CH436092A - Process for the production of an article with a structure made of carbon fibers - Google Patents
Process for the production of an article with a structure made of carbon fibersInfo
- Publication number
- CH436092A CH436092A CH1089262A CH1089262A CH436092A CH 436092 A CH436092 A CH 436092A CH 1089262 A CH1089262 A CH 1089262A CH 1089262 A CH1089262 A CH 1089262A CH 436092 A CH436092 A CH 436092A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- carbon
- mold
- mass
- coated
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uranyl acetate Chemical compound O.O.O=[U]=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQLRCIFIYCHDKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [N].C1=CC=CC=C1 MQLRCIFIYCHDKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002007 uranyl nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/12—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
- D01F11/125—Carbon
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F11/00—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture
- D01F11/10—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon
- D01F11/14—Chemical after-treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture of carbon with organic compounds, e.g. macromolecular compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/42—Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel
- G21C3/58—Solid reactor fuel Pellets made of fissile material
- G21C3/62—Ceramic fuel
- G21C3/64—Ceramic dispersion fuel, e.g. cermet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gegenstandes mit einem Gefügeaus Kohlenstoffasern Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines genau masshaltigen Gegenstandes mit !einem Gefüge aus Kohlenstoffasern.
Der Begriff Kohlenstoff wird hier und im folgen den auch für Grap benutzt.
Es sind bereits'rschiedene Verfahren zur Herstel lung von Stoffen und Gegenständen bekannt, deren Ge füge aus Koh:lenstoffasern besteht. Die vorliegende Er findung bezweckt, die Gefahr des Verziehens und De- formierens des Gegünsitandes während seiner Herstellung zu vermindern, welche Gefahr besonders gross ist, wenn aus Zellulose gewonnene Kohlenstoffasern verwendet werden. Eine :
solche Deformation kann Schwierigkeiten bereiten, wenn der herzustellende Gegensitand unmittel bar durch Formpressen unter Einhalten genauer Masse in seine endgültige Gestalt gebracht werden soll; durch die Deformation kann eine unerwünschte Nachbearbei tung notwendig werden.
Das Verfahren gemäss der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass Kohlenstoffas,ern geringer Länge in einer Form verdichtet und während oder nach der Ver dichtung in der Form miteinander verbunden werden.
Das Verbinden kann nach bekannten Verfahren durch Niederschlagern von Kohlenstoff auf den Fasern geschehen, wie etwa durch Absetzen aus einem Kohlen wasserstoffgas, oder durch Verkohlen eines harzhaltigen Trinkmittels, oder mittels eines Klebstoffes, :der einen Belag auf der Faseroberfläche bildet.
Die Massnahmen zum Verbinden der Fasern können mehrmals wiederholt werden, auch nach vollzogener Verdichtung.
Das Verfahren kann so ausgeführt werden, dass zu erst eine beliebige Masse synthetischer oder natürlicher organischer Fasern verkohlt wird, dass auf den Fasern ein leichter Überzug von Kohlenstoff durch Niederschlag aus einem Gas erzeugt wird, dass die Masse zerstückelt wird, um den Fasern die erforderliche kurze Länge zu geben, und dann :
die Fasern in einer Form verdichtet und miteinander verbunden werden und daraus der ge- wünschte Gegenstand geformt wird.
Man kann aber auch die Fasern mit einem leichten. Belag eines flüssigen, in der Wärme aushärtenden Har zes versehen, das vordem Verdichten der Fasern vorge- häntet wird, dann -eine Form mixt den mit dem Harz über- zogenem. Fasern füllen und diese unter Druck verdichten, wobei die Temperatur genügend erhöht wird,
damit das Harz aushärtet und dis Masse bindet. Dann wird die ge bundene Masse z. B. bis auf 800 -l000 C in :einer nicht oxydierenden Atmosphäre erhitzt, um das Bindemittel zu verkohlen.
Das Harz mag ein Phenolharz oder Fur- furylalkohol sein und .allgemein in einem flüchtigen Lösemittel, wie Propylalkohol, gelöst werden, das sich beim Härten des Harzes vor der Verdichtung verflüch- tigc.
Die Verdichtung der Fasern kann durch Schütteln vorgenommen werden, besonders, wenn sie sehr kurz .sind.
Das Erhitzen und Pressen kann gleichzeitig erfolgen. In den Gegenstand kann nach bekannten Verfahren noch Kohlenstoff eingelagert werden, um ihm Festigkeit zu verleihen und um seine Gasdurchlässigkeit zu ver ringern.
Nachstehend werden mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. <I>Beispiel 1</I> Eine gewisse Menge Watte wurde durch langsames Erhitzen auf 1000 C in einem Stickstoffofen verkohlt und dann auf Zimmertemperatur abgekühlt.
Ungefähr 4 g des verkohlten Stoffes wurden mit un gefähr 1 g Phenolharz, :das in 40 cm3 Propylalkohol ge löst war, vermischt. Nach teilweisem Verdunsten des Alkohols wurde die Fasermasse mit :
einem Messer in kleine Stücke mit einigen mm Seitenabmessung zerklei- nert, worauf der restliche Alkohol zum Verdunsten ge bracht wurde. Ungefähr 0,
66 g des trockenen Stoffes wurden dann in eine Form mit einem Durchmesser von annähernd 16 mm gepackt und unter einem Druck von 6124 g auf 160 C erhitzt (die Form war mit einem Trennmittel vorher behandelt worden)
und schliesslich abgekühlt. Die erhaltene Tablette hatte eine Dichte von 0,36 g/cm3 und wurde in einer Stickstoffatmosphäre auf 920 C erhitzt, um das Harz zu verkohlen, und einer Behandlung mit Benzol unterworfen,
damit sich Kohlen stoff niederschlägt und in die Maise der Tablette ein- lagert. Dabei wurde per Stickstoff in-FForm von Blasen durch in einer im Wasserbade erhitzten Flasche enth:al- tenes Benzol geleitet und über die Tabletten geführt. Die Einzelheiten waren wie folgt.
EMI0002.0030
Dauer <SEP> der <SEP> Behandlung <SEP> Wasserbadtemperatur <SEP> Ofentemperatur
<tb> 16 <SEP> Std. <SEP> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 830<B>0</B> <SEP> C
<tb> 5 <SEP> Std. <SEP> _ <SEP> 50<B><I>0</I></B> <SEP> C <SEP> 880<B>0</B> <SEP> C
<tb> - <SEP> - <SEP> \WZ <SEP> -Std. <SEP> 500 <SEP> C <SEP> 8600 <SEP> C Die endgültige Dichte des Musters betrug 1,61 g/cm3. Es isst zu bemerken,
dass beim Aushärten eine Druckbelastung gewählt werden musste, die einerseits keine -ungenügende Verdichtung ergab, anderseits aber die Kohlens:toffasern nicht vollständig in Pulver ver- wandelte.
<I>Beispiel 2</I> <I>Anwendung bei nuklearen Brennstoffen</I> Es waren Muster mit genauen Abmessungen in Form von Ringen und Scheiben aus äusserst dichten Ksshlen- sstoffasern mit einem bekannten Gehalt an nuklearem Brennstoff je Vo:lumeinheit (z. B.
U und Th) erforder lich. Zuerst wurde Raumwo:llscharpie durch Eintauchen in Uranylazetatlösung, gefolgt von einer Fällung des Urans mit Ammoniak, mit Uran gefärbt.
Nach dem Trocknen wurde die getränkte Baumwoll- fasermasse in Tablettenform gepresst, durch Erhitzen auf 10000 C verkohlt, während #sie von einer Graphitform gehalten und weiterhin :
gepresst wurde, und dann in der Form bei 8600C mit einerBenzol-Sticksltoffmischung be- handelt, bis sich die Koh lenstoffas@ern miteinander ver bunden hatten und sich ein Kohelnstoffniederschlag mit einer Dichte von ungefähr 1,
5 @g/em3 gebildet hatte. Die Muster wurden in einem Kernreaktor während 84 Stun den bestrahlt und auf Freiwerden gasförmiger Spaltpro dukte untersucht. Die freigewordene Menge war unter den obwaltenden Umständen nicht messbar, d. h. sie war ungewöhnlich klein, was selbstverständlich eine äusserst wünschbare Eigenschaft darstellt.
<I>Beispiel 3</I> 100 g Baumwollscharpie wurden gleichmässig mit 280 g einer wässerigen, 5 g Uranylnitrat enthaltenden Lösung durch und durch getränkt. Die ,durchtränkte Fa sermasse wurde in eine Kie:selsäureröhrcgebracht, durch das während 2 Stunden eine Mischung von Ammonik- gas und Rückstoff geleitet wurde.
Die Ammoniak/Stick- stoffniischung wurde dann durch Wasserstoff ersetzt, und die Röhre wurde langsam während 6 Stunden auf ungefähr 9500 C erhitzt, dann abgekühlt. Nach Erkalten der Röhre wurde .eine Lösung von 5 g eines Phenol harzes in 200 cm3 Propylalkohol in die Röhre gegossen,
und die verkohlte Fasermasse wurde bis zur völligen Durchnässung mit der Harzlösung kräftig beschütte lt. Dann wurde die Fasermasse sdem Rohr entnommen und ausgebreitet, woraauf man den Alkohol bei 600 C ver- dunsten liess. Die Fasermasse wurde dann in kleine Stücke zerkleinert, wovon ungefähr 0,
5 g in einer Me- tallform zu Scheiben von 1,59 am Durchmesser und 0,9 cm Dicke gepresst wurden. Unter Druck wurde die Scheibe auf 1800 C zum Aushärten des Harzes erhitzt. Nach Entnahme aus der Form wurde :
das Muster in Stickstoff gemäss Beispiel 1 verkohlt und während 90 Stunden :ebenfalls laut Beispiel 1 in Benzoldampf bei einer Ofentemperatur von 860 C und einer Wasserbud- teraperatur von 500C behandelt.
<I>Beispiel 4</I> 5,0 g der Faser/Harz-Masse aus Beispiel 3 wurden in eine ringföranige Pressform eingebracht, zu einem Ring von 2,5 cm Länge, 3,8 cm Aussen- und 2,
5 cm Innendurchmesser gepresst und in der festverschlosse- nen Form bei einer Temperatur von 180 C einer Wärmebehandlung-unterworfen. Das Muster wurde dann verkohlst und in einem Benzolofen unter den gleichen Bedingungen weiter behandelt wie in Beispiel 1.
Die Verfahren nach den Beispielen 2, 3 und 4 er-- lauben die Erzeugung eines einen Brennstoff :enthalten den Gegenstandes von beliebiger Gestalt, ,die,sich leicht durch Pressen erhalten lässt.
Es ergeben sich während der Verarbeitung verhältnismässig geringe Grössenver- änderungen, und die Gegenstände weisen daher einen genau bestimmten Gehalt an Uran je Volumeneinheit und genaue. Aussenabmnessungen auf. Die Gegenstände sind in ihrem Gefüge ähnlich denen des Beispieles 1 und haben gute spaltproduktbindende Eigenschaften.
Die Verfahren nach den Beispielen 1 und 3 erfor- dern verhältnismässi-g wenig Manipulationen mit fein gepulverlten Stoffeln, -die U 233 und Th enthalten, und schränken daher ,die Gefahrenfür die Gesundheit :ein.
Es ist noch zu bemerken, dass sich Faserlängen von höchstens 100 Mikron zur Ausführung der Erfindung am zweckmässigsten erwiesen haben.
Method for producing an object with a structure made of carbon fibers The present invention relates to a method for producing an object of exact size with a structure made of carbon fibers.
The term carbon is also used here and in the following for grap.
There are already'rschiedene methods for the production of materials and objects known whose structure consists of carbon fibers. The present invention aims to reduce the risk of warping and deformation of the molding material during its manufacture, which risk is particularly great when carbon fibers obtained from cellulose are used. One:
Such deformation can cause difficulties if the object to be produced is to be brought into its final shape immediately by compression molding while maintaining precise dimensions; the deformation can result in undesired reworking.
The method according to the present invention consists in compacting carbon fibers of short length in a mold and bonding them to one another in the mold during or after the compression.
The connection can be done by known methods by depositing carbon on the fibers, such as by settling from a carbon hydrogen gas, or by charring a resinous drink, or by means of an adhesive: which forms a coating on the fiber surface.
The measures for connecting the fibers can be repeated several times, even after compaction has been completed.
The method can be carried out in such a way that any mass of synthetic or natural organic fibers is first carbonized so that a light coating of carbon is produced on the fibers by precipitation from a gas, that the mass is broken up to give the fibers the required short length To give length, and then:
the fibers are compressed in a mold and connected to one another and the desired object is formed therefrom.
But you can also remove the fibers with a light. A layer of liquid resin that hardens in the heat is provided, which is coated before the fibers are compacted, then a mold mixes the resin coated. Filling fibers and compressing them under pressure, increasing the temperature sufficiently
so that the resin hardens and binds the mass. Then the ge bonded mass z. B. heated up to 800-1000 C in: a non-oxidizing atmosphere in order to carbonize the binder.
The resin may be a phenolic resin or furfuryl alcohol and may generally be dissolved in a volatile solvent, such as propyl alcohol, which evaporates when the resin hardens before compaction.
The fibers can be compacted by shaking them, especially if they are very short.
The heating and pressing can take place at the same time. Carbon can also be incorporated into the object by known methods in order to give it strength and to reduce its gas permeability.
Several exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below. <I> Example 1 </I> A certain amount of cotton wool was charred by slowly heating it to 1000 C in a nitrogen oven and then cooling it to room temperature.
About 4 g of the charred material was mixed with about 1 g of phenolic resin: dissolved in 40 cc of propyl alcohol. After partial evaporation of the alcohol, the fiber mass was with:
a knife into small pieces with a side dimension of a few mm, whereupon the remaining alcohol was allowed to evaporate. About 0,
66 g of the dry fabric was then packed into a mold with a diameter of approximately 16 mm and heated to 160 C under a pressure of 6124 g (the mold had previously been treated with a release agent)
and finally cooled down. The tablet obtained had a density of 0.36 g / cm3 and was heated to 920 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere to char the resin and subjected to a treatment with benzene,
so that carbon is precipitated and stored in the corn of the tablet. In this process, bubbles in the form of nitrogen in-F through a bottle heated in a water bath were passed through old benzene and passed over the tablets. The details were as follows.
EMI0002.0030
Duration <SEP> of the <SEP> treatment <SEP> water bath temperature <SEP> oven temperature
<tb> 16 <SEP> hours <SEP> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 830 <B> 0 </B> <SEP> C
<tb> 5 <SEP> hours <SEP> _ <SEP> 50 <B> <I> 0 </I> </B> <SEP> C <SEP> 880 <B> 0 </B> <SEP > C
<tb> - <SEP> - <SEP> \ WZ <SEP> -Std. <SEP> 500 <SEP> C <SEP> 8600 <SEP> C The final density of the sample was 1.61 g / cm3. It eats to notice
that a pressure load had to be selected during the hardening process which, on the one hand, did not result in insufficient compression, but on the other hand did not completely convert the carbon fibers into powder.
<I> Example 2 </I> <I> Application with nuclear fuels </I> There were samples with precise dimensions in the form of rings and discs made of extremely dense carbon fiber with a known content of nuclear fuel per unit volume ( e.g.
U and Th) required. First, Raumwo: llscharpie was colored with uranium by immersing it in uranyl acetate solution, followed by precipitation of the uranium with ammonia.
After drying, the soaked cotton fiber mass was pressed into tablet form, charred by heating to 10,000 C while it was held in a graphite mold and further:
was pressed, and then treated in the mold at 8600C with a benzene-nitrogen mixture until the carbon fibers had bonded together and a carbon deposit with a density of about 1,
5 @ g / em3 had formed. The samples were irradiated in a nuclear reactor for 84 hours and examined for the release of gaseous fission products. The amount released was not measurable under the prevailing circumstances; H. it was unusually small, which, of course, is a highly desirable quality.
<I> Example 3 </I> 100 g of cotton sarp were evenly soaked through and through with 280 g of an aqueous solution containing 5 g of uranyl nitrate. The soaked fiber mass was placed in a pipe made of silica, through which a mixture of ammonic gas and residual material was passed for 2 hours.
The ammonia / nitrogen mixture was then replaced with hydrogen and the tube was slowly heated to approximately 9500 ° C. over 6 hours, then cooled. After the tube had cooled down, a solution of 5 g of a phenolic resin in 200 cm3 of propyl alcohol was poured into the tube.
and the carbonized fiber mass was poured vigorously until it was completely soaked with the resin solution. The fiber mass was then removed from the pipe and spread out, whereupon the alcohol was allowed to evaporate at 600.degree. The fiber mass was then cut into small pieces, of which about 0,
5 g were pressed in a metal mold into disks 1.59 in diameter and 0.9 cm thick. The disk was heated to 1800 C under pressure to cure the resin. After removal from the mold:
the sample is charred in nitrogen according to example 1 and treated for 90 hours: likewise according to example 1 in benzene vapor at an oven temperature of 860 ° C. and a water temperature of 500 ° C.
<I> Example 4 </I> 5.0 g of the fiber / resin mass from Example 3 were introduced into an annular press mold, to form a ring 2.5 cm long, 3.8 cm outer and 2,
5 cm inner diameter pressed and subjected to a heat treatment in the tightly closed form at a temperature of 180 ° C. The sample was then charred and treated further in a benzene oven under the same conditions as in Example 1.
The processes according to Examples 2, 3 and 4 allow the production of a fuel: contain the object of any shape, which can be easily obtained by pressing.
Relatively small changes in size result during processing, and the objects therefore have a precisely determined uranium content per unit volume and precisely. Outside dimensions. The objects are similar in structure to those of Example 1 and have good fission product-binding properties.
The processes according to Examples 1 and 3 require relatively little manipulation with finely powdered materials containing U 233 and Th, and therefore limit the health risks.
It should be noted that fiber lengths of 100 microns or less have been found to be the most convenient for practicing the invention.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB3282861 | 1961-09-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH436092A true CH436092A (en) | 1967-05-15 |
Family
ID=10344602
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1089262A CH436092A (en) | 1961-09-13 | 1962-09-13 | Process for the production of an article with a structure made of carbon fibers |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT238691B (en) |
CH (1) | CH436092A (en) |
NO (1) | NO119403B (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2189207A1 (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1974-01-25 | Ducommun Inc | |
EP0307968A2 (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-03-22 | Petoca Ltd. | Process for producing high strength carbon-carbon composite |
EP0408435A1 (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Perfection of tools for vapour phase infiltration of a material into the core of fibrous preforms relevant to the making of composites |
EP0430819A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-05 | SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DE PROPULSION (S.E.P.) Société Anonyme dite: | Method of making a composite material part, especially with carbon or refractory fibres and carbon or ceramic matrix |
FR2659949A1 (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-09-27 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR CONFORMING A REINFORCING FIBROUS TEXTURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A PART MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
FR2660591A1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-11 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR CONFORMING PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF THERMOSTRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY OF PARTS IN THE FORM OF SAILS OR PANELS. |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114619680A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-06-14 | 山东节点新材料科技有限公司 | Forming die of bearing outer ring and method for manufacturing bearing outer ring by using forming die |
-
1962
- 1962-09-10 AT AT720862A patent/AT238691B/en active
- 1962-09-13 NO NO145707A patent/NO119403B/no unknown
- 1962-09-13 CH CH1089262A patent/CH436092A/en unknown
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2189207A1 (en) * | 1972-03-28 | 1974-01-25 | Ducommun Inc | |
EP0307968A2 (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1989-03-22 | Petoca Ltd. | Process for producing high strength carbon-carbon composite |
EP0307968A3 (en) * | 1987-09-22 | 1990-07-25 | Petoca Ltd. | Process for producing high strength carbon-carbon composite |
EP0408435A1 (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-16 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Perfection of tools for vapour phase infiltration of a material into the core of fibrous preforms relevant to the making of composites |
FR2649765A1 (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-01-18 | Europ Propulsion | IMPROVEMENT IN TOOLS FOR PERFORMING STEAM INFILTRATION OF A MATERIAL WITHIN FIBROUS PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE PARTS |
US5048807A (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1991-09-17 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Clamping tool for carrying out a chemical vapor infiltration of a material within a fibrous preform during the manufacture of composite parts |
FR2655364A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-07 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A PART OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY TEXTURED WITH CARBON FIBERS OR REFRACTORIES AND CARBON OR CERAMIC MATRIX. |
EP0430819A1 (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1991-06-05 | SOCIETE EUROPEENNE DE PROPULSION (S.E.P.) Société Anonyme dite: | Method of making a composite material part, especially with carbon or refractory fibres and carbon or ceramic matrix |
US5141775A (en) * | 1989-12-01 | 1992-08-25 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Method for the manufacture of a composite material part |
FR2659949A1 (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-09-27 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR CONFORMING A REINFORCING FIBROUS TEXTURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A PART MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
EP0449695A1 (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1991-10-02 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Method of strengthening a fibrous reinforcing texture for the fabrication of a composite material part |
US5154948A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1992-10-13 | Societe Europeene De Propulsion | Method for shaping a fibrous reinforcement texture used in the manufacture of a composite material part |
FR2660591A1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-11 | Europ Propulsion | PROCESS FOR CONFORMING PREFORMS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTS OF THERMOSTRUCTURAL COMPOSITE MATERIAL, PARTICULARLY OF PARTS IN THE FORM OF SAILS OR PANELS. |
EP0452199A1 (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1991-10-16 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Method of strengthening preforms for the fabrication of heat resistant composite material parts, in particular parts in the shape of sails or panels |
US5160471A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1992-11-03 | Societe Europeenne De Propulsion | Process for manufacturing a thermostructural composite by chemical vapor deposition using linking threads |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO119403B (en) | 1970-05-11 |
AT238691B (en) | 1965-02-25 |
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