, to form an assembly by partial embedding. 9. Construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that it consists, in step e), by screwing the connecting plates (16) on the stake-pole assemblies. 10. Load-bearing structure of a building produced according to the method of one of claims 1 to 9, and intended to support said building relative to the ground, characterized in that it comprises: - a set of piles (10) of generally elongated shape, shaped at a first end (10a) to penetrate the ground (S) and at a second end (10b) to receive the strike of a tool (O), these piles (10) being intended to be driven into the ground (O) directly by threshing, - load-bearing elements (2a, 2b) comprising support posts (6a, 6b) extending essentially vertically and intended to come to be rigidly mounted, by abutment, on a through end of the piles (10) previously embedded by threshing, and - assembly means capable of ensuring rigid mounting, by at least partial embedding, of the support posts (6a) at the end directly on the piles (10) to form on these piles and in extension thereof the structure carrier which extends with said posts essentially vertically from the piles. 11. Structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the assembly means are constituted by connecting plates (16) intended to be arranged laterally against each pile-post assembly, on either side, and to be subjected fixedly against each assembly by fixing means (18). 12. Structure according to claim 11, characterized in that said connecting plates (16) are intended to be arranged on the pile-post assembly in parallel to the carrier elements (2a) formed by the trusses. 13. Structure according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that said load-bearing elements (2b) comprise chassis (5) in which are integrated the support posts (6b) which are connected at one of their ends to said piles. 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 5