CA3037781C - Meshing process for two gear elements and drive device implementing such a process - Google Patents

Meshing process for two gear elements and drive device implementing such a process Download PDF

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Publication number
CA3037781C
CA3037781C CA3037781A CA3037781A CA3037781C CA 3037781 C CA3037781 C CA 3037781C CA 3037781 A CA3037781 A CA 3037781A CA 3037781 A CA3037781 A CA 3037781A CA 3037781 C CA3037781 C CA 3037781C
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Canada
Prior art keywords
gear
cylinder
elements
gear element
meshing
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Application number
CA3037781A
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French (fr)
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CA3037781A1 (en
Inventor
Alexandre VEILLON
Frederic Martin
Frederik GIRAUD
Julien FRAIM
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to an engagement method of a first gear element with a second gear element, at least the second gear element being mounted to move between a meshing position and a disengaged position by means of an actuator. The engagement method including a step of driving at least one of the gear elements in rotation so as to establish a non-zero difference in speed of rotation between said gear elements, and a step of controlling the actuator to perform the following in succession: moving at least the second gear element towards the meshing position; on detecting contact between the gear elements, stopping the movement of the second gear element; and on detecting an ideal angular position for engaging said gear elements, moving the second gear element as quickly as possible into the meshing position.

Description

PROCEDED'ENGAGEMENTDEDEUXELEMENTSENGRENAGEETDISPOSITIF
D'ENTRAINEMENTMETTANTENCEUVREUNILLPROCEDE
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la transmission motorisée de mouvements et plus particulièrement un procédé d'engagement de deux éléments engrenage. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'entraînement notamment bien que non exclusivement d'une roue d'aéronef mettant en uvre un tel procédé.
ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION
Dans le domaine de l'aviation, il est désormais prévu d'équiper les aéronefs d'organes d'entraînement en rotation des roues pour permettre le déplacement au sol de l'aéronef sans utiliser ses groupes motopropulseurs.
Des organes d'entraînement montés sur un train d'atterrissage sont décrits dans les documents WO 2011/
023505 et WO 2015/033160. Ces organes d'entraînement comportent un moteur électrique relié à un réducteur dont la sortie est équipée d'un pignon pouvant être à
rouleaux. Le pignon coopère avec une couronne dentée solidaire de la roue d'aéronef. De cette manière, le moteur électrique entraîne en rotation le pignon, qui entraîne à son tour la couronne dentée et donc la roue pour déplacer l'aéronef.
Pour des questions de sécurité, il est prévu, notamment au décollage et à l'atterrissage de l'aéronef, de désolidariser le pignon de la couronne dentée. Pour cela, des moyens d'actionnement assurent le déplacement du pignon entre une position de dégagement dans laquelle le pignon est éloigné de la couronne dentée, et une position d'engrènement dans laquelle le pignon entraîne en rotation ladite couronne.
Toutefois, lors de l'engagement du pignon en rotation sur la couronne, une portion périphérique d'au moins un des rouleaux dudit pignon vient taper sur des portions supérieures de dents de la couronne, ce qui engendre des efforts ponctuels importants remontant dans l'ensemble des organes d'entraînement mais aussi dans la ENGAGEMENT PROCESS FOR TWO GEAR AND DEVICE ELEMENTS
TRAINING SETTING WORK UNILL PROCESS
The present invention relates to the field of motorized transmission of movements and more particularly a method of engaging two elements gear. The invention also relates to a device training especially although not exclusively of a aircraft wheel implementing such a method.
TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of aviation, it is now planned to equip the aircraft with training units in rotation of the wheels to allow movement on the ground of the aircraft without using its powertrains.
Drive units mounted on a train landing gear are described in documents WO 2011 /
023505 and WO 2015/033160. These drive bodies have an electric motor connected to a reduction gear the output is fitted with a pinion which can be rollers. The pinion cooperates with a ring gear integral with the aircraft wheel. In this way, the electric motor rotates the pinion, which in turn drives the ring gear and therefore the wheel to move the aircraft.
For security reasons, it is expected, in particular during take-off and landing of the aircraft, to separate the pinion from the ring gear. For this, actuation means ensure the displacement of the pinion enters a disengaged position in which the pinion is away from the ring gear, and a meshing position in which the pinion drives said crown in rotation.
However, when engaging the pinion in rotation on the crown, a peripheral portion of at least one of the rollers of said pinion hits the upper portions of crown teeth, which generates significant one-off efforts going back to all the drive units but also in the

2 structure du train d'atterrissage de l'aéronef. Pour éviter toute dégradation de ces organes d'entraînement (comme par exemple la rupture d'une dent de la couronne ou bien encore le dysfonctionnement d'un rouleau du pignon), lesdits organes sont généralement surdimensionnés, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de la masse et donc du coût desdits organes.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION
L'invention a donc pour objet de proposer un moyen pour limiter les efforts remontant à travers deux engrenages lors de leur accouplement, et d'obvier au moins en partie aux inconvénients précités.
PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION
A cet effet, l'invention propose un procédé
d'engagement d'un premier élément d'engrenage avec un deuxième élément d'engrenage, au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage étant monté mobile entre une position d'engrènement et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur.
Selon l'invention, le procédé d'engagement comporte l'étape d'entraîner au moins l'un des éléments d'engrenage en rotation pour ménager un écart de vitesse de rotation non nul entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage. .
Le procédé comporte également l'étape de commander l'actionneur pour successivement :
- déplacer au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage vers la position d'engrènement, - quand est détectée un contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, stopper le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage, - quand est détectée une position angulaire idéale d'engagement desdits éléments d'engrenage, déplacer le deuxième élément d'engrenage le plus rapidement possible jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 2 aircraft landing gear structure. For avoid any degradation of these drive components (like for example the rupture of a tooth of the crown or even the malfunction of a roller of the pinion), said organs are generally oversized, which leads to an increase in mass and therefore the cost of said components.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is therefore to provide a means to limit the forces going up through two gears during their coupling, and to obstruct the less in part to the aforementioned drawbacks.
PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
To this end, the invention provides a method engagement of a first gear element with a second gear element, at least the second gear element being mounted movably between a position engagement and a disengaged position using a actuator.
According to the invention, the engagement method comprises the step of training at least one of the elements rotating gear to provide a speed difference of non-zero rotation between said gear elements. .
The method also includes the step of ordering the actuator for successively:
- move at least the second gear element towards the meshing position, - when a contact between the elements is detected gear, stop the movement of the second gear element, - when an ideal angular position is detected commitment of said elements gear, move the second fastest gear element quickly possible to position of meshing.

3 Arrêter le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage dès la détection d'un contact permet de limiter l'effort de contact entre les deux éléments d'engrenage en attendant que lesdits éléments soient en phase pour amener le deuxième élément d'engrenage dans la position d'engrènement.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un vérin ayant une tige pilotée par une servovalve et reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage.
Ainsi :
- une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve permet d'atteindre une pression prédéterminée et de déplacer la tige du vérin vers la position d'engrènement, - une montée de pression jusqu'à un premier seuil permet la détection du contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, une modification du débit de la servovalve permettant alors de stopper le déplacement de la tige du vérin, - une baisse de pression jusqu'à un deuxième seuil pendant une durée prédéfinie permet de détecter une position angulaire idéale d'engagement des éléments d'engrenage, une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve jusqu'à un débit maximum permettant alors d'amener la tige du vérin jusqu'à
la position d'engrènement.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, le premier seuil de pression est sensiblement égal à 30 bars.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le deuxième seuil de pression est sensiblement égal à 20 bars.
De manière particulière, la durée prédéfinie du deuxième seuil de pression est sensiblement égale à 100 millisecondes. 3 Stop moving the second element gear as soon as a contact is detected makes it possible to limit the contact force between the two elements gear while waiting for said elements to be in phase to bring the second gear element into the meshing position.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises a cylinder having a rod driven by a servovalve and connected to the second gear element.
So :
- an increase in the flow rate in the servovalve allows to reach a predetermined pressure and move the cylinder rod to the position meshing, - a rise in pressure to a first threshold allows detection of contact between elements gear, a change in the flow rate of the servovalve then making it possible to stop the displacement of the cylinder rod, - a drop in pressure to a second threshold for a predefined time allows to detect an ideal angular position of engagement of gear elements, increased flow in the servovalve up to a maximum flow then allowing the cylinder rod to be brought up to the meshing position.
According to a particular characteristic, the first pressure threshold is substantially equal to 30 bars.
According to another particular characteristic, the second pressure threshold is substantially equal to 20 bars.
In particular, the predefined duration of the second pressure threshold is substantially equal to 100 milliseconds.

4 L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'entraînement comprenant :
- un premier élément d'engrenage, - un deuxième élément d'engrenage mobile entre une position d'engrènement avec le premier élément d'engrenage et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur, - un moteur entraînant en rotation l'un des éléments d'engrenage, - des moyens de détection d'un contact entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage, - une unité électronique de commande reliée à
l'actionneur, au moteur et aux moyens de détection.
Selon l'invention, l'unité électronique de commande est agencée pour mettre en uvre le procédé précédent.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un vérin ayant une tige reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, une servovalve pilote le vérin et les moyens de détection comportent un capteur de pression.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, le vérin est un vérin hydraulique.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le moteur est un moteur électrique.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le premier élément d'engrenage est une couronne dentée et le deuxième élément d'engrenage est un pignon à rouleaux.
De manière particulière, la couronne dentée est solidaire d'une roue.
L'invention concerne aussi un train d'atterrissage équipé d'un tel dispositif.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative 4 The invention also relates to a device training including:
- a first gear element, - a second gear element movable between a meshing position with the first element gear and a release position using an actuator, - a motor rotating one of the elements gear, - means for detecting a contact between said gear elements, - an electronic control unit connected to actuator, motor and means of detection.
According to the invention, the electronic control unit is arranged to implement the previous method.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises a cylinder having a rod connected to the second gear element, a servovalve controls the actuator and the detection means comprise a pressure.
According to a particular characteristic, the jack is a hydraulic cylinder.
According to another particular characteristic, the motor is an electric motor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first gear element is a ring gear and the second gear element is a roller pinion.
In particular, the toothed crown is integral with a wheel.
The invention also relates to a landing gear equipped with such a device.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
The invention will be better understood in the light of following description, which is purely illustrative

5 et non limitative, et doit être lue en regard des figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement un dispositif d'entraînement selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le deuxième engrenage étant dans la position de dégagement, - la figure 2a est une vue partielle du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 dans laquelle le premier élément d'engrenage et le deuxième élément d'engrenage sont en contact, le deuxième élément d'engrenage étant entre la position de dégagement et la position d'engrènement, - la figure 2b est une vue partielle du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 dans laquelle le deuxième élément d'engrenage est dans la position d'engrènement, - la figure 3 représente schématiquement le procédé
de l'invention, - la figure 4 représente au cours du temps le déplacement de la tige du vérin et la pression régnant à
l'intérieur du vérin lors de la mise en uvre du procédé
de l'invention illustré à la figure 3.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION
PARTICULIER DE L'INVENTION
En référence à la figure 1, un train d'atterrissage d'un aéronef est équipé d'un dispositif d'entraînement D
selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention.
Le train d'atterrissage comprend une jambe comportant un caisson pourvu de moyens de sa liaison à la structure de l'aéronef et une tige coulissant dans le caisson et ayant une extrémité libre pourvue d'un moyeu d'une roue R.
Le dispositif d'entraînement D comporte une couronne 1 dentée comprenant une rangée de dents la. La couronne 1 forme un premier élément d'engrenage solidaire de la roue R de l'aéronef, la couronne 1 et la roue R ayant un même axe de rotation Xl. 5 and not limiting, and should be read with reference to the figures annexed, among which:
- Figure 1 shows schematically a drive device according to one embodiment particular of the invention, the second gear being in the disengaged position, - Figure 2a is a partial view of the device illustrated in Figure 1 in which the first element gear and the second gear element are in contact, the second gear element being between the disengagement position and the engagement position, - Figure 2b is a partial view of the device illustrated in Figure 1 in which the second element gear is in the meshing position, - Figure 3 shows schematically the process of the invention, - Figure 4 represents over time the displacement of the cylinder rod and the pressure prevailing at the inside of the cylinder during the implementation of the process of the invention illustrated in Figure 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
SPECIAL OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, a landing gear of an aircraft is equipped with a training device D
according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
The landing gear includes a leg with a box provided with means of its connection to the structure of the aircraft and a rod sliding in the box and having a free end provided with a hub of a wheel R.
The drive device D has a crown 1 toothed comprising a row of teeth 1a. Crown 1 forms a first gear element integral with the wheel R of the aircraft, crown 1 and wheel R having the same axis of rotation Xl.

6 Le dispositif d'entraînement D comporte également un pignon 2 comprenant une pluralité de rouleaux 2a équitablement répartis autour d'un axe de rotation X2 qui est parallèle à l'axe de rotation Xl. Le pignon 2 à
rouleaux 2a forme un deuxième élément d'engrenage solidaire d'un arbre de sortie d'un réducteur associé à , un moteur électrique.
Le pignon 2 est relié au niveau de l'axe de rotation X2 à une extrémité libre d'une tige T d'un vérin V
hydraulique. Le vérin V comporte un corps C solidaire du train d'atterrissage et à l'intérieur duquel peut se déplacer la tige T suivant un axe Xv orthogonal aux axes de rotation Xl, X2. Une extrémité de la tige T formant piston délimite avec le corps C du vérin une chambre Ch.
La chambre Ch est raccordée via une servovalve Sv à un réservoir Rv contenant un fluide F sous pression. La servovalve Sv permet de réguler une pression P à
l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V, soit un déplacement Dp de la tige T.
Le pignon 2 est ainsi montée mobile entre une position de dégagement illustrée à la figure 1 dans laquelle le pignon 2 est éloigné de la couronne 1, et une position d'engrènement illustrée à la figure 2b dans laquelle le pignon 2 est en phase avec la couronne 1 pour engrener celle-ci.
Une unité électronique de commande UC est reliée à la servovalve Sv, au moteur électrique et à un capteur de pression Cp traversant de manière étanche le corps C du vérin V pour mesurer la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V.
Le procédé d'engagement du pignon 2 avec la couronne 1 va maintenant être détaillé.
Comme illustré à la figure 3, une première étape 10 consiste en ce que l'unité de commande UC contrôle le moteur électrique pour entraîner en rotation le pignon 2 6 The drive device D also includes a pinion 2 comprising a plurality of rollers 2a evenly distributed around an axis of rotation X2 which is parallel to the axis of rotation Xl. Pinion 2 to rollers 2a form a second gear element integral with an output shaft of a reducer associated with, an electric motor.
Pinion 2 is connected to the axis of rotation X2 at a free end of a rod T of a cylinder V
hydraulic. The cylinder V comprises a body C secured to the landing gear and inside which can be move the rod T along an axis Xv orthogonal to the axes of rotation Xl, X2. One end of the T rod forming piston delimits with the body C of the cylinder a chamber Ch.
The Ch chamber is connected via a servovalve Sv to a reservoir Rv containing a pressurized fluid F. The servovalve Sv makes it possible to regulate a pressure P at inside chamber Ch of jack V, i.e. a displacement Dp of the rod T.
The pinion 2 is thus mounted movably between a release position shown in Figure 1 in which the pinion 2 is far from the crown 1, and a meshing position illustrated in figure 2b in which pinion 2 is in phase with crown 1 for mesh it.
An electronic control unit UC is connected to the servovalve Sv, to the electric motor and to a pressure Cp sealingly passing through the body C of the cylinder V to measure the pressure P inside the chamber Ch of the cylinder V.
The process of engaging pinion 2 with the crown wheel 1 will now be detailed.
As illustrated in Figure 3, a first step 10 is that the UC control unit controls the electric motor for rotating pinion 2

7 de façon à ménager un écart de vitesse non nul entre ledit pignon 2 et la couronne 1. L'écart de vitesse est préférentiellement supérieur à 3 rpm (rotation par minute) pour éviter qu'un rouleau 2a du pignon 2 soit en permanence en face d'une dent la de la couronne 1. Cet écart correspond sensiblement à la somme en valeur absolue des imprécisions sur les mesures et les commandes de vitesses de rotation du pignon et de la couronne. Il peut aussi être préférable de limiter cet écart de vitesse ou bien encore le couple délivré par le moteur électrique pour minimiser les efforts au moment du contact entre la couronne 1 et le pignon 2. Cette limitation peut notamment être déterminée en fonction du design du pignon et de la couronne ou bien encore des performances recherchées du dispositif d'entraînement.
Ainsi, un écart de vitesse sensiblement égale à 4rpm est préféré.
Lors d'une deuxième étape 20, le débit de la servovalve Sv est augmenté par l'unité de commande UC
pour atteindre dans la chambre Ch du vérin V une pression P suffisante pour déplacer la tige T du vérin V. Le pignon 2 se déplace alors à une vitesse sensiblement constante vers la position d'engrènement jusqu'à ce que l'un des rouleaux 2a du pignon 2 rentre en contact avec une portion supérieure lb d'une dent la de la couronne 1 (figure 2a). L'écart de vitesse entre le pignon 2 et la couronne 1 étant non nul, le rouleau glisse alors le long de la portion supérieure lb de la dent la.
Dès lors, l'unité de commande UC détecte via le capteur de pression une montée de pression de la chambre Ch du vérin V provoquée par le contact entre le pignon 2 et la couronne 1 qui contraint le déplacement Dp de la tige T. Lorsque la montée de pression est supérieure à un premier seuil Si, l'unité de commande UC modifie, lors d'une troisième étape 30, le débit de la servovalve Sv de P 7 so as to provide a non-zero speed difference between said pinion 2 and ring gear 1. The speed difference is preferably greater than 3 rpm (rotation by minute) to prevent a roller 2a of pinion 2 from being in permanence in front of a tooth of crown 1. This difference roughly corresponds to the sum in value absolute inaccuracies in measurements and orders pinion and crown wheel rotation speeds. He may also be preferable to limit this deviation from speed or even the torque delivered by the motor electric to minimize the efforts at the time of contact between crown wheel 1 and pinion 2. This limitation can in particular be determined according to the design of the pinion and crown or even desired performance of the training device.
Thus, a speed deviation substantially equal to 4rpm is prefer.
During a second step 20, the flow of the servovalve Sv is increased by the control unit UC
to reach a pressure in the chamber Ch of the cylinder V
P sufficient to move the rod T of the jack V. The pinion 2 then moves at a speed that is substantially constant towards the meshing position until one of the rollers 2a of the pinion 2 comes into contact with an upper portion lb of a tooth la of the crown 1 (figure 2a). The speed difference between pinion 2 and crown 1 being non-zero, the roller then slides along of the upper portion lb of tooth 1a.
The UC control unit therefore detects via the pressure sensor a pressure rise in the chamber Ch of jack V caused by contact between pinion 2 and the crown 1 which constrains the displacement Dp of the rod T. When the pressure rise is greater than one first threshold If, the control unit UC modifies, during of a third step 30, the flow rate of the servovalve Sv of P

8 façon à stopper l'avancement de la tige T vers la position d'engrènement. La troisième étape 30 permet ainsi de limiter les efforts de contact entre le pignon et la couronne, et par conséquent de limiter les remontées d'effort dans les différents éléments du dispositif et de la structure du train d'atterrissage. De préférence, le premier seuil Si est sensiblement égal à
30 bars. Cette valeur peut notamment être définie en fonction de la pression nécessaire au déplacement de la tige T du vérin V qui dépend entre autre de la vitesse de déplacement souhaitée et du design du vérin V
(frottements entre la tige T et la chambre Ch du vérin V, A cet effet, une remontée et une descente du rouleau 2a le long de la portion supérieure lb de la dent engendre alors respectivement une montée et une baisse de la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V.
Dès lors, la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V oscille avec des amplitudes supérieures au premier seuil si.
L'avancement de la tige étant limité par le débit de la servovalve et la rotation relative se poursuivant, le rouleau 2a finit donc par ne plus être en contact avec la dent et se trouve entre deux dents. Dans le même temps, la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre arrête alors d'osciller et diminue jusqu'à un deuxième seuil S2. De préférence, le deuxième seuil S2 est sensiblement égal à
20 bars.
L'unité de commande détecte alors, via le capteur de pression Cp, une baisse de pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V jusqu'au deuxième seuil S2. Si la pression reste inférieure au deuxième seuil S2 pendant une durée t prédéfinie, le débit de la servovalve est alors, lors d'une quatrième étape 40, augmenté jusqu'à un débit maximum de façon à déplacer rapidement la tige vers 8 so as to stop the advancement of the rod T towards the meshing position. The third step 30 allows thus to limit the contact forces between the pinion and the crown, and consequently to limit the increases in effort in the various elements of the device and structure of the landing gear. Of preferably, the first threshold Si is substantially equal to 30 bars. This value can in particular be defined by depending on the pressure required to move the rod T of the cylinder V which depends among other things on the speed of desired displacement and design of the cylinder V
(friction between the rod T and the chamber Ch of the cylinder V, For this purpose, an ascent and descent of the roller 2a along the upper portion lb of the tooth then generates respectively a rise and a fall of the pressure P inside the chamber Ch of the jack V.
Therefore, the pressure inside the chamber Ch of the V cylinder oscillates with amplitudes greater than first threshold if.
The advancement of the rod being limited by the flow rate as the servovalve and the relative rotation continue, the roller 2a therefore ends up no longer in contact with the tooth and sits between two teeth. At the same time, the pressure inside the chamber then stops oscillate and decrease to a second threshold S2. Of preferably, the second threshold S2 is substantially equal to 20 bars.
The control unit then detects, via the pressure Cp, a drop in pressure P inside the chamber Ch of jack V up to the second threshold S2. If the pressure remains below the second threshold S2 for a predefined duration t, the flow rate of the servovalve is then, during a fourth step 40, increased to a maximum flow rate in order to quickly move the rod towards

9 la position d'engrènement. De préférence, la durée t est sensiblement égale à 100ms.
Le pignon 2 étant alors sensiblement en phase avec la couronne 1, le déplacement Dp rapide de la tige T du vérin V permet au pignon 2 d'atteindre la position d'engrènement. Dès lors, la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre du vérin V augmente jusqu'à atteindre sensiblement la pression du fluide F contenu dans le réservoir Rv.
La figure 4 illustre le déplacement Dp de la tige T
du vérin V entre la position de dégagement et la position d'engrènement ainsi que l'évolution de la pression P à
l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V au cours des étapes 10, 20, 30, 40.
Il est également possible de déterminer la position angulaire idéale d'engagement du pignon 2 avec la couronne 1 en calculant le moment où ledit pignon et ladite couronne 1 sont sensiblement en phase après qu'un contact ait été détecté entre eux. Différents paramètres sont alors à prendre en compte : dimensions et espacement des dents la de la couronne 1, vitesse de rotation du pignon 2 par rapport à la couronne 1, position du point d'impact du rouleau 2a sur la dent la, etc_ L'inconvénient de ce type de détermination de la position angulaire idéale est que l'exactitude du calcul dépend directement de la position du point d'impact du rouleau 2a sur la dent la, laquelle est purement hypothétique dans ce cas.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit mais englobe toute variante entrant dans le champ de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications.
La position du pignon 2 et de la couronne 1 dans le dispositif d'entraînement D peut notamment être inversée. 9 the meshing position. Preferably, the duration t is substantially equal to 100ms.
The pinion 2 then being substantially in phase with the crown 1, the rapid displacement Dp of the rod T of the V-cylinder allows pinion 2 to reach the position of meshing. Therefore, the pressure P inside the chamber of the cylinder V increases until it reaches substantially the pressure of the fluid F contained in the tank Rv.
Figure 4 illustrates the displacement Dp of the rod T
of the cylinder V between the disengaged position and the meshing as well as the evolution of the pressure P at inside the chamber Ch of the cylinder V during the steps 10, 20, 30, 40.
It is also possible to determine the position ideal angle of engagement of pinion 2 with the crown 1 by calculating the moment when said pinion and said ring 1 are substantially in phase after a contact has been detected between them. Different parameters are then to be taken into account: dimensions and spacing of the teeth la of crown 1, speed of rotation of pinion 2 in relation to crown 1, point position impact of roller 2a on tooth 1a, etc_ The disadvantage of this type of determination of the ideal angular position is that the correctness of the calculation directly depends on the position of the point of impact of the roller 2a on tooth 1a, which is purely hypothetical in this case.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the mode embodiment described but includes any variant entering within the scope of the invention as defined by claims.
The position of pinion 2 and crown 1 in the drive device D can in particular be reversed.

10 Bien qu'ici le deuxième élément d'engrenage soit un pignon à rouleaux, un autre type de pignon peut être envisagé comme par exemple un pignon équipé de dents.
Bien qu'ici le mouvement pour engager le pignon avec la couronne soit un mouvement de translation, un mouvement de rotation peut aussi être envisagé.
L'axe Xv suivant lequel se déplace la tige T du vérin V peut ne pas être orthogonal à l'axe de rotation X1 de la couronne dentée.
De même, si l'engagement entre le pignon et la couronne est ici radial, il peut très bien être axial ou tangentiel (cas notamment des engrenages coniques).
Bien que le vérin V soit ici hydraulique, l'utilisation d'un vérin pneumatique associé à une électrovanne est tout aussi envisageable pour un fonctionnement similaire au mode de réalisation décrit.
Il est également possible de remplacer le vérin V et la servovalve Sv par un actionneur électromécanique, comme par exemple un moteur électrique associé à une chaîne mécanique reliée au pignon. Le blocage du moteur en position ou en vitesse nulle permet alors de stopper le déplacement du pignon. La détection du contact entre le pignon et la couronne peut alors être réalisée en utilisant par exemple des capteurs d'effort agencés dans ladite chaîne mécanique (ponts de jauge) ou bien encore en observant une variation de la puissance électrique délivrée par le moteur (une rotation du moteur va apparaître au moment du contact et impliquer une augmentation du couple nécessaire et donc du courant).
La détection du contact entre le pignon et la couronne peut aussi être réalisée en mesurant la déformation du pignon, notamment via un laser.
Une autre solution est de mesurer directement le déplacement du pignon et d'observer un ralentissement ou 10 Although here the second gear element is a roller sprocket, other kind of sprocket can be envisaged as for example a pinion equipped with teeth.
Although here the movement to engage the pinion with the crown is a translational movement, a rotational movement can also be considered.
The axis Xv along which the rod T of the cylinder moves V may not be orthogonal to the axis of rotation X1 of the toothed crown.
Likewise, if the engagement between the pinion and the crown here is radial, it may very well be axial or tangential (notably the case of bevel gears).
Although the cylinder V is here hydraulic, the use of a pneumatic cylinder associated with a solenoid valve is just as possible for a operation similar to the embodiment described.
It is also possible to replace the V-cylinder and the servovalve Sv by an electromechanical actuator, such as for example an electric motor associated with a mechanical chain connected to the pinion. Engine blocking in position or at zero speed then makes it possible to stop the displacement of the pinion. Contact detection between the pinion and the crown wheel can then be produced by using, for example, force sensors arranged in said mechanical chain (gauge bridges) or even by observing a variation in the electrical power delivered by the motor (one rotation of the motor will appear at the time of contact and involve a increase in torque required and therefore current).
The detection of contact between the pinion and the crown can also be achieved by measuring the deformation of the pinion, in particular via a laser.
Another solution is to directly measure the movement of the pinion and observe a slowing down or

11 un arrêt dudit déplacement en amont de la position d'engrènement via par exemple un capteur de position.
Afin d'éviter la détection de faux contact entre le pignon et la couronne, la détection d'une augmentation ou d'une baisse de pression peut être conditionnée par le déplacement Dp de la tige T du vérin V, via notamment un capteur de position de la tige du vérin.
Le capteur de pression Cp peut être agencé ailleurs que sur le corps du vérin, comme par exemple sur le circuit hydraulique reliant le vérin V au réservoir Rv. 11 stopping said movement upstream of the position meshing via, for example, a position sensor.
In order to avoid detection of false contact between the pinion and crown wheel, detecting an increase or a drop in pressure may be conditioned by the displacement Dp of the rod T of the jack V, in particular via a cylinder rod position sensor.
The pressure sensor Cp can be arranged elsewhere than on the cylinder body, for example on the hydraulic circuit connecting the cylinder V to the reservoir Rv.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS 12 1. Procédé d'engagement d'un premier élément d'engrenage (1) avec un deuxième élément d'engrenage (2), au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) étant monté
mobile entre une position d'engrènement et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur (V), le procédé
d'engagement comportant l'étape d'entraîner au moins l'un des éléments d'engrenage en rotation pour ménager un écart de vitesse de rotation non nul entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage et l'étape de commander l'actionneur (V) pour successivement :
- déplacer au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage vers la position d'engrènement, - quand est détectée un contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, stopper le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage, - quand est détectée une position angulaire idéale d'engagement desdits éléments d'engrenage, déplacer le deuxième élément d'engrenage le plus rapidement possible jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 1. Method of engaging a first element gear (1) with a second gear element (2), at least the second gear element (2) being mounted movable between a meshing position and a position release using an actuator (V), the process commitment including the step of training at least one rotating gear elements to provide a non-zero rotational speed difference between said gear elements and step of controlling the actuator (V) for successively:
- move at least the second gear element towards the meshing position, - when a contact between the elements is detected gear, stop the movement of the second gear element, - when an ideal angular position is detected engagement of said gear elements, move the second fastest gear element quickly possible to position of meshing. 2. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'actionneur comprend un vérin (V) ayant une tige (T) pilotée par une servovalve (Sv) et reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, et dans lequel :
- une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve (Sv) permet d'atteindre une pression prédéterminée et de déplacer la tige (T) du vérin (V) vers la position d'engrènement, - une montée de pression jusqu'à un premier seuil (S1) permet la détection du contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, une modification du débit de la servovalve (Sv) permettant alors de stopper le déplacement (Dp) de la tige (T) du vérin (V), - une baisse de pression jusqu'à un deuxième seuil (S2) pendant une durée prédéfinie (t) permet de détecter une position angulaire idéale d'engagement des éléments d'engrenage, une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve jusqu'à
un débit maximum permettant alors d'amener la tige (T) du vérin (V) jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 2. Engagement method according to claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises a cylinder (V) having a rod (T) controlled by a servovalve (Sv) and connected to the second gear element, and in which:
- an increase in the flow rate in the servovalve (Sv) allows to reach a predetermined pressure and move the rod (T) of the cylinder (V) towards the meshing position, - a rise in pressure to a first threshold (S1) allows the detection of contact between gear elements, a change in the flow rate of the servovalve (Sv) then making it possible to stop the displacement (Dp) of the rod (T) of the jack (V), - a drop in pressure to a second threshold (S2) for a predefined time (t) allows detect an ideal angular position engagement of the gear elements, a increase in the flow rate in the servovalve up to a maximum flow then allowing the rod to be brought (T) of the cylinder (V) to the position of meshing. 3. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le premier seuil (S1) de pression est sensiblement égal à 30 bars. 3. Engagement method according to claim 2, in which the first pressure threshold (S1) is substantially equal to 30 bars. 4. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le deuxième seuil (S2) de pression est sensiblement égal à 20 bars. 4. Engagement method according to claim 2, in which the second pressure threshold (S2) is substantially equal to 20 bars. 5. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la durée prédéfinie (t) est sensiblement égale à 100 millisecondes. 5. Engagement method according to claim 2, in which the predefined duration (t) is substantially equal to 100 milliseconds. 6. Dispositif d'entraînement, comprenant un premier élément d'engrenage (1), un deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) mobile entre une position d'engrènement avec le premier élément d'engrenage et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur (V), un moteur entraînant en rotation l'un des éléments d'engrenage, des moyens de détection (Cp) d'un contact entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage, et une unité électronique de commande (UC) reliée à l'actionneur (V), au moteur et aux moyens de détection (Cp) , caractérisé en ce que l'unité
électronique de commande (UC) est agencée pour mettre en uvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5. 6. Training device, comprising a first gear element (1), a second gear element (2) movable between a position of meshing with the first gear element and a release position using an actuator (V), a motor driving in rotation of one of the gear elements, means of detection (Cp) of a contact between said elements gear, and an electronic control unit (UC) connected to the actuator (V), to the motor and to the detection (Cp), characterized in that the unit control electronics (UC) is arranged to put in operates the method according to any one of the claims 1 to 5. 7. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'actionneur comprend un vérin (V) ayant une tige (T) reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, une servovalve (Sv) pilote le vérin (V) et les moyens de détection comportent un capteur de pression (Cp). 7. Drive device according to claim 6, in which the actuator comprises a cylinder (V) having a rod (T) connected to the second gear element, a servovalve (Sv) controls the cylinder (V) and the detection include a pressure sensor (Cp). 8.Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le vérin (V) est un vérin hydraulique. 8. A drive device according to claim 7, in which the cylinder (V) is a hydraulic cylinder. 9. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le moteur est un moteur électrique. 9. Drive device according to claim 7, in which the motor is an electric motor. 10. Dispositif d'entraînement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel le premier élément d'engrenage (1) est une couronne dentée et le deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) est un pignon à rouleaux. 10. Drive device according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the first element gear (1) is a ring gear and the second Gear element (2) is a roller pinion. 11. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la couronne dentée (1) est solidaire d'une roue (R). 11. Drive device according to claim 10, in which the ring gear (1) is integral of a wheel (R). 12. Train d'atterrissage équipé d'un dispositif d'entraînement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11. 12. Landing gear fitted with a device drive according to any one of the claims 7 to 11.
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DE202019101689U1 (en) 2019-06-14

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