CH635993A5 - ELASTIC TRIM ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR A SEAT. - Google Patents
ELASTIC TRIM ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR A SEAT. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CH635993A5 CH635993A5 CH13580A CH13580A CH635993A5 CH 635993 A5 CH635993 A5 CH 635993A5 CH 13580 A CH13580 A CH 13580A CH 13580 A CH13580 A CH 13580A CH 635993 A5 CH635993 A5 CH 635993A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- foam
- element according
- cover
- sheet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/24—Upholstered seats
- A47C7/26—Upholstered seats with reinforcement of the external layer of the upholstery, e.g. vandal resistant
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/02—Seat parts
- A47C7/28—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type
- A47C7/282—Seat parts with tensioned springs, e.g. of flat type with mesh-like supports, e.g. elastomeric membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
- B32B2266/0235—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2601/00—Upholstery
Landscapes
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
- Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
- Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un élément de garniture notamment pour des sièges utilisés par exemple dans les lieux publics et, en particulier, dans les véhicules de transport en commun. The present invention relates to a trim element in particular for seats used for example in public places and, in particular, in public transport vehicles.
En effet, on a constaté à l'usage que le mobilier équipant les édifices publics ou les véhicules de transport en commun faisait continuellement l'objet d'actes de vandalisme et se trouvait ainsi fréquemment détérioré et rendu impropre à l'usage. In fact, it has been found in use that the furniture equipping public buildings or public transport vehicles is continuously subject to acts of vandalism and is thus frequently deteriorated and rendered unfit for use.
Ainsi, par exemple, les garnitures des sièges à usage public sont bien souvent lacérées au moyen de couteaux ou d'autres objets et doivent fréquemment être remplacées. Thus, for example, the upholstery of seats for public use is very often torn with knives or other objects and must frequently be replaced.
On sait que de telles garnitures comprennent en général une couverture extérieure en tissu, ou en matière plastique, qui vient recouvrir un rembourrage élastique, par exemple en crin, en kapok ou en mousse de matière plastique, qui, selon son épaisseur et le type de siège considéré, repose soit sur un fond rigide, soit sur des sangles fixées sur une armature, ou même sur un assemblage de ressorts. We know that such linings generally include an outer cover of fabric, or plastic, which covers an elastic padding, for example horsehair, kapok or plastic foam, which, depending on its thickness and the type of seat considered, rests either on a rigid bottom, or on straps fixed on a frame, or even on an assembly of springs.
Il est clair que, du fait de sa nature et de sa faible épaisseur, le matériau servant à la réalisation de la couverture ne peut pas s'opposer à l'action d'un objet tranchant et que, de par sa nature, le rembourrage résiste encore moins à une telle agression et la facilite en permettant la pénétration dudit objet. It is clear that, due to its nature and its small thickness, the material used to produce the cover cannot oppose the action of a sharp object and that, by its nature, the padding even less resists such aggression and facilitates it by allowing the penetration of said object.
Pour supprimer cet inconvénient, l'invention propose tout d'abord d'utiliser une couverture réalisée en une matière plastique élastique armée au moyen d'une nappe continue de ressorts métalliques. To overcome this drawback, the invention firstly proposes to use a cover made of an elastic plastic material reinforced by means of a continuous sheet of metal springs.
Une telle solution permet bien d'éliminer tout risque de lacération; toutefois cet avantage s'effectue souvent au détriment du confort. Such a solution makes it possible to eliminate any risk of laceration; however, this advantage often comes at the expense of comfort.
On propose un élément de garniture élastique permettant d'obtenir: An elastic packing element is proposed, making it possible to obtain:
— un confort comparable à celui que confèrent les garnitures classiques; - comfort comparable to that provided by conventional upholstery;
— une excellente résistance à la lacération, et - excellent resistance to laceration, and
— un mode de réalisation aisé pouvant être automatisé, ce qui permet de réduire considérablement le prix de revient de la garniture, et offre en outre la possibilité de fabrication en grande série par s une main-d'œuvre très réduite. - An easy embodiment which can be automated, which makes it possible to considerably reduce the cost price of the lining, and also offers the possibility of mass production by s very reduced labor.
Pour parvenir à ce résultat, l'élément de garniture selon l'invention est réalisé tel qu'il est décrit dans la revendication 1. To achieve this result, the packing element according to the invention is produced as described in claim 1.
La couche de couverture peut être réalisée en chlorure de polyvinyle compact. Dans ce cas, pour obtenir une bonne liaison entre la io couverture et la mousse de matière plastique, celle-ci consiste en une mousse de chlorure de polyvinyle expansé. The cover layer can be made of compact polyvinyl chloride. In this case, to obtain a good bond between the cover and the plastic foam, it consists of an expanded polyvinyl chloride foam.
Un mode de réalisation de l'invention sera décrit ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, avec référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels: An embodiment of the invention will be described below, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
15 la fig. 1 est une coupe transversale d'un élément de garniture selon l'invention, et la fig. 2 est une vue en perspective éclatée de l'élément représenté fig. 1. 15 fig. 1 is a cross section of a packing element according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the element shown in FIG. 1.
Avec référence aux fig. 1 et 2, l'élément de garniture comprend 20 une couverture élastique 1 réalisée en une couche de chlorure de polyvinyle compact (PVC). Cette couverture 1 devient solidaire d'un réseau 2 formé par une nappe de ressorts métalliques hélicoïdaux, du type de celle qu'on utilise de façon classique dans les sommiers métalliques, au moyen d'une couche 3 de mousse de PVC. Cette 25 mousse de PVC adhère donc fermement à la couverture et enrobe la partie supérieure des spires du treillis. With reference to fig. 1 and 2, the packing element comprises an elastic cover 1 made of a layer of compact polyvinyl chloride (PVC). This cover 1 becomes integral with a network 2 formed by a sheet of helical metal springs, of the type that is conventionally used in metal bed bases, by means of a layer 3 of PVC foam. This PVC foam therefore adheres firmly to the cover and coats the upper part of the turns of the mesh.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le réseau 2 est fixé à sa périphérie à une armature 4 constituée par un cadre en ronds soudés. In the example shown, the network 2 is fixed at its periphery to a frame 4 constituted by a welded round frame.
Il est clair qu'un tel montage permet de cumuler les propriétés 30 d'élasticité propres à la couverture 1, à la couche en mousse de PVC 3 et au réseau élastique 2. En outre, la couche intermédiaire de mousse de PVC 3 évite que l'on ressente les spires du niveau 2, par exemple lorsqu'on se trouve assis sur la garniture. Elle assure en outre le maintien et la bonne tenue de la couverture. It is clear that such an assembly makes it possible to combine the elasticity properties specific to the cover 1, to the layer of PVC foam 3 and to the elastic network 2. In addition, the intermediate layer of PVC foam 3 prevents you feel the turns of level 2, for example when you are seated on the lining. It also ensures the maintenance and good performance of the cover.
35 En effet, dans le cas où cette couche intermédiaire n'existe pas et où le réseau élastique est directement relié à la couverture par le sommet de ses spires, la couverture tend à se déformer en creux entre chacun des points de fixation et l'aspect extérieur de la garniture devient inesthétique. 35 Indeed, in the case where this intermediate layer does not exist and where the elastic network is directly connected to the cover by the top of its turns, the cover tends to deform in a hollow between each of the fixing points and the exterior appearance of the trim becomes unsightly.
40 Par contre, dans l'élément de garniture selon l'invention, la couverture se trouve uniformément supportée par la couche intermédiaire qui, par son élasticité, la ramène après déformation à sa forme d'origine. Un autre avantage d'une telle disposition consiste en ce que, la résistance de l'ensemble constitué par la couverture et la 45 couche intermédiaire étant supérieure à celle qui serait obtenue par le fait d'une seule couche, il est possible de prévoir un réseau élastique moins résistant et, par conséquent, plus léger et moins coûteux. On the other hand, in the lining element according to the invention, the covering is uniformly supported by the intermediate layer which, by its elasticity, returns it after deformation to its original shape. Another advantage of such an arrangement consists in that, the resistance of the assembly constituted by the cover and the intermediate layer being greater than that which would be obtained by the fact of a single layer, it is possible to provide a less resistant and therefore lighter and less expensive elastic network.
Par ailleurs, la résistance à la lacération d'une telle garniture est excellente; en effet: Furthermore, the laceration resistance of such a lining is excellent; indeed:
50 — dans un premier temps, l'action d'un objet tranchant tel qu'un couteau sera tout d'abord contrariée par la couche relativement compacte constituant la couverture 1 ; 50 - at first, the action of a sharp object such as a knife will first of all be thwarted by the relatively compact layer constituting the cover 1;
— la pénétration du couteau sera ensuite stoppée par le réseau métallique 2. - the penetration of the knife will then be stopped by the metal network 2.
55 A ce stade, les efforts transversaux exercés pour découper la garniture seront contenus par les spires du treillis 2 qui retiendront la pointe du couteau. 55 At this stage, the transverse forces exerted to cut the lining will be contained by the turns of the mesh 2 which will retain the point of the knife.
En conséquence, les seules détériorations pouvant affecter une telle garniture consisteront en des fentes, de dimensions limitées, fa-60 cilement recollables. Consequently, the only deteriorations which may affect such a lining will consist of slots, of limited dimensions, easily re-stickable.
On notera que la couche de PVC constituant la couverture 1 peut avantageusement être ignifugée, ce qui confère à l'ensemble de la garniture, en raison de son épaisseur, une très bonne résistance à l'incendie (il en va de même pour la couche 3). It will be noted that the layer of PVC constituting the covering 1 can advantageously be flame retardant, which gives the whole of the lining, due to its thickness, very good fire resistance (the same applies to the layer 3).
65 En cas de rupture d'une des spires métalliques constituant le réseau 2, l'extrémité de cette spire rompue ne pourra que très difficilement traverser la couche superficielle, ce qui élimine le risque de blesser un usager. 65 In the event of the rupture of one of the metal turns constituting the network 2, the end of this broken turn can only very easily cross the surface layer, which eliminates the risk of injuring a user.
3 3
635 993 635,993
Les modes de fixation de la garniture précédemment décrite sur un siège peuvent être très variés et dépendre du type de siège considéré. Cette garniture peut en particulier être utilisée à la façon d'un hamac en raison de ses qualités de souplesse et d'élasticité, ou bien être utilisée comme une garniture classique, par exemple sur une car- 5 casse à ressorts. The methods of fixing the trim previously described on a seat can be very varied and depend on the type of seat considered. This pad can in particular be used in the manner of a hammock because of its qualities of flexibility and elasticity, or else can be used as a conventional pad, for example on a spring casing.
On notera enfin que la fabrication de cette garniture s'effectue comme suit: Finally, it should be noted that the manufacture of this lining is carried out as follows:
— dans une première étape, on moule la couche de PVC compact (couverture 1) à la forme désirée; io - In a first step, the layer of compact PVC (cover 1) is molded to the desired shape; io
— on dépose ensuite sur la face interne de cette couche une couche de mousse de PVC 3, laquelle vient se souder sur la couche de PVC compact, et A layer of PVC foam 3 is then deposited on the internal face of this layer, which is welded onto the layer of compact PVC, and
— on applique, sur la mousse de PVC 3, avant ou pendant la polymérisation, le réseau métallique 2, de manière que la partie supérieure de ses spires soit enrobée dans la mousse 3. - the metal network 2 is applied to the PVC foam 3, before or during the polymerization, so that the upper part of its turns is coated in the foam 3.
Ces différentes opérations peuvent donc être réalisées automatiquement, à l'aide d'un appareillage approprié, de sorte que le prix de revient est de beaucoup inférieur à celui des garnitures classiques réalisées à la main. These various operations can therefore be carried out automatically, using an appropriate apparatus, so that the cost price is much lower than that of conventional fittings produced by hand.
R R
1 feuille dessins 1 sheet of drawings
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7902063A FR2447167A1 (en) | 1979-01-26 | 1979-01-26 | SEAT OR THE LIKE TRIM |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH635993A5 true CH635993A5 (en) | 1983-05-13 |
Family
ID=9221260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH13580A CH635993A5 (en) | 1979-01-26 | 1980-01-09 | ELASTIC TRIM ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR A SEAT. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JPS55101449A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT368748B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE881349A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8000439A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1134964A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH635993A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3001587C2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES488030A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2447167A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2041742B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK76085A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1128212B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL183271C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE431504B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2530440A2 (en) * | 1982-07-22 | 1984-01-27 | Duret Fils Ets M | Upholstery element resisting laceration for seats or the like and its manufacturing method. |
| FR2576200B1 (en) * | 1985-01-21 | 1987-04-03 | Sofanor Sa | ANTI-VANDALISM COVERING FOR SEATS |
| FR2585383A1 (en) * | 1985-07-25 | 1987-01-30 | Zilli Theophile | Tear-resistant multi-layer fabric and process for producing it |
| FR2592334B1 (en) * | 1985-12-27 | 1987-12-18 | Sable | COMPOSITE SHEET FOR SEAT COVERING AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| SE463694B (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1991-01-14 | Tumaset Ab | SEAT SEAT |
| DE3711419A1 (en) * | 1987-04-04 | 1988-10-20 | Grammer Sitzsysteme Gmbh | Cushion part with an insert which protects against vandalism |
| DE3711837C1 (en) * | 1987-04-08 | 1988-02-25 | Grammer Sitzsysteme Gmbh | Upholstery article with a covering protecting against vandalism and method for producing such an upholstery article |
| GB2204235B (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1990-10-03 | Henderson S Federal Spring Wor | Vandal resistant seat |
| AU603209B2 (en) * | 1987-04-29 | 1990-11-08 | Plaskona Industries Pty Ltd | Vandal resistant seat |
| DE19541390A1 (en) * | 1995-11-07 | 1997-05-15 | Happich Gmbh Gebr | Pad body for seats in wide-body vehicles |
| DE29608363U1 (en) * | 1996-05-09 | 1996-07-18 | A.I.T. Metallbearbeitungsgesellschaft mbH, 72275 Alpirsbach | Seat, in particular seat part of a vehicle seat |
| GB2317363A (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-03-25 | C M I | Forming a cut resistant material |
| JP2003011711A (en) * | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-15 | Marunao:Kk | Seat for vehicle |
| CN103419438A (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2013-12-04 | 索秋明 | Steel and plastic composite board |
| EP2778117B1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2015-05-13 | Boxmark Leather d.o.o. | Multi layered covering material and process for making multi layered covering material for elements making furniture more comfortable comprising upholstery, cushions, blankets, and similar elements |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2468558A (en) * | 1945-09-26 | 1949-04-26 | Gustave P Johnson | Tension cushion |
| DE1245707B (en) * | 1961-05-08 | 1967-07-27 | Faure Bertrand Ets | Upholstered cushions for seats or beds and methods of manufacturing the upholstered cushions |
| US3207654A (en) * | 1962-03-16 | 1965-09-21 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Reinforced plastic covering materials |
| US3264034A (en) * | 1964-03-25 | 1966-08-02 | David E Lawson | Load bearing structure |
| DE2158909A1 (en) * | 1970-12-07 | 1972-06-15 | VEB Möbelkombinat Deutsche Werkstätten Hellerau Forschungsinstitut für Holztechnologie, χ 8020 Dresden | Upholstered body |
| US3840269A (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1974-10-08 | Northern Fibre Co | Lattice reinforced foam rubber seat bun and method of molding same |
-
1979
- 1979-01-26 FR FR7902063A patent/FR2447167A1/en active Granted
-
1980
- 1980-01-09 CH CH13580A patent/CH635993A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-15 DE DE3001587A patent/DE3001587C2/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-16 NL NLAANVRAGE8000287,A patent/NL183271C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-17 IT IT67064/80A patent/IT1128212B/en active
- 1980-01-21 CA CA000344103A patent/CA1134964A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-22 GB GB8002035A patent/GB2041742B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-24 AT AT0038980A patent/AT368748B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-24 JP JP640180A patent/JPS55101449A/en active Pending
- 1980-01-24 BR BR8000439A patent/BR8000439A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-25 BE BE0/199111A patent/BE881349A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-25 ES ES488030A patent/ES488030A1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-05-12 SE SE8003551A patent/SE431504B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1985
- 1985-10-03 HK HK760/85A patent/HK76085A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1986
- 1986-01-06 JP JP1986000292U patent/JPS6244720Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE431504B (en) | 1984-02-13 |
| JPS6244720Y2 (en) | 1987-11-26 |
| FR2447167B1 (en) | 1982-01-29 |
| HK76085A (en) | 1985-10-11 |
| NL183271B (en) | 1988-04-18 |
| NL8000287A (en) | 1980-07-29 |
| FR2447167A1 (en) | 1980-08-22 |
| JPS55101449A (en) | 1980-08-02 |
| IT1128212B (en) | 1986-05-28 |
| DE3001587C2 (en) | 1987-04-09 |
| DE3001587A1 (en) | 1980-07-31 |
| IT8067064A0 (en) | 1980-01-17 |
| ATA38980A (en) | 1982-03-15 |
| GB2041742B (en) | 1983-05-05 |
| BE881349A (en) | 1980-07-25 |
| BR8000439A (en) | 1980-09-30 |
| GB2041742A (en) | 1980-09-17 |
| CA1134964A (en) | 1982-11-02 |
| SE8003551L (en) | 1981-11-13 |
| JPS61134343U (en) | 1986-08-21 |
| ES488030A1 (en) | 1980-09-16 |
| AT368748B (en) | 1982-11-10 |
| NL183271C (en) | 1988-09-16 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PL | Patent ceased |