DD271424A3 - MEDIUM FOR THE ERDALKALID RENEWAL OF HOSES - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a means for Erdalkaliduengung Gehoelzen on acidic sites in Immissionsschadgebieten. A mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide contains 2 to 5% absolute magnesium in the form of MgO and at least 18% total calcium and 13.5% magnesium. During the application of the product to spruce stands with different levels of exposure to pollutants, it was found that during the first growing season the magnesium was absorbed with increasing needle age. Thus, the magnesium deficiency of the most affected needles was met more intensively than with similarly tested, known calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers. Usable starting materials, dolomitic flour with a particle size of 90% less than 0.315 mm and burned magnesite with a MgO content of more than 45%, are free-flowing, pneumatically transportable and granular. They can be applied with usual application means.

Description

Characteristic of the known state of the art

Gaseous emissions from industry, power plants, motor vehicles and households have increased dramatically over the past 30 years in highly industrialized and densely populated regions of the world, with sulfur dioxide (SO ₂ ) and nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) in first place in terms of quantity. These compounds and the reaction products formed from them and other airborne ingredients are detrimental to forest ecosystems with long 80 to 100 year production periods. It comes primarily to the direct damage of the assimilation organs, to the leaching of the nutrient elements Mg and Ca from the assimilation organs and to the decarburization of the soils (REMFUESS 1905, ZÖTTL 1985 in Dusseldorf Gasbot Colloquium 2/1985 / NEBE et al., 1985 to Symp. Tharandt / 1985 /) It is known that a part of the Mg contained in the assimilation organs is required for chlorophyll synthesis or as a chlorophyll constituent in the plant and that when a certain content is fallen below, for example of about 0.03% Mg in conifers as a sign of chlorophyll deficiency chlorosis, with values between 0.03 and 0.08% Mg already inhibiting photosynthesis or yield formation.

The damage manifests itself in the latent stage as a general loss of yield and stability, they become visible in the chronic and acute stage on the assimilation apparatus as yellowing or browning and needle loss as well as in an increased mortality rate. The targeted supply of these alkaline earths in plant-physiologically, locally and technologically adapted form is necessary to ensure the survival of the vegetation form forest in the interest of all societies. Such a supply is basically possible via the soil or via the assimilation organs. By a Blattappükation appropriate fertilization, as described for example in DE-OS 3314123, DE-OS 3323730, DE-OS 2165705 and DD-PS 234857, although an acute nutritional deficiencies can be corrected in the short term, but also only for a short time. Only the soil application of basic alkaline earth alkalis is able to simultaneously eliminate the acidification and specific nutrient depletion of the substrate, to increase the sorption capacity of the soil and thus to reduce the pollution-related stress in the long term. In Bodenappliketion of alkaline earths, the known solid magnesium and calcium fertilizers are currently used.

Thus magnesium chloride, sulfate, carbonate, phosphate, silicate and oxide are basically available as magnesium sources, as described in patents DD-PS 144165, DD-PS 210681, DD-PS 141018, DE-AS 1592818, US Pat. DE-AS 2316701, DE-PS 3308183 carried out ioi. The supply of magnesium in the form of chloride and sulfate is on the one hand unsuitable and less effective on the described forest sites, as the anions of strong acids further increase the already existing acid potential of the soil and the sorption of magnesium in soil and its absorption by the plants complicate. On the other hand, the neutralization effect of magnesium which is desirable for the reduction of soil acidification remains unused. The same applies to a proposal by BUCHNER and ISERMANN (Allg. Forest Journal Munich 1984, 781-784) to use a combined fertilization in the form of 2 to 3 t dolomite / ha and 400 to 600 kg kieserite / ha in immissions damaged stocks. The sulphate is washed out of the humus layer and triggers additional base depletion and acidification. Simultaneous liming can not significantly affect this process. The magnesia effect of kieserite should be completed within 2 years.

Calcium can be administered in principle in the form of carbonate, oxide, hydroxide and silicates (DD-PS 233 554). Quicklime (oxide) and hydrated lime (hydroxide) have a fast neutralizing and corrosive effect. They are preferably applied to heavy soils with simultaneous incorporation. Their use in the fertilization of forest stands limits technological reasons (occupational safety, weather dependence, distribution accuracy, lack of work in stock), nutritional reasons (pH increases above the optimal range for conifers addition, significant humus and nutrient losses through rapid mineralization of organic Substance), phytotoxic Gründa (chemical burns to plants) as well as ecological reasons (Eutrophierung of waters by entry of nitrates) largely one. The damage to the soil and plants of pollution-laden forest ecosystems necessitates a uniform supply of magnesium and calcium in a fundamentally effective form over the soil. By fertilizing with Magr.esi jmnaltigen carbonic limestones, z. As marl or dolomite, this requirement is taken into account in principle, the relatively low and deposit-dependent Mg contents and the lack of a rapidly effective basic Mg component hinder the rapid removal of extreme Mg-Lackelsixuationen. A feed of MgO in the form of calcined Jolomitic limestone is eliminated because of the reasons already mentioned above. Also with the in DD-PS 139335 and 148876 beschi ized lime and magnesium fertilizers, by mixing of silty monochromate, dolomitisrr-em marl mi! Waste from the Kohlenhydrr production and / or Zementdrehofenstäuben with the addition of Kiesei it is produced, the problem can not be solved satisfactorily dadas ausrichibare the constant nutrient content of the product supplied, rapidly becoming effective Mg component or proportion of calcium in unwanted (sulfate) or in phytotoxic binary form

(Oxic hydroxide). The fertilizer also contains clay minerals and up to 10% water. These fibers affect the effective application of the usual large quantities of fertilizer by aircraft or blower. Similar disadvantages with regard to the acidic binding form of the magnesium component are also possessed by products according to DD-PS 214844, DD-PS 232389 and DE-OS 2014321.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is a contribution to reducing pollution-related damage to the forest by fertilization.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide an agent for the alkaline earth treatment of woody plants on acidic sites in immission damaging areas consisting of calcium and magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, which has a sustained therapeutic and prophylactic effect on the tillers.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the mixture contains 2 to 5% of magnesium absolute in the form of MgO and a total of at least 18% calcium and 13.5% magnesium.

In the application of the product according to the invention to different old, immissionsbelasteten spruce stands showed that even during the first growing season, the magnesium was taken up with increasing needle age in increasing tendency. Thus, the magnesium deficiency of the most severely affected needles was met more intensively than with likewise tested, known calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers.

Usable starting materials, dolomitic flour with a grain size of 90% less than 0.315 mm and burned magnesite with a MgO content of more than 45%, are free-flowing, pneumatically conveyable and granulierfähig. They can be applied with common application agents

 •

embodiment

The product according to the invention (at least 18% Ca and 13.5% Mg) and commercially available comparison fertilizers were spread by hand at the end of April 1985 in the root area of different age-contaminated sprucebestocunges 3uf the soil surface. In the middle of September of the same year, needles of various ages were taken from the fertilized and unfertilized trees and analyzed for their magnesium content in the dry matter by atomic absorption spectroscopy.) Fertilizer expenditure and results of the nutritional studies are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

Table 1: Increase rates (Kontroiiprüfgtied = 100%) in the magnesium nutritional status of 6-year-old spruces during the first growing season after intake of different calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers

fertilizer Gift height (kg per tree) Ca without control 0.25 mg needle percentage Would older increase 1.31 0.03 - (Years) (I) 0.5 100 0.80 0.18 0.13 1.5 100 - (2) 0.5 130 0.89 0.12 1.5 150 (3) 0.5 270 0.13 1.5 250 (4) 0.5 198 1.5 278

(1) untreated control

(2) Kamsdorf marl (19.0% Ca, 9.6% Mg)

(3) Kieserite (3.2% Ca, 14.9% Mg)

(4) Means according to the invention (20.2% Ca, 14.2% Mg)

Table 2: Increasing rates (control test element = 100%) in the magnesium nutritional status of 32-year-old spruce "leading in the first growing season after intake of different calcium and / or magnesium fertilizers

fertilizer

Gift height (kg per tree) Goods Ca

Needle age (years)

Percentage increase

without control

5.25

1.00

0.5 100 1.5 100 2.5 100 3.5 100 0.5 107 1.5 85 2.5 128 3.5 132

Continuation of Table 2:

fertilizer

Gift height (kg per tree) Goods Ca

Needle age (years)

Percentage increase

3.21

3.55

0.09

0.72

0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5

113 108 100 116 109 112 128 195

{'.) untreated control

(2) Kamsdorf marl (19.0% Ca, 9.6% Mg)

(3) Kieserite (3.2% Ca, 14.9% Mg)

(4) agent of the present invention (20.2% Ca, 14.2% Mg)

Table 3: Rates of increase (control test element = 100%) in the magnesium nutritional status of 33-year-old spruces during the second growing season after the supply of a fertilizer according to the proposal of BÜCHNER and ISERMANN and the agent according to the invention

fertilizer

Gift height (kg per tree) Goods Ca

without control

4.60

3.55

0.67

0.72

(1) untreated control

(2) 76Ma% dolomitic lime (19.0% Ca, 9.6% Mg) and 24Ma% kieserite (0% Ca, 15.0% Mg)

(3) agent of the invention (20.2% Ca, 14.2% Mg)

Needle- percentage older increase (Years) 0.5 100 ' 1.5 100 2.5 100 3.5 100 0.5 117 1.5 130 2.5 118 3.5 74 0.5 125 1.5 152 2.5 127 3.5 100

Claims (1)

Agent for the alkaline earth treatment of woody plants on acidic sites in pollution controlled areas, consisting of a mixture of calcium and magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, characterized in that the mixture contains 2 to 5% of magnesium absolute in the form of MgO and a total of at least 18% calcium and 13.5% Contains magnesium. Field of application of the invention The invention relates to a means for Erdalkalidüngung of woody plants on acidic sites in Immissionsschadgebieten.