CH650696A5 - DEVICE FOR EXCHANGING HEAT AND / OR FUEL BETWEEN FLUID MEDIA. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for heat and / or material exchange between fluid media and / or for filtration thereof, in which the heat and / or material exchange by hollow threads is carried out directly or indirectly and the filtration by such threads always takes place directly.

A heat exchanger made of hollow fibers or hollow fibers is known from US Pat. No. 3,228,456, in which the hollow fibers or hollow fibers are arranged in a straight line, parallel to one another and at a distance from one another.

DE-OS 2 833 493 has already proposed porous hollow threads and their production. Their use as filters, membrane supports for separation purposes, substrate supports or oxygenators has also been proposed.

It has now surprisingly been found that the porous hollow filaments already proposed are also particularly well suited for the transfer of heat in addition to the purposes already mentioned, in particular if they have properties and / or a shape which their heat conduction and / or their Increase heat transfer and / or their heat transfer, and if they are arranged using their flexibility in such a way that the devices made from such porous hollow fibers are more resistant to external mechanical stresses, so that they ensure undiminished heat transfer performance even after prolonged use.

In the case of a liquid to be cooled flowing through the porous hollow filaments, it is particularly advantageous if, in addition to the heat transfer taking place through the non-porous parts of the hollow filament wall, a portion of the liquid flowing through the porous hollow filaments passes out through the pores and there - ie on the outer surface of the porous hollow fibers - evaporates, which removes the necessary evaporation energy from the part of the liquid remaining in the hollow fiber interior, thereby cooling it.

The present invention has for its object to improve the known heat exchangers made of hollow fibers with regard to their heat transfer performance and their performance properties and to provide a device in which heat is transferred which - as far as their manufacture as well as their performance properties and heat transfer performance - does not have the disadvantages of the conventional heat exchangers produced from the known hollow filaments and which can be produced in a simple and quick manner.

According to the invention, this object is achieved, on the one hand, by utilizing the flexibility of the porous hollow fibers by constructive design of the device according to the invention and, on the other hand, by special configuration of the porous hollow fibers already proposed, by means of which

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their heat conduction and / or the heat transfer is increased, solved.

The device according to the invention, in which heat is transferred by hollow fibers, is characterized in that the hollow fibers made of synthetic polymers with 10 to 90 percent by volume of interconnected pores and a surface with open pores, the proportion of openings in the surface 10 to Is 90%. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, each individual porous hollow thread is loop-shaped over most of its length, preferably over its entire length and / or the greater part of all porous hollow threads, preferably all of the porous hollow threads.

Such devices according to the invention, in which heat is transferred, do not have the disadvantages of the known heat exchangers made of hollow fibers, in which the hollow fibers are arranged in a straight line, parallel to one another and at a distance from one another. This known arrangement, as it is also common in metal tube bundle heat exchangers, makes the production of such heat exchangers from hollow fibers difficult and expensive. In addition, in this known arrangement of the hollow fibers, the hollow fiber bundles can be damaged, for example kinked, by slight external mechanical influences.

In order to increase the heat transfer capacity of the device according to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the porous hollow fibers used have good heat-conducting substances, such as metals, graphite and the like. contained in dust or powder form, these substances being contained in the polymer forming the hollow fibers and / or being incorporated in the pores. The porous hollow thread can also or additionally fillers, stabilizers, additives, carbon black, color pigments or the like. contain.

The outside diameter of the hollow threads used for the device according to the invention is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 4 mm. In addition, the device according to the invention can have hollow threads which are produced from two or more material components, of which only a part may be porous.

When using porous hollow threads with a small wall thickness, devices according to the invention with a high heat exchange capacity are obtained.

For the production of devices according to the invention, porous hollow threads with, for example, an elliptical or triangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal and polygonal cross section can be used, but in particular those with a round cross section, since devices according to the invention produced from porous hollow threads with a round cross section with intersecting porous hollow threads, they essentially only touch one another in a punctiform manner and thus only a small proportion of the total heat exchange surface is lost through these contact points.

The porous hollow thread used can advantageously also be profiled on the inside and / or outside. Also, two, three or more porous hollow threads lying in parallel to each other on their respective contact surfaces, for example by melting, welding, gluing or the like. be firmly connected. Also suitable are porous hollow threads with a cross-section which changes continuously or discontinuously in their longitudinal direction in their shape and / or size, if appropriate periodically. Such porous hollow threads can advantageously influence the mode of operation of the devices according to the invention in various ways. For example, porous hollow threads profiled on the inside and / or outside

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the inner and / or outer heat transfer surface is increased, the kink resistance of the porous hollow fibers is improved and / or the contact surface of the intersecting porous hollow fibers is reduced. Furthermore, the heat transfer performance is further increased by the fact that the heat transfer on the profiled surfaces of the porous hollow fibers is improved by eddy formation in the respective fluid. Porous hollow threads with a non-circular cylindrical shape can also be used to produce devices which are sometimes more compact and / or have a more stable shape.

To ensure good heat conduction through the porous hollow filaments, the wall of the latter should be dimensioned as thin as possible, but still sufficiently thick to meet the mechanical requirements. Porous hollow threads have proven to be advantageous for most purposes, the wall thickness of which is in the range from 0.02 to 0.5 mm. In order to achieve good heat transfer (k number), the cross sections of the porous hollow fibers used should also be dimensioned accordingly.

The loop-shaped or partially loop-shaped arrangement of the porous hollow threads in devices according to the invention is achieved in a simple manner according to the invention in particular in that one or more endless porous hollow threads are moved by means of a winding or rewinding device with one or more thread guides which are moved back and forth parallel to the axis of rotation of the winding device ( n) are wound up, for example, on a perforated tubular bobbin (also called a sleeve or bobbin) and in this way form a single-layer or multilayer bobbin or bobbin.

This arrangement is particularly advantageous since the porous hollow filaments in the ready-to-use state of the devices have the shape of a spatially expanding helix, the porous hollow filaments being advantageously arranged in several layers in order to achieve an easily flowable and dimensionally stable winding package in such a way that the Porous hollow threads of each layer touch the porous hollow threads of the adjacent layers and cross them, if necessary several times. This arrangement of the porous hollow threads ensures a large heat transfer area in a small space, since the porous hollow threads touch each other at the crossing points, but only an insignificant proportion of the heat transfer surface is lost as a result of this mutual contact.

The bobbin receiving the bobbin or bobbin need not necessarily have a circular cross-section, but the cross-section of the bobbin can for example also be elliptical or a polygon, in particular a rectangle with rounded corners. Likewise, the bobbin used to manufacture the bobbin or winding body can also have a cross section that becomes larger or smaller along its longitudinal axis. For example, its outer surface can be conical, diaboloidal, truncated pyramid-shaped with rounded side edges, barrel-shaped, etc., so that the porous hollow filaments wound on such a shaped bobbin generally have a bobbin corresponding in shape to the shape of the respective bobbin. Form the winding body.

In a further embodiment of the devices according to the invention, the porous hollow threads have the shape of a spiral lying in one plane.

The devices according to the invention can, however, also be produced from one or more sheet-like structures which have been produced by a weaving, knitting, knitting or a laying-down method. Such flat structures can also be produced in a quick and simple manner, like the winding or winding bodies.

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For the production of devices according to the invention from bobbins or bobbins, their two front ends can be cast on a short section, measured in the longitudinal direction of the bobbins, for example in a hardenable casting compound, the casting resin, polyurethane and the like. are poured in, the potting compound completely penetrating the winding body in the area mentioned and possibly forming a flange-like extension outside the winding body, which have a larger circumference than the winding body itself. However, such a (flange-like) extension can only be used on one of the two end faces the winding body can be provided. By removing a part of each of these (flange-shaped) end faces into the area of the porous hollow thread, the arc-shaped reversal sections of the individual winding core layers lying on the end faces of the winding core are removed and are thus produced from the original winding core structures which consist of a large number of Several layers of helically formed, intersecting hollow thread pieces exist, the openings of which on the outer, generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the winding body end faces of the remaining part of each of the above-described (flange-like) approaches from a potting compound.

To produce devices according to the invention from flat structures, one or more edges of the flat structures, which may also be superimposed, can be cast in in a suitable manner, for example in casting resin, and the openings of the porous hollow thread in an analogous manner, as already described above for bobbins or bobbins, subsequently exposed.

By appropriately winding, laying or otherwise arranging the porous hollow thread and correspondingly cutting open the winding package, it is possible to produce devices according to the invention in which the inlet openings and the outlet openings of the porous hollow threads are in one and the same plane, but offset, for example, by 180 ° in each case and / or at equal or different distances from each other and are arranged so that all inlet openings are in one half of this level and all outlet openings are in the other half of this level.

It is also possible to produce devices according to the invention which allow any number of fluids to participate in the heat transfer without the individual fluids being mixed with one another.

The devices according to the invention produced from bobbins or bobbins can be equipped, for example, such that the inlet openings and the outlet openings for a first fluid are on one end face of the devices and those for a second fluid are on the other end face of the devices.

For the production of a large number of smaller devices, it is possible to design the winding or winding bodies or flat structures intended for the production of the devices in units, i.e. To divide strips, disks or the like, of the desired size, the porous hollow thread in those areas in which the division is to take place, appropriately beforehand in a suitable manner, for example, as already described, by pouring into casting resin or the like, in their shape and Position can be fixed and their openings can be easily exposed by cutting.

In the context of the present invention, the porous hollow threads can also be cast into a material that is a good conductor of heat, in order in this way to transfer heat from a fluid to the material which is a good conductor of heat or vice versa. The inventive devices designed in this way, which also have, for example, two separate circuits for two fluids to be kept separate, allow heat to be transferred, for example, first from the first fluid to the casting body, which conducts heat well, and from there to the second fluid to deliver. It is also possible with devices of this type, for example, to simultaneously release the heat absorbed by the casting body, which is a good conductor of heat, for example by radiation, into two fluids.

The devices according to the invention are suitable for solving even the most demanding heat transfer problems, such as can occur during evaporation or condensation. In particular, the devices according to the invention are suitable wherever only relatively small temperature differences are available for energy generation, which inevitably necessitate large heat transfer surfaces, which understandably have to be accommodated in the smallest possible space. Because of the favorable corrosion properties of the porous hollow fibers which can be used for the production of the devices according to the invention, the devices according to the invention are particularly suitable for aggressive media, such as acids, alkalis and the like. With a suitable selection of the porous hollow fibers that can be used, due to the known different surface properties of the same, it is possible to use devices according to the invention also for those fluids that tend to form deposits on the tube walls in conventional metal tube heat exchangers.

The devices according to the invention are therefore equally suitable for chemical processes, for energy generation or conversion, in refrigeration technology, in air conditioning technology, in the food industry, for heating living spaces and work spaces, for land, water and aircraft, in particular as oil coolers. as a water cooler for dissipating engine heat or for warming up the fresh air fed into the vehicle interior, as a condenser and as an evaporator, in particular also as a flash evaporator. The devices according to the invention are particularly suitable for heat pump devices in which, for example, heat from the ambient air or from the ground is used to heat living rooms, or as a collector absorbing the sun's heat, such embodiments of the devices according to the invention having proven particularly useful for this purpose which the porous hollow threads are arranged in one layer and are also black.

The devices according to the invention are thus suitable for solving most heat transfer problems with a possible simultaneous mass transfer, i.e. for heat transfer from gaseous fluids to gaseous, from liquid fluids to liquid, from liquid fluids to gaseous and vice versa, from solid substances in which the hollow fibers are cast, to gaseous and / or liquid fluids and vice versa, although it should be noted that the temperatures of the substances involved in the heat exchange are correspondingly limited by the physical and chemical properties of the porous hollow fibers used.

In addition to the suitable polymers already proposed or mentioned, the polyamides, in particular polyhexamethylene adipic acid amide, the polyesters and the polyolefins are also used according to the invention.

Because of their chemical resistance, for example to food, carbonated liquids or the like. polyesters, especially polyethylene terephthalate, are preferred. If chemical resistance is required in addition to good temperature resistance, before 4

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added hollow thread made of polyolefms, especially polypropylene. If higher strength values are desired, the hollow threads are made from polyamides, in particular from polyhexamethylene adipic acid amide.

When dimensioning the devices according to the invention, it should be noted that the smaller the diameter of the porous hollow fibers to be used, the greater the heat transfer area that can be achieved per available volume unit. The amount of heat to be transferred with a constant total flow cross section of all porous hollow fibers and a constant amount of fluid generally also increases with smaller and smaller hollow fiber diameters. It should be noted, however, that in this case the pressure loss in the porous hollow fibers also increases. It should also be noted that the kink resistance of the porous hollow fibers generally decreases with increasing diameter with the same wall thickness. With a suitable selection and dimensioning of the porous hollow fibers which can be used for the devices according to the invention, it is possible to achieve specific heat transfer capacities which can be better, in some cases considerably better than those which can be achieved with conventional metal tube heat exchangers. The selection of suitable porous hollow filaments should, if possible, be carried out in such a way that the thermal resistance through the wall of the porous hollow filaments is essentially negligible compared to the heat transfer resistances occurring inside and outside the porous hollow filaments. This means that porous hollow threads made of a material with relatively good thermal conductivity properties may have a greater wall thickness than those with very low thermal conductivity values.

A "hollow thread" in the sense of the present invention is a hollow cylindrical structure of any length with, for example, circular or elliptical cross-section with a wall thickness which is generally constant in the longitudinal and circumferential directions.

Cross-section of the porous hollow threads, the bobbin or bobbin or the bobbin is understood in the sense of the invention to mean the cut surface which is obtained when a porous hollow thread, a bobbin or bobbin or a bobbin is perpendicular to any point or specified intersects its longitudinal or rotational axis. In the case of a round porous hollow thread, a circular cross section is obtained in this way. In the case of a bobbin or bobbin wound, for example, on a bobbin with a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners, by definition, a rectangular ring cross-section with rounded corners is obtained.

For the purposes of the present invention, loop shape is understood to mean any shape deviating from a straight shape, in particular any type of flat or spatial curvature, the radius of curvature being large enough to prevent the porous hollow threads from buckling. The radius of curvature is generally less than 1 m, but it can also be larger. To achieve the object on which the present invention is based, it is not necessary for all of the porous hollow threads to have a loop shape over their entire length, but it is sufficient if the greater part of the porous hollow fibers is in a loop shape, i.e. if each individual porous hollow thread of the devices according to the invention has a loop shape over the greater part of its length and / or if linear and loop-shaped porous hollow thread are present, as long as the total length of all porous hollow thread and / or hollow thread 650 696

pieces is greater than the total length of all rectilinear porous hollow threads and / or hollow thread pieces.

This loop shape of the porous hollow filaments means that the porous hollow filaments cross each other several times at substantially short intervals and are thus supported against one another, so that each porous hollow filament is generally unsupported only over relatively short length sections, which creates the risk of kinking the porous hollow threads is significantly reduced.

Although the advantages mentioned are generally achieved only by the arrangement according to the invention of the porous hollow threads in devices in which heat is transferred, as described above, it is nevertheless nevertheless fundamentally possible to arrange the porous hollow threads in a known manner, for example in a U-shape or in the form of a bundle of straight, parallel, spaced-apart porous hollow threads and the like.

It is also possible to use other porous hollow threads than the usable devices according to the invention and those already proposed which can produce satisfactory to advantageous results.

Finally, it is possible and in many cases advantageous to use such porous hollow fibers for the production of devices according to the invention in which, in addition to the heat transfer and / or the evaporation of part of the liquid flowing through the porous hollow fibers, filtering on the outer surface of the porous hollow fibers, microfiltration, mass transfer or mass transfer takes place as suggested. Porous hollow filaments which do not have a layer which acts as a membrane, possibly fluid-impermeable, and which therefore have an open-pore surface are generally particularly suitable for this purpose.

On the other hand, in many cases for such, but also other, fields of application, it is advantageous to use hollow fibers which only have an open-pore surface in sections and which have the membrane-like layer already described in more detail above. The optionally interrupted, membrane-like layer can be arranged on the outer and / or inner surface of the porous hollow threads. This layer is particularly advantageously provided only after completion of the winding or winding body, in particular inside the porous hollow filaments.

Finally, it is possible according to the invention to use the devices according to the invention also in the case of heat effects which frequently occur when mixing, dissolving, diluting, chemically reacting, etc., of several reactants, for example by part of a fluid reactant flowing through the hollow fibers through the pores of the Hollow threads emerge and flow into a second fluid reaction partner.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:

1 to 7 cross sections of differently shaped porous hollow thread,

8 to 9 longitudinal sections through non-circular cylindrical porous hollow threads,

10 and 11 in a simplified schematic representation the manufacture of a multi-layer bobbin from a porous hollow thread,

12 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a longitudinal section through a bobbin made of porous hollow threads with flange-like approaches from a casting compound cast onto its end faces,

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13 to 15 in a simplified schematic representation, longitudinal sections through differently shaped bobbins made of porous hollow thread with flange-like approaches from a casting compound cast onto their end faces,

16 shows a simplified representation of a bobbin made of porous hollow thread with only one flange-like attachment made from a casting compound,

17 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a bobbin with flange-like lugs from a casting compound cast on to its two end faces,

18 to 21 in a simplified schematic representation embodiments of the devices according to the invention each using a bobbin from porous hollow thread,

22 to 24 in a simplified schematic representation the manufacture of a bobbin from two porous hollow threads,

25 shows a simplified schematic representation of an embodiment of a device according to the invention using a bobbin produced according to FIGS. 22 to 24,

26 to 31 in a simplified schematic representation different embodiments of hollow fiber bundles, produced from bobbins each with a different cross-sectional shape,

32 to 37 in a simplified schematic representation the manufacture of an embodiment of the devices according to the invention from an essentially disk-shaped winding body made of porous hollow fibers.

Figures 1 to 5 show possible cross sections of profiled porous hollow threads, such as are suitable for devices according to the invention. ..

In the form shown in Fig. 1, the porous hollow thread has a substantially circular cylindrical cavity 27, while on the outside it has a rib-shaped elevation 26 running in its longitudinal direction, which may optionally be made of a different material than the hollow fiber jacket.

The porous hollow thread shown in FIG. 2 also has an essentially circular-cylindrical cavity 27 and four rib-shaped elevations 26 running in its longitudinal direction, optionally made of different materials.

The porous hollow thread shown in FIG. 3 has an essentially three-lobed cross section, the cavity 27 having a shape similar to that of the hollow thread jacket 28, so that this porous hollow thread has an essentially constant wall thickness on its circumference.

The porous hollow thread shown in FIG. 4 has a substantially circular outer shell 29, which has on its inside four rib-shaped elevations 26 which run in the longitudinal direction of the porous hollow thread and protrude into its hollow space 27 and may be made of different material from the shell 29.

FIG. 5 shows a porous hollow thread in which the jacket 28 has a hexagonal ring cross section and the cavity 27 has a hexagonal cross section.

FIG. 6 shows a cross section through a hollow thread structure, which can be produced, for example, by fusing three porous hollow threads with a round cross section at their common contact lines.

7 shows a cross section through a porous hollow thread with a web 29 arranged centrally in the interior of the porous hollow thread and extending in its longitudinal direction. This porous hollow thread thus has two equally large cavities 27 with a semicircular cross section which are separated from one another by the web 29.

8 shows a longitudinal section through a porous hollow thread with an outer diameter or circumference which increases in its longitudinal direction at possibly regular intervals and then decreases again and an inner diameter or cavity circumference which decreases in its longitudinal direction at optionally regular intervals and subsequently increases again. As a result, the porous hollow thread has a jacket 28 with a changing wall thickness in the longitudinal direction of the porous hollow thread.

FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a porous hollow thread with a cross section that increases in its longitudinal direction at regular intervals, the wall thickness of the porous hollow thread remaining constant in its longitudinal direction.

10 and 11, a known device for producing bobbins suitable for the devices according to the invention is shown in a simplified schematic representation. The supplied endless porous hollow thread 1 is wound over a reciprocating thread guide 2 on a rotating perforated bobbin 3, whereby a bobbin 4 is formed which consists of several layers intersecting at a predetermined angle intersecting helically shaped sections of the endlessly supplied and wound porous Hollow thread 1 is constructed.

FIG. 12 shows a longitudinal section of a bobbin 4 produced, for example, with a device described in accordance with FIGS. 10 and 11. The bobbin 4 is provided on its two end faces 5 with flange-like projections 7 made of a hardenable casting compound, which have been brought into the desired shape by centrifugal casting is. By separating part of the flange-like lugs 7 along the lines A and B, the openings of the porous hollow threads of the bobbin 4 can be exposed. The perforated coil carrier 3 allows a radial flow through the coil body 4.

The bobbin 4 shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 13 has been created by uniformly winding an endless porous hollow thread onto a conical bobbin 3 and thereby has a conical shape. In this bobbin 4, the ends of the individual hollow fiber sections are exposed by severing part of the flange-like shoulders 7 (as already described in FIG. 12).

The bobbin 4 shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 14 has been created by uniformly winding an endless porous hollow thread onto a bobbin 3 in the form of a diaboloid and thereby has a diabolic shape itself. In this bobbin 4, the ends of the individual hollow fiber sections are exposed by severing part of the flange-like lugs 7 (as already described in FIG. 12).

The bobbin 4 shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 15 has been created by uniformly winding an endless porous hollow thread onto a barrel-shaped bobbin 3 and thereby has a barrel shape itself. In this bobbin 4, the ends of the individual hollow fiber sections are exposed by severing part of the flange-like shoulders 7 (as already described in FIG. 12).

The bobbin 4 shown in Fig. 16 is formed by uniformly winding an endless porous hollow thread on a circular cylindrical bobbin and thereby has the shape of a circular cylinder itself. This bobbin 4 is provided at one end only with a flange-like extension 7, the ends of the individual hollow fiber sections of the bobbin 4 being replaced by what has already been described

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Removing part of the flange-like extension 7 are only exposed on this one side.

The flow path of a fluid through the porous hollow thread of such a bobbin is similar to that of a U-shaped tube. This means that the inlet and outlet openings for the fluid are in one and the same plane in this bobbin.

Fig. 17 shows a bobbin as it results when the flange-like lugs 7 are partially separated, for example as shown in Fig. 12 along the lines A-A and B-B.

18 shows the use of a bobbin 4 produced according to FIGS. 10 to 12 in a device according to the invention. The bobbin 4 with the flange-like lugs 7 is arranged in the correspondingly dimensioned housing 10. A first fluid 8 passes through the inlet nozzle 11 into the distributor space 16 of the device and from there enters the inlet openings of the porous hollow thread arranged in the bobbin 4, flows through it and leaves it on the opposite end face of the bobbin 4, arrives in the collecting space 17 Device and leaves it through the outlet port 12. The flow through the porous hollow thread is also possible in the opposite direction. A second fluid 9 passes through the inlet connection 13 into the core space 18 of the bobbin 4, which is sealed at its end 15, flows through the bobbin 4 in the radial direction from the inside to the outside and reaches the annular cylindrical collecting space 19, from where it is the device leaves through the outlet port 14.

The first fluid 8 can, as in the embodiments of the device according to the invention described in FIGS. 19 to 21 and 34 to 37, be a liquid and the second fluid 9 a gas or air, for example, which is used when using evaporation or Evaporative cooling absorbs and carries along the liquid vapors generated on the outer surface of the hollow fiber sections. The first fluid 8 can have a higher or lower temperature than the second fluid 9. However, if the passage of fluids through the wall of the porous hollow filaments is not desired, the devices according to the invention can be produced from porous hollow filaments coated with a membrane-like fluid-impermeable layer.

19 shows a device according to the invention, in which the bobbin 4 is provided with a dividing wall 21, which is however arranged in such a way that the free flow cross section of the individual porous hollow filaments is not interrupted thereby. A first fluid 8 flows through the device in the same way as already described in FIG. 18. A second fluid 9 passes through the inlet connection 13 of the device into the annular cylindrical distributor space 20, then flows through the right half of the bobbin 4 in the radial direction from the outside inwards and reaches the core space 18 of the bobbin 4, which is closed at its two ends 15 is. Subsequently, the second fluid 9 flows through the left half of the bobbin 4 in the radial direction from the inside to the outside and reaches the annular cylindrical collector space 19, from where it leaves the device through the outlet connection 14.

20 shows a device according to the invention, in which the porous hollow threads of the bobbin 4 according to FIG. 16 are provided and cut open on one side only with a flange-like extension 7 and the inlet openings and the outlet openings of the individual porous hollow threads are each offset by 180 ° C. are arranged, that is to face each other, ie are arranged similar to that of conventional heat exchangers with a U-shaped design

known pipes ago. In this device, a first fluid 8 passes through the inlet connection 11 into the distributor space 16, from there it enters the interior of the porous hollow filaments of the bobbin 4, flows through them first in one direction and then in the direction essentially opposite thereto, and then reaches the Collector room 17, from where it leaves the device again through the outlet connection 12. A second fluid 9 passes through the inlet connection 13 into the annular cylindrical distributor space 20, from where it flows through the bobbin 4 in the radial direction from the outside inwards and into the core space 18 of the bobbin 4, which is sealed on the end face 15, and leaves from there through the outlet port 14 the device.

FIG. 21 shows a device according to the invention, which combines the essential features of the bobbin 4 shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. The first fluid 8 flows through the porous hollow threads of the bobbin 4 as described in FIG. 20, the second fluid 9 flows around the porous hollow threads of the bobbin 4 as described in FIG. 19.

FIGS. 22 to 23 show, in a simplified schematic representation, a device for producing a bobbin 4 from two porous hollow threads 1 which are fed separately from two bobbins 6 but are simultaneously wound onto a common bobbin 3 by arranging the thread guides 2 offset in the longitudinal direction of the bobbin 4. 23 and 24 can be seen, it is possible to produce a bobbin 4, in which the respective layers of the two porous hollow fibers 1 are wound offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction of the bobbin 4, so that there is one on the end faces of the bobbin 4 Forms region 22, which is formed only by one of the two porous hollow threads. Removing these two areas 22 results in a bobbin having on one side the inlet and outlet openings for a first fluid and on the opposite end face those for a second fluid.

The use of such a bobbin produced according to FIGS. 22 to 24 in a device according to the invention is shown in FIG. 25. In addition, in this embodiment shown in FIG. 25, the bobbin 4 is in a solid or liquid substance 23 that conducts heat well. Such a device allows, for example, the heat from a first fluid 8 to a second fluid 9 using the good ones To transfer heat-conducting properties of the substance 23, the fluid 8 flowing through the corresponding layers of the bobbin 4 formed from a porous hollow thread, for example in the manner shown in FIG. 20, in FIG. 25 this flow path is indicated schematically as a dashed line while the second fluid 9 takes a flow path that is mirror image of this, which is indicated in FIG. 25 by the solid line.

26 shows a bobbin 4 with flange-like projections 7 arranged on its two end faces, the flange-like projections 7 (like those of the bobbin 4 shown in FIGS. 12 to 21) having a larger outer circumference than the bobbin 4. The flange-like ones Lugs 7 and the bobbin 4 have an elliptical ring cross section.

27 shows that a bobbin 4 can not only be cast in at its end faces and cut open accordingly, as described above, but also along one or more of its surface lines. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 27, the porous hollow threads accordingly open into two circular-cylindrical cavities 24 and 25, which, as in the figures already described, are surrounded by a wall made of cast resin, for example

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explained, serve as a distributor or collector space for the fluid flowing through the porous cavities.

Fig. 28 shows a cross section through a bobbin 4, which is obtained when the porous hollow threads are wound on a bobbin 3 with a rectangular cross section with rounded corners.

FIG. 29 shows a cross section through a bobbin 4, which is obtained if a bobbin 4 according to FIG. 28 is poured along two of its surface lines as already described in FIG. 27, for example in casting resin, and then in the manner already described Openings of the porous hollow threads are exposed.

FIG. 30 shows a cross section through a bobbin 4, which can also be produced from the bobbin 4 shown in FIG. 28, and FIG. 31 shows a bobbin as it is described in the same manner as in FIG. 27 4 with a circular ring cross-section.

The embodiments according to the invention shown in FIGS. 27 to 31 are outstandingly suitable for heat transfer from a liquid medium to a gaseous one (e.g. as a car cooler) or vice versa, the liquid medium expediently flowing through the porous hollow threads and the gaseous medium flowing around the porous hollow threads, whereby also depending on the type of porous hollow fibers used, as already described above, it is possible to work with or without evaporative cooling.

32 shows a cross section through an annular winding support 31, as is suitable for producing a disc-shaped winding body from porous hollow threads.

33 shows a possible arrangement of the individual thread sections, for example of an endlessly wound porous hollow thread on the annular winding support 31. The hollow thread sections can be arranged in several superimposed layers, each of which crosses several times.

By casting the outer part of the ring-shaped winding support 31, for example into a hardenable sealing compound and then removing part of the ring-shaped sealing compound approach into the area of the reversing sections 32 of the hollow thread sections, the initially endless porous hollow thread 1 is arranged in a plurality of equally long ones arranged in several layers and intersecting several times Hollow thread sections divided and the openings of the individual hollow thread sections are exposed at each separation point. The outer diameter of the unprocessed part of the annular casting compound approach is therefore generally the same or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the annular winding carrier 31.

FIG. 34 shows in section along the line XXXIV-XXXIV in FIG. 35 a disk-shaped embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which a winding body 4 according to FIG. 33 was used. By appropriately arranging the inlet connection 11 and the distribution spaces 16 and the collector spaces 17 and the outlet connection 12 for a first fluid 8 or the inlet connection 13 and the distribution spaces 20 and the collector spaces 19 and

Outlet connector 14 for a second fluid 9 gives a device with a total of two inlets and two outlets for the two fluids 8 and 9. The fluid flow entering the device through one inlet is divided so that only half of each Partial flow of the fluids 8 and 9, respectively, reaches the two respective outlets connected to the corresponding inlet and is combined there with one half of the other partial flow of the fluids 8 and 9, respectively. This flow pattern is illustrated in FIG. 34 by arrows and four hollow thread sections drawn out as thick lines.

FIG. 35 shows a section along the line XXXV-XXXV through FIG. 34. The ring-shaped winding carrier 31, the ring-shaped extension 7 made of a hardenable casting compound, the winding body 4 and the two opposite distributor spaces 16 for the first fluid 8 can be seen.

36 shows a further possibility of arranging an endless porous hollow thread 1 on an annular winding carrier 31 for producing a hollow thread winding for disk-shaped embodiments of the device according to the invention.

37 shows a cross section through a device according to the invention, in which a winding body according to FIG. 36 was used. The openings of the individual hollow fiber layers were exposed, as already described in FIGS. 32 to 35. In this embodiment, the first fluid 8 passes through the inlet nozzle 11 into the distributor space 16, then flows through the porous hollow threads of the winding body 4, enters the collector chamber 17 and leaves the device through the outlet nozzle 12. The remaining parts of this device correspond to their position numbers according to for example, parts described in FIG. 34. For example, a second fluid participating in the heat transfer flows through the device shown in FIG. 37 in an essentially axial direction thereof.

Thus, while the device shown in FIG. 37 is suitable for heat transfer from one medium to another, in the device shown in FIGS. 34 and 35 a total of three media can participate in the heat transfer. In the device shown in FIGS. 34 and 35, the third medium could, for example, be a solid or liquid substance which conducts heat well, which surrounds the porous hollow filaments from the outside, or a third fluid which flows through the heat exchanger in its axial direction.

The use of the disk-shaped winding bodies described by way of example in FIGS. 33 and 36 is not only limited to the production of essentially disk-shaped devices, but it is also possible according to the invention to arrange a large number of such winding bodies one above the other and in this way to apply any number of fluids the substance and / or heat transfer to participate.

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8 sheets of drawings

Claims (18)

650 696 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Device for heat and / or material exchange between fluid media and / or for filtration thereof, in which the heat and / or material exchange by hollow filament directly or indirectly and the filtration through such filaments always takes place directly, characterized in that the hollow filaments consist of synthetic polymers with 10 to 90% YoL% of interconnected pores and a flat open pore surface, the proportion of openings in the surface being 10 to 90%. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that each individual hollow thread is loop-shaped over most of its length, preferably over its entire length and / or most of all hollow threads, preferably all of the hollow threads. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow threads are helical or spiral. 4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in several layers, the hollow threads in each layer possibly crossing the hollow threads of each of the adjacent layers several times. 5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in the form of a multi-layer bobbin or winding body. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in the form of bobbins or bobbins with a round, elliptical or square ring cross-section with rounded corners. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in the form of bobbins or bobbins with a rectangular ring cross section with rounded corners. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in the form of bobbins or bobbins with a ring cross-section which becomes larger and / or smaller along the longitudinal axis thereof. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hollow threads are arranged in the form of woven, knitted, knitted and / or flat structures produced by a laying process. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, in which the mass transfer takes place indirectly through the hollow threads, characterized in that a layer acting as a membrane is applied to the hollow threads. 11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, in which the mass transfer takes place indirectly through the hollow threads, characterized in that a fluid-impermeable layer acting as a membrane is applied to the hollow threads. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the hollow filaments contain graphite, metal particles, fillers, stabilizers, additives, carbon black and / or color pigments. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the hollow threads have a substantially circular cross-section with an outer diameter in the range from 0.1 to 4 mm. 14. Device according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the hollow filaments have a wall thickness lying in the range from 20 to 500 | xm. 15. The device according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the hollow threads are profiled inside and / or outside. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the hollow threads have a cross-section which changes in their longitudinal direction continuously or discontinuously in their shape and / or size. 17. Device according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the hollow threads consist of two or more material components. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that only a part of the material components is porous.