CH636164A5 - METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FRAME FOR WINDOWS, DOORS OR THE LIKE AS WELL AS A FRAME WITH TWO WINDOWS. - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a frame with at least two panes for windows, doors or the like. At least one film is clamped between panes. The invention further relates to a frame produced by the method with at least two panes.

There are double glazing and insulating glazing with hermetically sealed edge or frame training, as well as double glazing and insulating glazing with a vapor retardant finish and drying agents in the edge area (e.g. U. Reitmayer, "Wooden windows in a craft construction", Stuttgart 1956, pages 56 to 59). In double glazing, it is also known to prevent fogging of the inside of the pane by connecting the inside of the pane to the outside in a manner permeable to water vapor, with either air circulation or vapor pressure equalization taking place by diffusion. Either valves for vapor pressure equalization and / or dust filters are used, which are built into the frame (DE-PS 376 211, DE-PS 504 560). The openings provided in the last-mentioned document serve not only to circulate air to avoid condensate deposits but also to introduce a cleaning device with which, for example, dust can be removed.

It is also known to use one or more plastic panes in multi-pane insulating glass (BE-PS 638 327), or to use reflective layers in the infrared range (BE-PS 689 524; DE-Gmb 16 95 387; DE-PS 1 079 291 ). It is also known to seal the space between the panes in an airtight manner and to fill it with a gas which is heavier than air in order to reduce the heat conduction.

From H. Lueder, “Energy budget in building construction”, Zurich 1976, page 57, it is known to clamp several crystal-clear foils between the glasses. In addition, it has already been proposed to arrange a vaporized film between two panes and to fill the disc cavities with a gas (DE-OS 2 263 353), or to clamp one or more films between vaporized films (DE-OS 2 443 390). In some cases, the inside of the panes and / or the foils were coated with a silicone-based material, so that if the web becomes defective, the condensate does not deposit on the glass surfaces or foils, but on the webs.

The following measures, for example, have been proposed for sound insulation in connection with the glazing: thick panes, several panes of different thicknesses, filling with light or heavy gases, increasing the spacing of the panes, sound absorbing

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materials in the walkway or on the walkway (Gösele / Schüle, "Sound, Heat, Moisture", Berlin-Wiesbaden, 1977, pages 80 and 81), reducing sound transmission in the walkway through damping in the area of the transition from the walkway to the glass and in the jetty (DE-OS 2 445 332), as well as combinations of these measures.

The known double glazing and insulating glazing result in a relatively minor advantage with regard to the k value, that is to say the measure of the heat-insulating properties of glazing, if such improvements are related to the additional costs. If several measures are taken to improve the glazing, the glazing is relatively complex and therefore expensive. In particular, the costs for the vapor deposition of glass panes result in high manufacturing costs. When filling noble gases with a hermetically sealed edge, the glass structures become even more expensive. The hermetically sealed rim poses great problems when a large k-value is required and in connection with a large pane format, since with increasing edge length and increasing temperature difference between the inner and outer pane, which with a good k-value increases correspondingly, that of Increase distortions and movements to be picked up from the frame. A hermetic edge seal not only leads to high costs and considerable damage, which are caused by the various mechanical loads on the edge or Frame connection during transport, caused by fluctuations in air pressure, noise, temperature fluctuations and by operating the windows. When desiccants are used, they begin to saturate very early, often just short of the warranty period, so that the inside of the pane can only be kept free of condensate for a short period of time. One was therefore forced to provide only a relatively small distance between the panes. In addition, a hermetic edge seal is also problematic with regard to the acoustic coupling of the glass panes and the thermal bridge caused thereby.

When using diffusible webs, it was found that this solution only works properly if the panes are not exposed to direct sunlight.

The use of foils is contrary to the fact that so far there are no highly transparent foils that are sufficiently resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Furthermore, it is extremely difficult to clamp films in the glazing parallel to the panes with reasonable effort.

The inventor of the present invention has carried out extensive investigations into the clamping and shrinking of foils and considers this method to be reliable and possible, but too expensive for practice, so that it is not possible to produce glazing with foils economically.

In addition to the changed energy awareness, the changed ideas about the reasonable noise pollution in glazing require better soundproofing properties. An inexpensive solution to both problems is not yet known.

In the case of soundproof glazing, several relatively thick panes only give good k values if the optimal spacing between the panes is maintained. This results in relatively heavy and thick glass packages, which are not only expensive themselves, but also require complex installation measures. In the case of hermetically sealed glass interspaces, the glass edge or the frame must be reinforced, because otherwise the heavy weight of the glasses

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does not allow a hermetically sealed frame. The previously known insulating glasses therefore do not allow large-area glazing without creating an unphysiological indoor climate, which is caused by the low surface temperatures of such glazing and cannot be remedied by heating measures.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method for producing a frame with at least two panes for windows, doors or the like, which has very good thermal and sound-insulating windows, doors or the like, even with the most varied and difficult constructions and design requirements for facades and glazing allowed to manufacture in a very inexpensive manner. The invention is also based on the object to provide frames with at least two panes, for example double and multiple windows, with which a hermetic edge seal is possible in a cost-effective manner, which can be produced easily and also allow larger pane spacings, the edge connection providing an acoustic coupling to avoid the windows and a thermal bridge. In addition, the interiors of the panes should remain free of condensate and dust, and no insects may enter.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the method specified in claim 1. With the method according to the invention, it is possible to manufacture windows, doors or the like with a relatively small pane spacing inexpensively and safely, regardless of the existing installation conditions. Glass-clear films or films provided with a layer reflecting in the infrared range, one for each glass unit or several, can be clamped in parallel by fastening them to a frame according to the invention and then stretching them by pressing on the counter profile.

Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 4. If necessary, additional washers can be used for support, which absorb the clamping forces of the foils. The foils can be stretched by pressing the profiles together. Different profiling of the frame parts results in a different desired prestress, so that different resonances arise. The webs can be supported against the glass edge and form an edge protection. A tape, as is usually used as edge protection for insulating glass, can also be used to hold the glass panes in this state. This creates a compact insulating glass that can be used, sealed and sealed as usual.

This results in an advantageous method for producing windows, doors or the like, in which the foils are arranged flat and parallel between the panes.

The object is also achieved by the frame specified in claim 5 with at least two panes.

If the films are coated with a layer reflecting in the infrared range, it is advantageous to make the coating so thin that there is no color shift.

The design dimensions can be optimally selected according to the sound and heat technology, as well as the economic and design criteria.

In the case of a glass rebate of the usual width, as is the case, for example, with monument protection measures, a narrow edge construction can be chosen, which is either hermetically sealed or formed with a drying agent. A particularly inexpensive solution consists in making the web permeable to steam. This is

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possible if the glass rebate is well ventilated, as is required for ventilated facades and cold roofs. Advantageously, only the part of the glass rebate facing the interior of the building is filled with a vapor-diffusible insulating material and the outer part is ventilated. This prevents condensation from accumulating over a long period of time. In the event of temperature drops, the amount of condensate is only in the order of milligrams. A silicone layer on the inner surface of the glass panes and / or on the foils prevents the condensate from being deposited on the surfaces. A lower surface temperature of the frame in the same air chamber causes the condensate to deposit on the frame and not on the transparent surfaces. A material with a large active surface in the web can bind this amount of moisture until the temperature is steady again. A material that consumes sound energy to improve the soundproofing properties can also take on this function.

In order to reduce the formwork line through the web, the web can be elastically connected to the glass. For the same purpose, the window or facade construction compressing the glass can transmit its forces elastically. The resulting elastic connection can also compensate for the different movements of the pane and the facade.

Appropriate profile formation, as already mentioned above, can result in a different, suitable tension of the individual foils, which receive different natural resonances in this way, so that there are no frequency drops in airborne sound insulation.

When re-glazing, the glass can be attached using tabs attached to the bridge.

The frames can be assembled from prefabricated profiles or can also be profiled afterwards. It is also advantageously possible to use prefabricated profiles and prefabricated corner pieces that are assembled. It is particularly favorable to produce a type of frame depending on the pane format and then to work the individual frames from it.

Depending on the installation conditions, it may be advantageous to let the edges of the panes protrude over the web, to have them closed with the web, to have them bordered by the web or to let the panes project individually or with different widths over the edge.

The method according to the invention permits the production of inexpensive insulating glasses and glazings with clamped foils, a technically and economically advantageous solution resulting in particular from the very good thermal protection properties when using foils reflecting in the infrared range. Due to the simple design, the web construction enables great variability and thus adaptability to different applications, so that economical glazing can also be achieved in this way.

A particular advantage of the present invention is that it is possible to dispense with coatings of the panes which are reflective in the infrared region, which are very expensive, and it is also possible to clamp several films at low cost, so that gas filling and thus hermetically sealed edge formation are dispensed with can be. For example, a k-value of 0.6 (Kcal / m2h grd) was measured in an insulating glass sample made according to the invention with two foils and without glass filling, using 4 mm thick window glass. The very inexpensive clamping of the foils also makes it possible to use several foils which are provided with layers reflecting in the infrared region and which are very thinly coated, so that their energy absorption is relatively low. This enables a color-neutral view without having an adverse effect on the k value.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, air filters are provided which are arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane in the case of glazing without film and between the outer pane and the first film in the case of glazing with films. The air gaps between the outer pane and the inner pane or between the outer pane and the outermost film are ventilated via these air filters. The air filters should advantageously be arranged in the horizontal parts of the frame and impregnated to be water-repellent and dust-binding. A very advantageous material for the air filter is glass fabric, through which no insects can enter the window interior.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the glazing is held by a ventilated surrounding frame, which protects the diffusible web, the air filter and the thermal insulation and makes it possible to install the multiple glass regardless of the wing thickness and to provide it with a sufficiently ventilated glass rebate.

In the case of the ventilated glass rebate, the ventilation openings are advantageously provided in such a way that the penetration of precipitation moisture is largely prevented and any water that may penetrate can flow off directly.

The flow through the air space behind the outermost pane starts especially when the pane is exposed to the sun, because then the layer reflecting in the infrared heats up due to the light absorption and creates a strong buoyancy, which results in the high flow resistance in the air filters and in narrow openings are overcome for acoustic reasons. For acoustic reasons, the interior of the webs and the interior of the ventilation profiles can also be sound-absorbing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the films are provided with a metallization on the surface facing the outside, which protects the film from ultraviolet radiation.

When the frame is designed with air filters, there is no need for a drying agent, so that there are no warranty problems. In addition, it is not necessary to provide a hermetic edge seal, so that here too there are no difficulties with regard to the guarantee and a rigid connection with its own disadvantages is eliminated. In this way, a wide, light web is possible, which, even without a special gas filling, results in a k value with a coating reflecting in the infrared range, which lies above today's insulating glasses. As a result, good sound insulation values are achieved even with relatively thin panes.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

1 shows an embodiment of the frame according to the invention with two foils reflecting in the infrared range, with a vapor retardant closure, drying agents, an air filling and increased sound insulation, the web being acoustically decoupled and not a thermal bridge,

2 shows an embodiment with an infrared-reflecting film, with a vapor retardant finish, drying agents, a gas filling and small installation dimensions,

3 shows a cross section through the lower edge of a glazing, in which an air filter is provided,

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Fig. 4 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of the lower edge of the glazing shown in Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 in supervision the lateral edge termination with a vent.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, approximately on a scale of 1: 1, two disks 1, 2 are connected to two frame parts 5, 6 via elastic connecting parts. The elastic connecting parts 3 and 4 allow a sound-absorbing connection of the panes 1 and 2 to the frame and a relative movement of the panes 1 and 2 to the frame. This prevents breakage under mechanical stress and with different thermal expansion of the frame parts and the panes. Films 8, 9 are glued to the respective outer frame part 5, 6 or to a middle frame part 7. The surfaces of the frame parts 5, 6, 7 facing the respective frame parts are profiled such that they fit into one another. The frame parts 5, 6, 7 are connected with screws 11 via a plate 10. By tightening the screws 11, the profiles 50 of the frame parts 5, 6, 7 are pressed against one another and the foils 8, 9 are thereby stretched. The profiles 50 of the frame parts 5, 6, 7 can be configured in a suitable manner in order to achieve a different tension and thus a different resonance capacity of the foils 8, 9. Optionally, the frame parts 5, 6, 7 can have materials 12, which enable further sound absorption and thermal insulation of the individual frame parts and thus of the overall frame. Moisture-absorbing agents can be applied to the inner surface of the frame parts 5, 6, 7 or they can be provided with a silicone layer. An infrared reflecting layer is indicated on the foils 8.9.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, importance was attached to small installation dimensions. Here, too, a film 8 is clamped between two frame parts 5, 6. The frame parts 5, 6 are provided on their sides facing away from the air space with mutually parallel surfaces 21, 22 which are connected with a sealing material 23, so that the interior between the panes 1 and 2 is sealed airtight.

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is closed. In this exemplary embodiment, too, one frame part 5 and / or the other frame part 6 is equipped with a drying agent 13. A surrounding frame 24 is provided around the edges of panes 1 and 2 and the outer edge of the frame.

3 and 4, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals. The parts already described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 are not to be explained again in FIGS. 3 and 4.

The air space 35 lying between the film 8 and the outer pane 2 communicates via an opening 32, an opening 33 and a sound-absorbing air filter 31 in the frame part 6 with the interior of a glass rebate 34, which in turn communicates with the exterior via a further opening 36 stands. The double glass is inserted in a window sash, for example 58 mm thick. The inner pane is padded against the frame, and the remaining depth of the fold is filled with a material 40 in a heat-insulating but diffusible manner, so that the bond between the inner pane and the frame is substantially more vapor-tight than this filling 40, which is approximately to the middle the depth of the double glass or to the level of the room-side boundary of the outer air layer is sufficient. The outer part of the double glass is washed by the air flow in the profile forming the glass fold 34, which is open at the bottom via the opening 36. In the case of wooden windows, the area of the block and the thermal insulation need only be treated with a ventilation base in order to enable the moisture exchange between the air and the wood. The plate 40 connects the two frame parts 37, 38 to one another, for example by screws 39, and absorbs the force that tensions the film.

The embodiment shown in Fig. 4 corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, but measures are provided that carry a heavier window calculation. Larger, heavier panes 2 can be supported by additionally installed profile sections 41.

Finally, the lateral marginal seal 51 with a ventilation opening 52 is shown in a top view in FIG. 5.

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2 sheets of drawings

Claims (15)

636164 PATENT CLAIMS 1. A method for producing a frame with at least two panes for windows, doors or the like, wherein at least one film is clamped between panes, characterized in that a) at least two frame parts (5, 6) are provided, b) the frame parts (5, 6) are provided with profiles (50), c) the foils (8 or 9) are each attached to the individual frame parts (5, 6), d) the individual frame parts (5, 6) are put together to form a frame, and e) the foils (8, 9) when the frame parts (5, 6) are pressed together by the profilings (50) provided on the individual frame parts (5, 6) be excited. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the film a) attached to the corresponding frame part by adhesive, b) fixed before the adhesive hardens by pushing a peripheral frame (24) onto the frame part, c) corrected in their position and d) then held in this position until the adhesive has hardened (FIG. 2). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the films (8,9) are stretched by pressing the profiles (50) together. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the case of a plurality of foils, additional tension-absorbing discs are used between the same. 5. Frame with at least two panes, produced by the method according to claim 1, characterized by: a) at least two disks (1, 2), b) a frame consisting of at least two frame parts (5, 6), c) profiles (50) on the frame parts (5, 6), d) foils (8, 9) attached to the respective frame parts (5, 6) and arranged parallel to the panes, which between the frame parts (5, 6) under the effect of the profiles when assembling and pressing the frame parts (5, 6) are excited. 6. Frame according to claim 5, characterized in that the films (8, 9) are coated with a layer reflecting in the infrared region, which protect the films against UV radiation. 7. Frame according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a web formed by the frame parts between the outer panes (8, 9) hermetically seals the interiors, the web being designed to act as a vapor retarder and a drying agent is provided in the interior. 8. Frame according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the web is vapor-diffusing. 9. Frame according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the frame parts (5, 6) are designed such that they support one another and transmit the tensioning forces of the foils (8, 9) to the pane edges. 10. Frame according to one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that a vented glass fold (34) is provided (Fig. 3 or 4). 11. Frame according to claim 10, characterized in that a material with a large active surface or large capillary capacity is provided on the inside of the outer web. 12. Frame according to one of claims 5,6,8 to 11, characterized in that the space between the outer pane (2) and the outermost film (8) is ventilated via an air filter (31) (Fig. 4). 13. Frame according to claim 12, characterized in that the air filter (31) consisting of glass fabric and allowing only a small passage of air and sound is water-repellent and dust-binding impregnated. 14. Frame according to claim 10, characterized in that the inside of the glass rebate (34) is covered with sound-absorbing material. 15. Frame according to one of claims 5 to 13, characterized in that on the inside of the pane (2), which is seen from the outside from the most outer film (8), a film is applied with an adhesive that essentially does not transmit ultraviolet radiation (FIG. 4).