CA3205872A1 - Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger

Info

Publication number
CA3205872A1
CA3205872A1 CA3205872A CA3205872A CA3205872A1 CA 3205872 A1 CA3205872 A1 CA 3205872A1 CA 3205872 A CA3205872 A CA 3205872A CA 3205872 A CA3205872 A CA 3205872A CA 3205872 A1 CA3205872 A1 CA 3205872A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
borehole
cutting
site
depth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CA3205872A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stanley Reitsma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geosource Energy Inc
Original Assignee
Geosource Energy Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Geosource Energy Inc filed Critical Geosource Energy Inc
Publication of CA3205872A1 publication Critical patent/CA3205872A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F24T10/13Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
    • F24T10/15Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using bent tubes; using tubes assembled with connectors or with return headers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23DPLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23D21/00Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes
    • B23D21/14Machines or devices for shearing or cutting tubes cutting inside the tube
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/01Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
    • B26D1/12Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis
    • B26D1/25Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member
    • B26D1/26Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut
    • B26D1/30Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a cutting member moving about an axis with a non-circular cutting member moving about an axis substantially perpendicular to the line of cut with limited pivotal movement to effect cut
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/16Cutting rods or tubes transversely
    • B26D3/163Cutting tubes from the inside
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26DCUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D5/00Arrangements for operating and controlling machines or devices for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D5/02Means for moving the cutting member into its operative position for cutting
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B29/00Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
    • E21B29/002Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe
    • E21B29/005Cutting, e.g. milling, a pipe with a cutter rotating along the circumference of the pipe with a radially-expansible cutter rotating inside the pipe, e.g. for cutting an annular window
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00Rotary drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04Directional drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03GSPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G4/00Devices for producing mechanical power from geothermal energy
    • F03G4/074Safety arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F11/00Arrangements for sealing leaky tubes and conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/40Geothermal collectors operated without external energy sources, e.g. using thermosiphonic circulation or heat pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • F24T2010/50Component parts, details or accessories
    • F24T2010/53Methods for installation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
CA3205872A 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger Pending CA3205872A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US16/131,156 2018-09-14
US16/131,156 US11085670B2 (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-14 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger
CA3018083A CA3018083C (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA3018083A Division CA3018083C (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA3205872A1 true CA3205872A1 (en) 2020-03-14

Family

ID=67928694

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA3205872A Pending CA3205872A1 (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger
CA3018083A Active CA3018083C (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA3018083A Active CA3018083C (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-20 Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (4) US11085670B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP3623723B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP7480978B2 (enExample)
KR (1) KR102743584B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN110906577B (enExample)
CA (2) CA3205872A1 (enExample)
ES (1) ES2955315T3 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO343262B1 (en) * 2016-07-22 2019-01-14 Norges Miljoe Og Biovitenskapelige Univ Nmbu Solar thermal collecting and storage
WO2018145210A1 (en) * 2017-02-10 2018-08-16 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Canada Multi-channel ground heat exchange unit and geothermal system
CA3175859A1 (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 Schlumberger Canada Limited Wellhead container for a geothermal system
CN111485848B (zh) * 2020-05-12 2025-02-07 陕西四季春清洁热源股份有限公司 一种中深层无干扰地热孔套管新密封装置
CN111678266A (zh) * 2020-06-02 2020-09-18 陕西四季春清洁热源股份有限公司 一种无干扰地热孔取热装置
CN111912127B (zh) * 2020-09-03 2024-11-15 河北工程大学 一种基于中深层地热能的钻孔供热系统
WO2023164276A2 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Ur-Energy USA Inc. System and method of using a thermoplastic casing in a wellbore
US12025351B2 (en) * 2022-06-08 2024-07-02 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Geothermal cooling of a coolant used in a heat exchange equipment
US20250146387A1 (en) * 2023-11-08 2025-05-08 Greenfire Energy Inc. Methods and systems for installing tubulars in wells
DE102023212496A1 (de) 2023-12-12 2025-06-12 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Bohrvorrichtung, Erdbohrsystem und Verfahren zum Erstellen einer Erdbohrung
CN118376014B (zh) * 2024-04-07 2024-11-08 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 一种基于二氧化碳工质的长距离套管式地热能开发装置

Family Cites Families (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1088135A (en) 1911-11-13 1914-02-24 Robert Thomas Fagan Welll-saw.
US1789995A (en) 1926-11-03 1931-01-27 Barkis Bruce Casing cutting and pulling tool
US1927310A (en) 1926-11-16 1933-09-19 Charles R Edwards Well cleaning apparatus
US1801424A (en) * 1928-09-11 1931-04-21 Gray Tool Co Inside casing cutter
US2200172A (en) 1937-07-10 1940-05-07 Howard Clifford Tubing cutter
US2208011A (en) 1939-04-14 1940-07-16 Baash Ross Tool Co Inside tubing cutter
US3283405A (en) 1964-02-05 1966-11-08 Samuel P Braswell Inside pipe cutting tool
US5253722A (en) 1990-12-10 1993-10-19 Laffkas Harry P Impact borer for embedding lines, anchoring cables and sinking wells
AT404386B (de) 1994-05-25 1998-11-25 Johann Dipl Ing Springer Doppelwandiger thermisch isolierter tubingstrang
US5634515A (en) 1995-12-28 1997-06-03 Lambert; Kenneth W. Geothermal heat-pump system and installation of same
US6035949A (en) 1998-02-03 2000-03-14 Altschuler; Sidney J. Methods for installing a well in a subterranean formation
JP3936963B2 (ja) * 2001-10-18 2007-06-27 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 地中熱交換器
US6955219B2 (en) 2003-07-03 2005-10-18 Enlink Geoenergy Services, Inc. Earth loop installation with sonic drilling
US7401641B1 (en) 2004-05-24 2008-07-22 Earth To Air Systems, Llc Vertically oriented direct exchange/geothermal heating/cooling system sub-surface tubing installation means
US20060191719A1 (en) 2005-02-28 2006-08-31 Roussy Raymond J Method of geothermal loop installation
US8136611B2 (en) 2005-02-28 2012-03-20 Roussy Raymond Method and system for installing micropiles with a sonic drill
CZ307561B6 (cs) 2007-04-18 2018-12-05 imka Pavel Ĺ Topný systém s gravitačním čerpacím zařízením a způsob gravitačního podtlakového čerpání tekutin
DE102007054185B3 (de) 2007-11-14 2009-05-20 Herold, Andreas, Dipl.-Ing. Geothermiesonde und Verfahren zu deren Installation
US8118115B2 (en) * 2008-02-22 2012-02-21 Roussy Raymond J Method and system for installing geothermal heat exchangers, micropiles, and anchors using a sonic drill and a removable or retrievable drill bit
KR100880675B1 (ko) 2008-05-01 2009-01-30 주식회사 지앤지테크놀러지 이중 삽입 지열관을 이용한 폐쇄형 지중열교환기 장치 및구성 방법
US9188368B2 (en) 2009-02-04 2015-11-17 Brooke Erin Desantis Geothermal flexible conduit loop single pass installation system for dense soils and rock
CN102483271A (zh) * 2009-04-20 2012-05-30 安佐伊克能源公司 地下连续环路热交换器、利用其的制造方法以及进行加热、冷却或存储能量的方法
EP2253920A3 (en) 2009-05-19 2012-05-09 Thermapan Industries Inc. Geothermal heat pump system
NL1037890C2 (nl) 2010-04-06 2011-10-13 Demar Heiwerken B V Werkwijze voor het in een bodem inbrengen van een langwerpig element
US8672058B2 (en) * 2009-07-14 2014-03-18 Geothermal Technologies, Inc. Method for repairing aberrations along a drill bore wall
US9103603B2 (en) * 2009-10-28 2015-08-11 Tai-Her Yang Thermal conductive cylinder installed with U-type core piping and loop piping
WO2012051338A1 (en) 2010-10-12 2012-04-19 Vermeer Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for installing geothermal energy transfer loops
JP5533620B2 (ja) 2010-12-15 2014-06-25 株式会社大林組 地中熱交換器に係るu字管の地面の掘削孔への建て込み方法
US20130087306A1 (en) 2011-10-09 2013-04-11 Bernard Meredith Winn, JR. Forced Insertion Concentric Ground-Coupled Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pumps
US9109398B2 (en) 2011-10-28 2015-08-18 Mechanical & Electrical Concepts, Inc. Method for forming a geothermal well
DE102012103499A1 (de) 2012-04-20 2013-10-24 Edward Michalik Erdwärmesondenverlegeeinrichtung und Verschlussteil für diese
KR20130129722A (ko) 2012-05-21 2013-11-29 주식회사 한국대체에너지 수팽창부재가 도포된 인케이싱을 이용한 개방형 지중열교환기의 시공방법
US10260778B2 (en) 2013-08-27 2019-04-16 Geovarme As Geothermal power plant
JP6232962B2 (ja) 2013-11-19 2017-11-22 株式会社大林組 管部材の建て込み方法
US20170268803A1 (en) * 2014-05-13 2017-09-21 Charles J Cauchy Direct insertion ground loop heat exchanger
KR101525431B1 (ko) * 2015-03-04 2015-06-09 코텍엔지니어링주식회사 분리형 이음재를 이용한 터파기 전 보어홀 천공 공법
DE102015204609A1 (de) 2015-03-13 2016-09-15 Pfeil Bauträger GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Reparieren von Erdwärmesonden
KR101756753B1 (ko) 2015-04-13 2017-07-11 삼보이엔씨 주식회사 커플링 구조체, 이를 포함하는 지열루프 구조체, 및 지열루프 시공방법
JP2017083053A (ja) 2015-10-27 2017-05-18 有限会社ジェイディエフ 地中熱交換器設置用機材、地中熱交換器及び地中熱交換器設置方法
KR101658572B1 (ko) 2015-11-27 2016-09-21 한국건설기술연구원 지상연장부재의 제거를 이용한 지열교환 파이프의 시공방법
KR101621751B1 (ko) 2015-12-02 2016-05-17 코텍엔지니어링주식회사 가이드를 이용한 터 파기전 지중열 교환기 삽입 공법
KR101640589B1 (ko) 2016-02-01 2016-07-19 송진우 지열용 배관 절단 장치
WO2017156314A1 (en) 2016-03-09 2017-09-14 Geothermal Design Center Inc. Advanced ground thermal conductivity testing
KR20170139739A (ko) 2016-06-09 2017-12-20 코오롱환경서비스주식회사 단일관 밀폐 이음구를 이용한 지열배관 시공방법
US20180056490A1 (en) * 2016-08-26 2018-03-01 Nuwave Industries Inc. Tools and methods for setting a plug inside a pipe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3018083C (en) 2023-08-29
US12320554B2 (en) 2025-06-03
CN110906577A (zh) 2020-03-24
CA3018083A1 (en) 2020-03-14
US11085670B2 (en) 2021-08-10
US20250271178A1 (en) 2025-08-28
US11774145B2 (en) 2023-10-03
ES2955315T3 (es) 2023-11-30
JP7480978B2 (ja) 2024-05-10
KR20200031530A (ko) 2020-03-24
JP2020098089A (ja) 2020-06-25
CN110906577B (zh) 2023-11-03
KR102743584B1 (ko) 2024-12-16
EP3623723C0 (en) 2023-06-07
EP3623723A2 (en) 2020-03-18
US20210333020A1 (en) 2021-10-28
EP3623723B1 (en) 2023-06-07
US20230383999A1 (en) 2023-11-30
US20200088447A1 (en) 2020-03-19
EP3623723A3 (en) 2020-06-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US12320554B2 (en) Method and apparatus for installing geothermal heat exchanger
JP2020098089A5 (enExample)
US8813844B2 (en) System and method for drilling lateral boreholes
US8596386B2 (en) System and method for drilling and completing lateral boreholes
JP5307403B2 (ja) 地中熱交換用uチューブの設置方法及び設置装置
CN103403288B (zh) 用于在岩石钻凿中将管件安装在已钻凿的孔中的方法、系统及岩石钻凿设备
US9631741B2 (en) Casing puller
CN112664200B (zh) 一种复杂工况下水平冻结孔钻孔的方法
CN101575860A (zh) 测斜管埋置施工方法
CN215672048U (zh) 非开挖水平定向钻进铺管施工装置
CN214403592U (zh) 一种大直径暗管系统及其拉管施工系统
CN116348655A (zh) 材料和设备的地下部署方法和系统
JP7385216B2 (ja) 湧水圧測定装置および湧水圧測定方法
US20080164065A1 (en) Construction of a Tubular at a Downhole Location
Varghese et al. A Review on Zero Degree Horizontal Directional Drilling
CN116927799A (zh) 一种拉顶管管道施工方法
JP2024129208A (ja) 貫通位置予測方法
CN115199213A (zh) 护筒埋设用可调节扩孔装置及施工工艺
Nicholas Large Diameter Trenchless Pipeline Construction
CN116537797A (zh) 一种联络通道冷冻法施工工艺及装置
JP2000248884A (ja) 非開削による配管の敷設工法
CA2879946A1 (en) Pipe retriever

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20230707

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20230707

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20230707

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20230707