CH673277A5 - - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to an agent for the alkaline earth fertilization of woody plants, especially in acid locations in pollution-affected areas, which is defined in claim 1.

Gaseous emissions from industry, power plants, motor vehicles and households have increased significantly in the highly industrialized and densely populated regions of the world over the past 30 years, with sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) coming first in terms of quantity. These compounds and the reaction products formed from them and other air constituents have a detrimental effect on forest ecosystems with long production periods of 80 to 160 years. Primarily there is direct damage to the assimilation organs, the nutrient elements Mg and Ca are leached out of the assimilation organs and the soil is de-baked (REHFUSS 1985, ZÖTTL 1985 in «Düsseldorfer Geobotan. Colloquium 2 (1985); 1 NEBE et al. 1985) Symp. "Selected Problems of Woody Physiology" / Tharandt 1985).

The damage manifests itself in the latent stage as a general loss of yield and stability, in the chronic and acute stage it becomes visible on the assimilation apparatus as yellowing or browning and needle loss as well as in an increased mortality rate. The targeted supply of the alkaline earths mentioned in plant-physiological, local and technologically adapted form is necessary in order to ensure the continued existence of the forest vegetation in the interests of society as a whole. Such a supply is fundamentally possible via the floor or via the assimilation organs. An acute nutritional deficiency can be caused in the short term by foliar application of appropriate fertilizers, as described for example in DE-OS 3 314 123, DE-OS 3 323 730, DE-OS 2 165 705 and DD-PS 234 857 can only be remedied for a short time. Only the application of alkaline earths with a basic effect is capable of simultaneously eliminating the acidification and specific nutrient deficiency of the substrate, increasing the sorption capacity of the soil and thus reducing pollution-related stress in the long term. The known solid magnesium and calcium fertilizers are currently used for soil application of alkaline earths.

In principle, magnesium chloride, sulfate, carbonate, phosphate, silicate and oxide are available as the magnesium source, as in the patents DD-PS 144 165, DD-PS 210 681, DD-PS 141 018, DE- AS 1 592 818, DE-AS 2 316 701, DSPS 3 308 183. The supply of magnesium in the form of chloride and sulfate is on the one hand unsuitable and ineffective at the forest locations described, since the anions of the strong acids further increase the acid potential of the soil, which makes the absorption of magnesium in the soil and its absorption by the plants more difficult. On the other hand, the neutralizing effect of magnesium, which is desirable for reducing soil acidification, remains unused.

Calcium can in principle be administered in the form of carbonate, oxide, hydroxide and silicates (DD-PS 5 233 554). Quicklime (oxide) and quicklime (hydroxide) have a quick neutralizing and caustic effect. They are preferably used on heavy soils with simultaneous incorporation. Their use in the fertilization of forest stands restrict technological reasons (occupational protection, weather dependency, distribution accuracy, lack of training options in the stand), nutritional reasons (pH increases beyond the optimal range for conifers; considerable humus and nutrient losses due to rapid mineralization of the organic 15 substance), phytotoxic reasons (chemical burns to plants) and ecological reasons (eutrophication of water through the entry of nitrates).

The damage to the soil and plants of pollution-prone forest ecosystems necessitates a simultaneous supply of magnesium and calcium in a basic effective form via the soil. Through the fertilization of magnesi-containing carbonate limes, e.g. Marl or dolomite, although this requirement is taken into account in principle, the relatively low and deposit-dependent Mg contents 25 and the lack of a rapidly effective basic Mg component hinder the rapid rectification of extreme Mg deficiency situations. A supply of MgO in the form of burnt dolomitic limes differs due to the above-mentioned Reasons. DD-PS 139 335 and 30 148 876 provide a way out, according to which a silty-clay, dolomitic marl is mixed with waste from lime hydrate production and / or cement rotary kiln dust with the addition of kieserite. The resulting product, which can be adjusted to constant nutrient contents, contains the supplied, quick-acting 35 me Mg component or portions of calcium in undesired (sulfate) or in phytotoxic binding form (oxide, hydroxide). The fertilizer also contains clay minerals and up to 10% water. These fibers interfere with the effective spreading of the large amounts of fertilizer normally used in forestry by airplanes or blowers. The relatively coarse grain of the product (particle diameter up to 6.3 mm) also prevents rapid depth displacement of the surface-applied fertilizer into the root area and thus a quick effect. Similar disadvantages 45 with regard to the acidic bond form of the magnesium component also have products according to DD-PS 214 844, DD-PS 232 389 and DE-OS 2 014 321.

The aim of the invention is to develop a calcium-magnesium fertilizer for woody plants, which is distinguished by the fact that there is a physiologically balanced quantitative ratio of carbonate-bound calcium and carbonate-bonded and oxidically bonded magnesium and that a fine grinding of the raw materials gives the pronounced Immediate and deep effects combined with a depot effect. The fertilizer should thus be adapted to the specific disturbances of the acidity and nutrient regime in the soil as well as the nutritional status in the assimilation organs of woody plants in S02 / NOx emission areas and in areas with acidic precipitation, taking into account the long-term nature of forest production periods prophylactic and therapeutic application increase the stability of the assembly. The composition of the fertilizer according to the invention and its forms of binding are intended to exclude damage to the assimilation organs 65 and to allow a limited uptake of the alkaline earths via these. Furthermore, raw materials and waste products that were not previously usable should be used as far as possible in the production of the product according to the invention.

3rd

The invention thus relates to an agent for the alkaline earth fertilization of woody plants. This can be prepared by mixing specially prepared calcium magnesium carbonate, preferably finely ground dolomite flour and magnesium oxide, preferably fired magnesite, so that the product contains at least 18% calcium and 13.5% magnesium, with 2 to 5% Mg are in the form of MgO. The dolomite flour used preferably has a grain size of 90 percent less than 0.315 mm, the fired magnesite has a Mg content of more than 45 percent and the mixture has a dry matter content of more than 98 percent; it is therefore available as a free-flowing, pneumatically conveyable product and can be applied advantageously using conventional application technologies and can be granulated. When the product according to the invention was applied to spruce stockings of different ages, which were subject to immissions, a synergistic effect was found which surprisingly exceeded the additive effect of the individual components. Already during the

Table 1

Growth rates (control test element = 100%) in the magnesium nutritional state of 6-year-old spruce trees during the first growing season after adding different calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers

fertilizer

Gift height (kg per tree

Needle age

Percentages

Would

Approx

Mg

(Years)

increase

(1)

without (control).

-

0.5

100

1.5

100

(2)

1.31

0.25

0.13

0.5

130

1.5

150

(3)

0.80

0.03

0.12

0.5

270

1.5

250

(4)

0.89

0.18

0.13

0.5

198

1.5

278

(1) Unfertilized control

(2) Kamsdorfer marl (19.0% Ca; 9.6% Mg)

(3) Kieserite (3.2% Ca; 14.9% Mg)

(4) agent according to the invention (20.2% Ca; 14.2% Mg)

Table 2

Rates of increase (control test element = 100%) in the magnesium nutritional status of 32-year-old spruce trees during the first growing season after adding different calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers

Fertilizer dose height (kg per tree)

Goods Ca Mg

(1) without (control)

(2) 5.25 1.00 0.90

(3) 3.21 0.09 0.49

(4) 3.55 0.72 0.50

673 277

In the first growing season, the magnesium was taken up with increasing tendency with increasing needle age. The magnesium deficiency of the most diseased needles was thus dealt with more intensively than with the known, well-known calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers.

Exemplary embodiment The product according to the invention (at least 18% Ca and 13.5% Mg) and commercially available comparative fertilizers were manually sprinkled onto the soil surface in the root area of the root area of different age pollutant pollutions at the end of April 1985. In the middle of September of the same year, needles of different ages were removed from the fertilized and unfertilized trees and, after conventional preparation, examined for their magnesium content in the dry matter by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Tables 1 and 2 contain fertilizer application rates and results of the nutritional tests.

Needle age

Percentages

Years

increase

0.5

100

1.5

100

2.5

100

3.5

100

0.5

107

1.5

85

2.5

128

3.5

132

0.5

113

1.5

108

2.5

100

3.5

116

0.5

109

1.5

112

2.5

128

3.5

195

673 277

(1) Unfertilized control

(2) Kamsdorfer marl (19.0% Ca; 9.6% Mg)

(3) Kieserite (3.2% Ca; 14.9% Mg)

(4) agent according to the invention (20.2% Ca; 14.2% Mg)

C.

Claims (3)

673 277 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Agent for the alkaline earth fertilization of woody plants, characterized in that a mixture of a calcium magnesium carbonate and a magnesium oxide is present, which contains at least 18% calcium and 13.5% Mg, with 2 to 5% magnesium in the form of MgO are available. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbonate finely ground dolomite flour with a grain size of 90 percent by mass less than 0.315 mm and MgO fired magnesite with a Mg content of at least 45 percent are present. 3. Composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixture has a dry matter content of more than 98 percent.