DE1601185A1 - Exchange system - Google Patents

Description

kus exchanger system The invention is concerned with the design, the production and use of an exchange system for, for example, dialytic, osmotic or thermal (heat exchange) processes.

The exchanger system of the invention is characterized in that it is formed from a bundle of capillaries, with the jacket of each capillary has at least one layer that is used as an application of one or more materials was formed on a support body, and that the intercapillary space of the two End areas of the capillary bundle filled with a hardened potting material is. In particular, the exchanger system of the invention is characterized by that one or more capillary jacket layers applied to the carrier body made of metal.

According to the proposal, the carrier body can be a capillary from a Organic material and the innermost layer of each Form the capillary of the exchanger system. However, it is also within the meaning of the invention the carrier body from the jacket layer applied to it (or the applied coating layers).

In this case, according to the invention, the support body can be a capillary or designed as a solid wire, preferably consisting of organic material be.

In the case of removal of the carrier body, the capillaries of the Exchanger systems have single-layer or multi-layer jackets, in the case the non-removal of the inner carrier capillary are the sheaths of the capillaries of the Exchange system at least two layers.

In the case of the application of metals according to the invention to the carrier body forms this metal part of the capillary in the intercapillary space of the two end areas the capillary bundle is an essential reinforcing agent for the hardened potting material.

In the special sense of the invention it is proposed in these intertapillaries Space additional reinforcement bodies, especially slats, to be poured in.

The cured potting material can be a casting resin within the meaning of the invention a thermosetting plastic (such as epoxy resin); the slats can be made from sheet metal be.

The invention also deals with a type of application of this exchange system, which is characterized by the fact that outer parts of the circumference -des Area of the potted ends of the capillary bundle during practical operation of the exchanger system on parts of the apparatus.

In particular, according to the invention, there are these supporting parts the circumference of the end region of the capillary bundle from the outer brackets of the above-mentioned cast slats, which are preferably parallel to each other are arranged between layers of the capillary bundle and are standing on edge support with their end regions on the apparatus parts, where they forces from the connected to them by the potting material. Capillaries - pick up.

A special proposal of the invention consists in that the capillaries of the exchanger system have at least one metal jacket layer and on their Inside have one or more organic material layers. This organic According to the invention, the material of the inside of the capillaries can consist of thermoplastics, such as poly-olefins (e.g. polypropylene), from rubber derivatives such as neoprene rubber or butyl rubber, or made of silicone rubbers.

The proposed metal layer of these capillaries achieves which is a very corrosion-resistant material of low strength, such as polypropylene, is made resistant to short-term and long-term pressure loads.

In particular, the proposed metal content the Capillary the adverse effect of the so-called cold flow of organic materials avoided.

The features of the invention give an optimization with respect to the manufacturing profitability, service life, corrosion resistance, effectiveness of the from exchanging surface and handling of the exchanger system in practical terms Operation.

The invention is also concerned with manufacturing processes of such an exchange system, which are initially characterized by the fact that one Capillaries (or coated carrier bodies) bundle during or after this bundling in the end regions of the bundle intercapillary, the preliminary stage of the potting material to be cured introduces and seals these intercapillary spaces by curing the precursor. In this last operation, the end faces of the capillaries are in accordance with the invention temporarily closed and then opened.

A special suggestion for the manufacturing process is to that during the bundling of the capillaries in their end area in layers Insert slats.

You can finish the end area with the preliminary stage of the grout to be hardened provided by the fact that the finished bundling with a liquid casting resin one Forgets thermosets Another possibility is that you have one in front of the Curing Meltable substance in powder, sheet or paste form serving the coated carrier body during bundling, then they after bundling, melts through the application of heat and then causes it to harden. The curing can in all cases by the action of heat and / or chemical Reactants are made in a manner known for thermosets, with additional a possible application of vacuum or vibration to avoid trapped Gas bubbles is suggested.

The capillaries of the exchanger system have in the context of the invention an optimal outside diameter in the range of 0.5 to 10 millimeters; they are thus already comparable to pipes in terms of their larger dimensions. The thickness of everyone Layers of a capillary jacket is optimally a few hundredths for the purposes of the invention up to a few tenths of a millimeter.

According to the invention, the capillaries are preferably according to the following Methods generated In each case, a support body in the form of a capillary is first used or a solid wire made of organic material, this manufacturing process is carried out in particular by extrusion or spinning. In case of According to the proposal, the solution is to produce the carrier capillary by spinning or the Melt of the organic spinning substance from an annular gap of the spinneret pressed out with supply of a filling gas within this annular gap.

(Material example: The carrier wire or the carrier capillary can be made from Polyvinyl alcohol, acetyl cellulose, polystyrene, polyolefin).

The further process steps consist in that the carrier body is coated. The coating with organic materials can according to the invention take place by coating the carrier body with a varnish, which is hardened its components and / or evaporation of its solvent content as a jacket layer hardens on the carrier body.

(Material example: A with solvents and catalysts Varnish of a neoprene rubber, which after the evaporation of the solvent over time and / or the action of heat on the carrier body as an enclosing deoprene rubber skin fully vulcanized.

The coating of the carrier body or of the with organic layers provided carrier body with metal happens. in the sense of the invention, for example by the following methods: By precipitation of metal from organic metal compounds (Example of material: thermal decomposition of nickel tetracarbonyl); by electroplating after the carrier body has been rendered conductive (example of material: rendered conductive by reducing silver compounds or by vacuum metal vapor deposition, Electroplating by cathodic precipitation from an aqueous nickel salt solution); by flame spray (Material example; powder metallurgical spraying of metals under argon protective gas).

It is also within the meaning of the invention that there are different metal coatings one after the other on the carrier body or the coated carrier body.

It is also proposed that the carrier body, if he consists of a solid material, or optionally also the inner support capillary removed after coating. this removal is done after the Bundling of all coated carrier bodies, potting their end zones and opening the temporarily closed coated carrier body, provided these capillaries For this purpose, you can use a corresponding solvent for the organsiche Use material of the carrier body or heat to melt the carrier body.

(Examples of materials: hydrogen, polystyrene carrier, solvents a chlorinated carbon / carrier made of polyvinyl alcohol, solvent water, carrier from wax, melting out at elevated temperature.) According to the invention, one can also the applied metal layer is provided with a protective varnish on the outside (material example of the protective lacquer: a multi-component neoprene rubber) Farther can, according to the invention, the metallic or organic inner wall of the tapillary, optionally after removal of the inner carrier body, with one or more layers of lacquer be lined by going through the individual capillaries or through the whole of the exchanger system one (or more) lacquer solutions or thermosetting, curable Pour in casting resins and then allow them to dry out or harden.

Also a lining with metal solder or enamel melt in the case of increased Temperature is possible in the context of the invention.

In the event that the capillaries transport material through their Wall have to meet, it is proposed that the strength-increasing metal layer (or layers) of the capillaries to be porous. It is like that, for example. possible through Electrolytic deposits form a porous metal jacket on the capillary made of organic Material to be achieved when the electrolyte and the electrolytic conditions are set accordingly in a manner known per se.

(Material example: For the use of capillaries for the reverse " Osmosis: releasable auxiliary capillary: polystyrene, this coated with a solution of Acetyl cellulose, which in a known manner is particularly important for the osmotic process can be prepared, optionally several such lacquer layers, making conductive by means of silver vapor deposition in a vacuum, metal deposition through electrolytic deposition from Nickel from an acidic nickel salt solution with relatively high current loads.) S In the drawings, which are shown distorted to scale for reasons of clarity are and which also have a significantly lower number of individual elements (e.g. capillaries or lamellas) own; as used in reality, the principles said explained in more detail.

The drawings and their explanations contain further items the invention.

1 shows an end region in a section parallel to the capillary axis a capillary bundle of an exchanger systema of the invention with the double-layered Capillaries 1 and the hardened potting material 2 in the intercapillary space.

Fig. 2 shows the section perpendicular thereto in the direction of arrows 3 of Fig. 1.

In an analogous manner, Figures 1 'and 2? represent an end area, which additionally contains the reinforcing lamellae 4 cast.

The outer of the two is preferred and within the meaning of the invention Layers 5 and 6 of the capillaries I and 1 ' Metal formed. The connection of this outer metal layer 5 with the hardened potting material 2 forms a particularly strong structural framework within the meaning of the invention, which is shown in FIG is able to absorb very high working pressures in the direction of the capillary axes. According to the invention, this structural framework becomes even more pressure-resistant if, according to Fig. lt and 2 'slats 4 pours, with of course between two slats also several layers of capillaries 1 can be embedded.

Fig. 3 shows the attachment of an end portion of the capillaries of the Exchanger system lte Fig. 1 in an apparatus such that the scope of the Cast structural framework of this end area is attached to parts 7 of the apparatus sealing in the direction of the working pressure (arrow 8). In contrast to Fig. 1, the end area is potted conically, so that a good sealing contact of the circumference of the Sndbereiches to the apparatus parts 7 can be made possible. (The capillaries are only shown in one layer in FIGS. 3, 3 'and 4' for the sake of clarity.) The conical end region shown in Fig. 3 can - also in deviation from Fig. 2 - be designed to be rotationally symmetrical.

Similarly, Figures 3 'and 4' show the attachment of the end area According to Fig. 1 'and 2'. The ends of the lamellae 10 and 11 are on the seal 9 to the Apparatus parts 7'an and take over the main load of the pressure in the direction of the arrow 8th'.

In all previous figures, the capillaries are behind the potted one End zone drawn diverging. In most applications this measure is necessary and is achieved, for example and within the meaning of the invention, by inserted combs In Fig. 5 a complete exchanger system is shown (for the sake of simplicity the capillaries 1 are shown here only as lines.) Since the apparatus housing 7 contains- two chambers 12 and 13, between which a constriction 14 is located. For the purpose of According to the invention, the capillary bundle not only has one at its end regions Grouting with hardened substance 2, but also in the area of the constriction (or several constrictions) 14 of the apparatus. Between these potting areas are the capillaries 1 by spreading combs 15, which between the layers of the capillaries are plugged in, kept apart at mutual distances.

The apparatus parts 16 comprise the cast end regions of the exchanger system 8 and press it against the seals 9.

In the chambers 12 and 13 take place the exchange processes between the intercapillary and capillary space, e.g. condensation of water vapor in a vacuum, the outer surface of the capillaries through which sea water flows will. The chambers 12 and 13 can have two different pressures, the difference between them by bracing and sealing the encapsulated constriction of the capillary bundle is caught at the apparatus constriction 14.

6 shows a section for better understanding through the chamber 12 in the direction of arrows 17, the between the spreading combs 15 lying capillaries 1 are shown in one layer.

The following figures deal with the representation of the generation two-layer capillaries, with the bundling and with the potting of the Endz6nender capillaries, or the double-coated full support body.

7 shows the coating and any removal thereof in cross section of the carrier body. a is the cross-section of a capillary (for example, melt-spun made of polypropylene), au represents the same.

Capillary with a coating (for example one by painting applied acetyl cellulose or, in the special sense of the invention, a metal, such as electrodeposited nickel). a 'is already within the meaning of the invention - Can be used as a component for the exchanger system. b is comparable with a, b 'with a', with the only difference that b a later removable carrier capillary (which for example made of melt-spun polyvinyl acetate). b "shows a third Layer, e.g. a first or second metal coating, which in the presence of the Carrier capillary b, and this is therefore applied at relatively low temperatures has been. b '' 'shows the finished two-layer capillary after it has been removed inner support capillary (removal, for example, by melting out or Triggered by solvents such as chlorinated hydrocarbons).

The c series of the. Fig. 7 shows a modification compared to the b-series, which according to the invention is characterized in that already before the last coating the inner support body is removed. This makes it possible to manufacture capillaries one or more layers of which require higher temperatures to produce them. It is in particular within the meaning of the invention that one on a carrier body -aus organic material deposits a metal layer in the manner described (e.g. by electroplating from an aqueous solution), then the carrier body removed (e.g. by triggering) and then through the remaining metal capillary Processes with higher working temperatures with one or more additional layers provides. According to the invention, in particular the processes of soldering, Enamelling and the fused flux electrolysis proposed, especially for the Creation of a titanium jacket of the capillary, c '' represents one that has been freed from the carrier body Metal capillary represent, c '' 'the same capillary, coated with a jacket, the for example an organic substance (such as neoprene rubber), an enamel layer or, in the special sense of the invention, a second metal (such as one produced by melt flow electrolysis generated titanium layer) represents.

The d-series of FIG. 7 is analogous to the b-series. She knows the The difference is that the carrier body is not a capillary, but a solid wire. The removal of the inner support body can be done on the individual capillary or also can be made in the finished bundle of the exchanger system.

Pig. 7 shows four methods of making a two-layer capillary. The processes for the production of capillaries with more than two run analogously Layers.

Fig. 8 shows in section (and in the first three stages also in the Top view) a method for bundling capillaries (or coated carrier bodies, hereinafter also referred to as capillaries). The bundling shows at the same time the interposition der- reinforcement lamellas in the throat areas.

On the two slats 4 is one or more layers of Capillaries 1 (shown as lines) placed on it in the two end areas again two lamellae 4.1 on top again layers of capillaries 1.1 # on top two Slats 4,2 and so on. The laying on of the lamellas can also be carried out with the application connected to the preliminary stage of the hardenable potting compound (e.g. by brushing on, Spraying or sprinkling on spreadable or powdery thermoset precursors on the end regions of the capillary layers.) The capillary layers can advantageously while-their addition to the bundle of a warp-tree-like winding of a linear one Side by side of long capillaries are pulled off and cut off.

Cutting up the capillaries (or the coated solid supports) can be made by knife cuts or - provided the capillaries have metal jackets own or consist only of metal, by sawing, milling or other machining Processes.

After bundling, the end areas are covered with the potting material to be hardened fill in tightly and harden the latter. For this purpose, the preliminary stage poured in (or the precursor already introduced according to the above - heated and melted) and cured by exposure to time and / or heat. As already said, vacuum and shaking movements can be used here. If necessary, can an external pressure is exerted on the capillaries during the potting process, to achieve tight capillary packing.

It is within the meaning of the invention that during the potting and the Hardening process the ends of the capillaries (provided they are not a full support body contained as a core) are temporarily closed. This happens for example and according to the proposal in the method shown in FIG. In a form 18 (Fig. 9a) first a layer 19 of a release agent, e.g. a viscous silicone resin, introduced (Fig. 9b), the capillary bundle pushed into this layer at the front (Fig. 9cY (capillaries 1 are again drawn as lines) and subsequently the upper room with the preliminary stage of the grout to be hardened poured out (Fig. 8d). After hardening or partial hardening, the mold 18 can be removed (FIG. 9d). The separating agent 19 can then be removed from the capillary ends and by means of a solvent are washed off from their inner lumen (Fig. 8f). In the same way, the opposite side of the capillary bundle are treated.

Finally, the use of the exchange system of the invention will be discussed claimed for dialytic, osmotic, reverse osmotic ("ultrafiltration") in particular, electrodialytic material exchange processes and for heat exchange processes, such as for multiflash distillation (for example seawater desalination) and for Refrigeration.

Claims (1)

Patent claims X-exchanger system, characterized in that it is formed from a bundle of capillaries, with the jacket of each capillary comprises at least one layer that acts as an application of one or more he materials was formed on a support body. 2.) Exchanger system according to claim 1, characterized in -net, that the intercapillary space of the two end regions of the capillary bundle with'einem cured potting material is filled. 5.) Exchanger system according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that that one or more capillary jacket layers applied to the carrier body made of metal. 4.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the support body consists of an organic material (such as polypropylene) is designed and forms the innermost layer of the capillary. 5.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the carrier body consists of the jacket layer applied to it (or of the coat layers applied to him) is removed. 6.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the intercapillary spaces of the two end regions of the capillary bundle are poured in Reinforcement body, in particular slats, included. 7.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that it has outer projections of the cast lamellae, which are in practice Support operation on parts of the apparatus. 8.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the lamellae are practically parallel to each other between layers of the capillary bundle are arranged and cast. 9.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the capillaries have at least one metal jacket layer and one or more Have organic material layers on their inside. 10.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the organic material of the inside of the capillaries consists of a spun, in particular melt-spun thermoplastics, preferably polypropylene. 11.) Exchange system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the organic material of the inside of the capillaries from an interior painting the capillary or external coating of the later removed Carrier body was formed and for example from neoprene rubber, butyl rubber or silicone rubber consists. 12.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the formation of metallic layers on the carrier body by thermal Decomposition of organic metal compounds, electroplating, flame spraying or melt electrolysis takes place. 13.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized in that that the carrier body is initially a capillary or a solid wire, preferably made of consisting of organic material, which, if necessary, after its coating is removed, and that this coating as a secondary support body for further inner and / or outer coatings are used. 14.) Exchanger system according to the above claims, characterized thereby, that the carrier body is coated with enamel on the inside and / or on the outside0 L. e e r e i t e