CH676242A5 - - Google Patents
Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH676242A5 CH676242A5 CH4307/88A CH430788A CH676242A5 CH 676242 A5 CH676242 A5 CH 676242A5 CH 4307/88 A CH4307/88 A CH 4307/88A CH 430788 A CH430788 A CH 430788A CH 676242 A5 CH676242 A5 CH 676242A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- alkyl
- formula
- methyl
- compound
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008832 photodamage Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000951 phenoxy group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(O*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine Substances CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQJZHMCWDKOPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-anilino-2-oxoacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 PQJZHMCWDKOPQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycidyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1CO1 VOZRXNHHFUQHIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 3
- LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecylperoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOOCCCCCCCCCCCC LGJCFVYMIJLQJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N (1S,2S,6R,14R,15R,16R)-5-(cyclopropylmethyl)-16-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylpentan-2-yl]-15-methoxy-13-oxa-5-azahexacyclo[13.2.2.12,8.01,6.02,14.012,20]icosa-8(20),9,11-trien-11-ol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC=3C4=C(C(=CC=3)O)O[C@H]3[C@@]5(OC)CC[C@@]2([C@@]43CC1)C[C@@H]5[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)CC)CC1CC1 HBENZIXOGRCSQN-VQWWACLZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N (1r,3s,5z)-5-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-7a-methyl-1-[(2r)-4-(phenylsulfonimidoyl)butan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@]2(CCCC(/[C@@H]2CC1)=C\C=C\1C([C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C/1)=C)C)CS(=N)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIMMECPCYZXUCI-MIMFYIINSA-N (4s,6r)-6-[(1e)-4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)buta-1,3-dienyl]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-one Chemical compound CN1N=NN=C1C(\C=C\[C@@H]1OC(=O)C[C@@H](O)C1)=C(C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 VIMMECPCYZXUCI-MIMFYIINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound ClC(=C)C#N OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002490 anilino group Chemical group [H]N(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
- C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3412—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having one nitrogen atom in the ring
- C08K5/3432—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3435—Piperidines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/35—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having also oxygen in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/527—Cyclic esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/5398—Phosphorus bound to sulfur
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB878727452A GB8727452D0 (en) | 1987-11-24 | 1987-11-24 | Organic compounds |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH676242A5 true CH676242A5 (cs) | 1990-12-28 |
Family
ID=10627436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH4307/88A CH676242A5 (cs) | 1987-11-24 | 1988-11-21 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01167357A (cs) |
| CH (1) | CH676242A5 (cs) |
| DE (1) | DE3838480A1 (cs) |
| FR (1) | FR2623515A1 (cs) |
| GB (2) | GB8727452D0 (cs) |
| IT (1) | IT1224575B (cs) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9121575D0 (en) * | 1991-10-11 | 1991-11-27 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
| EP1148090A1 (de) * | 2000-04-17 | 2001-10-24 | Clariant Finance (BVI) Limited | Flammgeschützte polymere |
| DE10040060A1 (de) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-28 | Roehm Gmbh | Verbessertes Solarienliegematerial |
| DE10311641A1 (de) * | 2003-03-14 | 2004-09-23 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Bräunungshilfen |
| FR2892422B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-20 | 2011-08-05 | Arkema | Composition methacrylique ignifugee |
| EP1777257B1 (fr) * | 2005-10-20 | 2018-08-22 | Arkema France | Composition méthacrylique ignifugée |
| US8466096B2 (en) | 2007-04-26 | 2013-06-18 | Afton Chemical Corporation | 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane, 2-sulfide derivatives for use as anti-wear additives in lubricant compositions |
| DE102008043719A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-20 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Formmassen zur Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
| DE102008043713A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-20 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
| DE102010030508A1 (de) | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
| WO2016088767A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-05 | 2016-06-09 | 大日精化工業株式会社 | 顆粒状樹脂用添加剤の製造方法、その製造方法により得られる顆粒状樹脂用添加剤、熱可塑性樹脂組成物、及び成形品 |
| TW201827473A (zh) * | 2016-08-15 | 2018-08-01 | 德商贏創羅恩有限責任公司 | 用於紫外光發動機之丙烯酸系材料 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH501699A (de) * | 1965-12-08 | 1971-02-26 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Verwendung von symmetrischen Oxalsäure-diarylamiden als Ultraviolettschutzmittel für organische Materialien ausserhalb der Textilindustrie |
| DE2913853A1 (de) * | 1979-04-06 | 1980-10-23 | Roehm Gmbh | Verfahren zum polymerisieren von methylmethacrylat |
| CH667275A5 (de) * | 1985-03-22 | 1988-09-30 | Sandoz Ag | Flammgehemmte methylmethacrylatpolymer- und -copolymermassen. |
-
1987
- 1987-11-24 GB GB878727452A patent/GB8727452D0/en active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-11-12 DE DE3838480A patent/DE3838480A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-11-17 FR FR8815082A patent/FR2623515A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-11-21 CH CH4307/88A patent/CH676242A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-11-21 IT IT8848573A patent/IT1224575B/it active
- 1988-11-21 GB GB8827132A patent/GB2212807B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-22 JP JP63293733A patent/JPH01167357A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH01167357A (ja) | 1989-07-03 |
| FR2623515A1 (fr) | 1989-05-26 |
| DE3838480A1 (de) | 1989-06-08 |
| GB2212807B (en) | 1991-08-14 |
| IT1224575B (it) | 1990-10-04 |
| GB8827132D0 (en) | 1988-12-29 |
| GB8727452D0 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| GB2212807A (en) | 1989-08-02 |
| IT8848573A0 (it) | 1988-11-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0016870B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Polymerisieren von Methylmethacrylat sowie aus diesem Polymerisat hergestellte Platte und Verwendung derselben | |
| EP0000496B1 (de) | Seitenständige N-heterocyclische Ringe tragende Acrylatpolymere und deren Verwendung als Lichtschutzmittel | |
| DE69732426T2 (de) | Modifizierungsmittel für polyolefine | |
| EP0010518A1 (de) | Seitenständige N-heterocyclische Ringe tragende Copolymere, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung | |
| DE69714292T2 (de) | Modifizierungsmittel für polyolefine | |
| DE3439483A1 (de) | Radikalisch polymerisierbarer uv-absorber, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine polymere | |
| CH676242A5 (cs) | ||
| DE1769646C3 (de) | Stabilisierung von synthetischen Polymeren | |
| DE1420282B2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von uv licht absorbierenden poly merisaten | |
| EP0001840A2 (de) | Stabilisatorgemische, Verfahren zum Stabilisieren von Kunststoffen gegen Licht mit diesen Gemischen und so stabilisierte Kunststoffe | |
| DE1569595A1 (de) | Lichtstabilisierte Polymermassen | |
| JPS58174425A (ja) | ポリマー非黄変性用組成物 | |
| DE2456125C2 (de) | Pigmenthaltige Polymermasse | |
| EP0164663B1 (de) | Kunststoff mit hoher UV-Durchlässigkeit und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| EP0015237A1 (de) | Homo- und Copolymerisate von Vinyläthern von Polyalkylpiperidinolen und deren Verwendung als Stabilisatoren für Kunststoffe | |
| DE1569504C3 (de) | Verbesserung der Verwitterungsbeständigkeit von festen organischen Kunststoffen | |
| EP0324940B1 (de) | Kunststoffmaterial mit hoher UV-Durchlässigkeit, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung | |
| DE1242875B (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Homo- oder Mischpolymerisaten durch Polymerisation vonAcrylsaeureestern endocyclischer Alkohole | |
| AT389706B (de) | Flammgehemmte methylmethacrylatpolymer- und -copolymermassen | |
| EP0516987B1 (de) | Polymere auf der Basis von Bicyclo[2.2.1] hept-5-en-2,3-dicarbonsäure-anhydriden | |
| DE1265407B (de) | Selbsterloeschende Formmassen aus alkenylaromatischen Polymerisaten | |
| EP0335233A3 (de) | Wärmeformbeständige, transparente thermoplastische Formmasse, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung | |
| DE29504693U1 (de) | Gegen Verfärbung bei thermischer Belastung stabilisierte Polymethacrylat-Formmassen | |
| DD290906A5 (de) | Verfahren zur stabilisierung von polyolefinen und deren copolymerisaten durch ester der phosphorigen und phosphonigen saeuren | |
| DE2528201C3 (de) | Gegen thermische Verfärbung stabilisierte Massen auf der Basis von Arylnitrilpolymerisaten |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |