CA3037781A1 - Meshing process for two gear elements and drive device implementing such a process - Google Patents

Meshing process for two gear elements and drive device implementing such a process Download PDF

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Publication number
CA3037781A1
CA3037781A1 CA3037781A CA3037781A CA3037781A1 CA 3037781 A1 CA3037781 A1 CA 3037781A1 CA 3037781 A CA3037781 A CA 3037781A CA 3037781 A CA3037781 A CA 3037781A CA 3037781 A1 CA3037781 A1 CA 3037781A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
gear
elements
meshing
pressure
rod
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CA3037781A
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French (fr)
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CA3037781C (en
Inventor
Alexandre VEILLON
Frederic Martin
Frederik GIRAUD
Julien FRAIM
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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Safran Landing Systems SAS
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    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'engagement d'un premier élément d'engrenage avec un deuxième élément d'engrenage, au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage étant monté mobile entre une position d'engrènement et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur. Le procédé d'engagement comporte l'étape d'entraîner au moins l'un des éléments d'engrenage en rotation pour ménager un écart de vitesse de rotation non nul entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage et l'étape de commander l'actionneur pour successivement : - déplacer au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage vers la position d'engrènement, - quand est détectée un contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, stopper le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage, - quand est détectée une position angulaire idéale d'engagement desdits éléments d'engrenage, déplacer le deuxième élément d'engrenage le plus rapidement possible jusqu'à la position d'engrènement.A method of engaging a first gear member with a second gear member, at least the second gear member being movably mounted between a meshing position and a disengaged position. using an actuator. The engagement method comprises the step of driving at least one of the gear elements in rotation to provide a non-zero rotational speed difference between said gear elements and the step of controlling the actuator to successively: - move at least the second gear element towards the meshing position, - when contact between the gear elements is detected, stop the movement of the second gear element, - when an ideal angular position is detected engagement of said gear elements, moving the second gear element as quickly as possible to the engagement position.

Description

PROCEDED'ENGAGEMENTDEDEUXELEMENTSENGRENAGEETDISPOSITIF
D'ENTRAINEMENTMETTANTENCEUVREUNILLPROCEDE
La présente invention concerne le domaine de la transmission motorisée de mouvements et plus particulièrement un procédé d'engagement de deux éléments engrenage. L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'entraînement notamment bien que non exclusivement d'une roue d'aéronef mettant en uvre un tel procédé.
ARRIERE-PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION
Dans le domaine de l'aviation, il est désormais prévu d'équiper les aéronefs d'organes d'entraînement en rotation des roues pour permettre le déplacement au sol de l'aéronef sans utiliser ses groupes motopropulseurs.
Des organes d'entraînement montés sur un train d'atterrissage sont décrits dans les documents WO 2011/
023505 et WO 2015/033160. Ces organes d'entraînement comportent un moteur électrique relié à un réducteur dont la sortie est équipée d'un pignon pouvant être à
rouleaux. Le pignon coopère avec une couronne dentée solidaire de la roue d'aéronef. De cette manière, le moteur électrique entraîne en rotation le pignon, qui entraîne à son tour la couronne dentée et donc la roue pour déplacer l'aéronef.
Pour des questions de sécurité, il est prévu, notamment au décollage et à l'atterrissage de l'aéronef, de désolidariser le pignon de la couronne dentée. Pour cela, des moyens d'actionnement assurent le déplacement du pignon entre une position de dégagement dans laquelle le pignon est éloigné de la couronne dentée, et une position d'engrènement dans laquelle le pignon entraîne en rotation ladite couronne.
Toutefois, lors de l'engagement du pignon en rotation sur la couronne, une portion périphérique d'au moins un des rouleaux dudit pignon vient taper sur des portions supérieures de dents de la couronne, ce qui engendre des efforts ponctuels importants remontant dans l'ensemble des organes d'entraînement mais aussi dans la PROCEDED'ENGAGEMENTDEDEUXELEMENTSENGRENAGEETDISPOSITIF
On ENTRAINEMENTMETTANTENCEUVREUNILLPROCEDE
The present invention relates to the field of motorized transmission of movements and more particularly a method of engaging two elements gear. The invention also relates to a device particularly if not exclusively aircraft wheel implementing such a method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the field of aviation, it is now planned to equip the aircraft with training devices in rotation of the wheels to allow movement on the ground of the aircraft without using its powertrains.
Training devices mounted on a train landing are described in WO 2011 /
023505 and WO 2015/033160. These driving organs comprise an electric motor connected to a gearbox of which the exit is equipped with a pinion that can be rolls. The pinion cooperates with a ring gear secured to the aircraft wheel. In this way, the electric motor rotates the pinion, which in turn drives the ring gear and thus the wheel to move the aircraft.
For security reasons, it is planned, including take-off and landing of the aircraft, to disengage the pinion from the ring gear. For this, actuating means ensure the displacement of the pinion between a release position in which the pinion is away from the ring gear, and a meshing position in which the pinion drives in rotation said crown.
However, when engaging the gear in rotation on the crown, a peripheral portion of at least one of the rollers of said pinion is banging on upper portions of the crown teeth, which significant one-off efforts going back into all the training organs but also in the

2 structure du train d'atterrissage de l'aéronef. Pour éviter toute dégradation de ces organes d'entraînement (comme par exemple la rupture d'une dent de la couronne ou bien encore le dysfonctionnement d'un rouleau du pignon), lesdits organes sont généralement surdimensionnés, ce qui entraîne une augmentation de la masse et donc du coût desdits organes.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION
L'invention a donc pour objet de proposer un moyen pour limiter les efforts remontant à travers deux engrenages lors de leur accouplement, et d'obvier au moins en partie aux inconvénients précités.
PRESENTATION DE L'INVENTION
A cet effet, l'invention propose un procédé
d'engagement d'un premier élément d'engrenage avec un deuxième élément d'engrenage, au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage étant monté mobile entre une position d'engrènement et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur.
Selon l'invention, le procédé d'engagement comporte l'étape d'entraîner au moins l'un des éléments d'engrenage en rotation pour ménager un écart de vitesse de rotation non nul entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage. .
Le procédé comporte également l'étape de commander l'actionneur pour successivement :
- déplacer au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage vers la position d'engrènement, - quand est détectée un contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, stopper le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage, - quand est détectée une position angulaire idéale d'engagement desdits éléments d'engrenage, déplacer le deuxième élément d'engrenage le plus rapidement possible jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 2 landing gear structure of the aircraft. For avoid any degradation of these drive elements (such as breaking a tooth in the crown or else the dysfunction of a roll of pinion), said organs are usually oversized, resulting in an increase in mass and therefore the cost of said organs.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is therefore to propose a means to limit the efforts going up through two gears during their coupling, and to obviate less in part to the aforementioned drawbacks.
PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION
For this purpose, the invention proposes a method engaging a first gear member with a second gear element, at least the second gear element being movably mounted between a position meshing and a release position using a actuator.
According to the invention, the engagement method comprises step to train at least one of the elements rotating gear to provide a speed difference non-zero rotation between said gear elements. .
The method also includes the step of controlling the actuator for successively:
- move at least the second gear element towards the meshing position, - when is detected a contact between the elements gear, stop moving the second gear element, - when is detected an ideal angular position commitment of said elements gear, move the second gear element the most quickly possible to the position meshing.

3 Arrêter le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage dès la détection d'un contact permet de limiter l'effort de contact entre les deux éléments d'engrenage en attendant que lesdits éléments soient en phase pour amener le deuxième élément d'engrenage dans la position d'engrènement.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un vérin ayant une tige pilotée par une servovalve et reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage.
Ainsi :
- une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve permet d'atteindre une pression prédéterminée et de déplacer la tige du vérin vers la position d'engrènement, - une montée de pression jusqu'à un premier seuil permet la détection du contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, une modification du débit de la servovalve permettant alors de stopper le déplacement de la tige du vérin, - une baisse de pression jusqu'à un deuxième seuil pendant une durée prédéfinie permet de détecter une position angulaire idéale d'engagement des éléments d'engrenage, une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve jusqu'à un débit maximum permettant alors d'amener la tige du vérin jusqu'à
la position d'engrènement.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, le premier seuil de pression est sensiblement égal à 30 bars.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le deuxième seuil de pression est sensiblement égal à 20 bars.
De manière particulière, la durée prédéfinie du deuxième seuil de pression est sensiblement égale à 100 millisecondes. 3 Stop moving the second element when a contact is detected allows limit the contact force between the two elements while waiting for said elements to be in phase to bring the second gear element into the meshing position.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises a jack having a rod driven by a servovalve and connected to the second gear element.
So :
- an increase in the flow in the servovalve allows to reach a predetermined pressure and to move the cylinder rod to the position engagement, - a pressure rise up to a first threshold allows detection of contact between elements of gear, a change in the flow rate of the servovalve then allowing to stop the displacement of the cylinder rod, - a pressure drop to a second threshold for a predefined time can detect an ideal angular position of commitment of gear elements, increased flow in the servovalve up to a maximum flow allowing then to bring the cylinder rod up to the meshing position.
According to a particular characteristic, the first pressure threshold is substantially equal to 30 bars.
According to another particular characteristic, the second pressure threshold is substantially equal to 20 bars.
In particular, the predefined duration of the second pressure threshold is substantially equal to 100 milliseconds.

4 L'invention concerne également un dispositif d'entraînement comprenant :
- un premier élément d'engrenage, - un deuxième élément d'engrenage mobile entre une position d'engrènement avec le premier élément d'engrenage et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur, - un moteur entraînant en rotation l'un des éléments d'engrenage, - des moyens de détection d'un contact entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage, - une unité électronique de commande reliée à
l'actionneur, au moteur et aux moyens de détection.
Selon l'invention, l'unité électronique de commande est agencée pour mettre en uvre le procédé précédent.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un vérin ayant une tige reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, une servovalve pilote le vérin et les moyens de détection comportent un capteur de pression.
Selon une caractéristique particulière, le vérin est un vérin hydraulique.
Selon une autre caractéristique particulière, le moteur est un moteur électrique.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le premier élément d'engrenage est une couronne dentée et le deuxième élément d'engrenage est un pignon à rouleaux.
De manière particulière, la couronne dentée est solidaire d'une roue.
L'invention concerne aussi un train d'atterrissage équipé d'un tel dispositif.
DESCRIPTION DES FIGURES
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit, laquelle est purement illustrative 4 The invention also relates to a device training comprising:
a first gear element, a second mobile gear element between a meshing position with the first element gear and a release position using an actuator, - a motor driving in rotation one of the elements gear, means for detecting a contact between said gear elements, an electronic control unit connected to the actuator, the motor and the means of detection.
According to the invention, the electronic control unit is arranged to implement the above method.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises a jack having a rod connected to the second gear element, a servovalve drives the cylinder and the detection means comprise a sensor of pressure.
According to a particular characteristic, the jack is a hydraulic cylinder.
According to another particular characteristic, the motor is an electric motor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first gear element is a ring gear and the second gear element is a roller gear.
In a particular way, the ring gear is attached to a wheel.
The invention also relates to a landing gear equipped with such a device.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The invention will be better understood in the light of description which follows, which is purely illustrative

5 et non limitative, et doit être lue en regard des figures annexées, parmi lesquelles :
- la figure 1 représente schématiquement un dispositif d'entraînement selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, le deuxième engrenage étant dans la position de dégagement, - la figure 2a est une vue partielle du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 dans laquelle le premier élément d'engrenage et le deuxième élément d'engrenage sont en contact, le deuxième élément d'engrenage étant entre la position de dégagement et la position d'engrènement, - la figure 2b est une vue partielle du dispositif illustré à la figure 1 dans laquelle le deuxième élément d'engrenage est dans la position d'engrènement, - la figure 3 représente schématiquement le procédé
de l'invention, - la figure 4 représente au cours du temps le déplacement de la tige du vérin et la pression régnant à
l'intérieur du vérin lors de la mise en uvre du procédé
de l'invention illustré à la figure 3.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION
PARTICULIER DE L'INVENTION
En référence à la figure 1, un train d'atterrissage d'un aéronef est équipé d'un dispositif d'entraînement D
selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention.
Le train d'atterrissage comprend une jambe comportant un caisson pourvu de moyens de sa liaison à la structure de l'aéronef et une tige coulissant dans le caisson et ayant une extrémité libre pourvue d'un moyeu d'une roue R.
Le dispositif d'entraînement D comporte une couronne 1 dentée comprenant une rangée de dents la. La couronne 1 forme un premier élément d'engrenage solidaire de la roue R de l'aéronef, la couronne 1 et la roue R ayant un même axe de rotation Xl. 5 and not limiting, and must be read in conjunction with the figures annexed, among which:
- Figure 1 schematically represents a driving device according to an embodiment particular of the invention, the second gear being in the release position, FIG. 2a is a partial view of the device illustrated in Figure 1 in which the first element gear and the second gear element are in contact, the second gear element being between the release position and meshing position, FIG. 2b is a partial view of the device illustrated in Figure 1 in which the second element gear is in the meshing position, FIG. 3 schematically represents the process of the invention, - Figure 4 represents over time the displacement of the cylinder rod and the pressure prevailing at inside the cylinder during the implementation of the process of the invention illustrated in FIG.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
PARTICULAR OF THE INVENTION
With reference to FIG. 1, a landing gear of an aircraft is equipped with a training device D
according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
The landing gear comprises a leg having a caisson provided with means of its connection to the structure of the aircraft and a rod sliding in the box and having a free end provided with a hub of a wheel R.
The training device D comprises a crown 1 tooth comprising a row of teeth la. The crown 1 forms a first gear element secured to the wheel R of the aircraft, the crown 1 and the wheel R having a same rotation axis Xl.

6 Le dispositif d'entraînement D comporte également un pignon 2 comprenant une pluralité de rouleaux 2a équitablement répartis autour d'un axe de rotation X2 qui est parallèle à l'axe de rotation Xl. Le pignon 2 à
rouleaux 2a forme un deuxième élément d'engrenage solidaire d'un arbre de sortie d'un réducteur associé à , un moteur électrique.
Le pignon 2 est relié au niveau de l'axe de rotation X2 à une extrémité libre d'une tige T d'un vérin V
hydraulique. Le vérin V comporte un corps C solidaire du train d'atterrissage et à l'intérieur duquel peut se déplacer la tige T suivant un axe Xv orthogonal aux axes de rotation Xl, X2. Une extrémité de la tige T formant piston délimite avec le corps C du vérin une chambre Ch.
La chambre Ch est raccordée via une servovalve Sv à un réservoir Rv contenant un fluide F sous pression. La servovalve Sv permet de réguler une pression P à
l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V, soit un déplacement Dp de la tige T.
Le pignon 2 est ainsi montée mobile entre une position de dégagement illustrée à la figure 1 dans laquelle le pignon 2 est éloigné de la couronne 1, et une position d'engrènement illustrée à la figure 2b dans laquelle le pignon 2 est en phase avec la couronne 1 pour engrener celle-ci.
Une unité électronique de commande UC est reliée à la servovalve Sv, au moteur électrique et à un capteur de pression Cp traversant de manière étanche le corps C du vérin V pour mesurer la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V.
Le procédé d'engagement du pignon 2 avec la couronne 1 va maintenant être détaillé.
Comme illustré à la figure 3, une première étape 10 consiste en ce que l'unité de commande UC contrôle le moteur électrique pour entraîner en rotation le pignon 2 6 The training device D also comprises a pinion 2 comprising a plurality of rollers 2a equitably distributed around an axis of rotation X2 which is parallel to the axis of rotation Xl. Pinion 2 to rollers 2a form a second gear element integral with an output shaft of a gearbox associated with, an electric motor.
Pinion 2 is connected at the level of the axis of rotation X2 at a free end of a rod T of a jack V
hydraulic. The jack V has a body C integral with the landing gear and within which can move the rod T along an axis Xv orthogonal to the axes rotation X1, X2. One end of the T-rod forming piston delimits with the body C of the cylinder a room Ch.
The chamber Ch is connected via a servo valve Sv to a reservoir Rv containing a fluid F under pressure. The Servovalve Sv allows to regulate a pressure P to the interior of the chamber Ch of the jack V, that is a displacement Dp of the rod T.
The pinion 2 is thus mounted movably between a clearance position shown in Figure 1 in which the pinion 2 is remote from the ring 1, and a meshing position illustrated in Figure 2b in which the pinion 2 is in phase with the crown 1 for to mesh this one.
An electronic control unit UC is connected to the servovalve Sv, with electric motor and a sensor pressure Cp through sealingly the body C of the jack V to measure the pressure P inside the Ch chamber V.
The method of engagement of pinion 2 with the crown 1 will now be detailed.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, a first step 10 consists in that the control unit UC controls the electric motor for rotating the pinion 2

7 de façon à ménager un écart de vitesse non nul entre ledit pignon 2 et la couronne 1. L'écart de vitesse est préférentiellement supérieur à 3 rpm (rotation par minute) pour éviter qu'un rouleau 2a du pignon 2 soit en permanence en face d'une dent la de la couronne 1. Cet écart correspond sensiblement à la somme en valeur absolue des imprécisions sur les mesures et les commandes de vitesses de rotation du pignon et de la couronne. Il peut aussi être préférable de limiter cet écart de vitesse ou bien encore le couple délivré par le moteur électrique pour minimiser les efforts au moment du contact entre la couronne 1 et le pignon 2. Cette limitation peut notamment être déterminée en fonction du design du pignon et de la couronne ou bien encore des performances recherchées du dispositif d'entraînement.
Ainsi, un écart de vitesse sensiblement égale à 4rpm est préféré.
Lors d'une deuxième étape 20, le débit de la servovalve Sv est augmenté par l'unité de commande UC
pour atteindre dans la chambre Ch du vérin V une pression P suffisante pour déplacer la tige T du vérin V. Le pignon 2 se déplace alors à une vitesse sensiblement constante vers la position d'engrènement jusqu'à ce que l'un des rouleaux 2a du pignon 2 rentre en contact avec une portion supérieure lb d'une dent la de la couronne 1 (figure 2a). L'écart de vitesse entre le pignon 2 et la couronne 1 étant non nul, le rouleau glisse alors le long de la portion supérieure lb de la dent la.
Dès lors, l'unité de commande UC détecte via le capteur de pression une montée de pression de la chambre Ch du vérin V provoquée par le contact entre le pignon 2 et la couronne 1 qui contraint le déplacement Dp de la tige T. Lorsque la montée de pression est supérieure à un premier seuil Si, l'unité de commande UC modifie, lors d'une troisième étape 30, le débit de la servovalve Sv de P 7 in order to provide a non-zero speed difference between said pinion 2 and crown 1. The speed difference is preferentially greater than 3 rpm (rotation by minute) to prevent a roll 2a of pinion 2 from permanence in front of a tooth of the crown 1. This difference substantially corresponds to the sum in value absolute inaccuracies on measurements and orders speed of rotation of the pinion and the crown. he may also be better to limit this difference speed or even the torque delivered by the engine electrical power to minimize efforts at the time of contact between the crown 1 and the pinion 2. This limitation may in particular be determined on the basis of design of the pinion and crown or even desired performance of the training device.
Thus, a velocity difference substantially equal to 4rpm is prefer.
In a second step 20, the flow of the Servovalve Sv is increased by the UC control unit to reach in the chamber Ch of the cylinder V a pressure P sufficient to move the rod T of the cylinder V.
pinion 2 then moves at a speed substantially constant towards the meshing position until one of the rollers 2a of the pinion 2 comes into contact with an upper portion lb of a tooth la of the crown 1 (Figure 2a). The speed difference between the pinion 2 and the crown 1 being non-zero, the roll then slides along of the upper portion lb of the tooth la.
From then on, the UC control unit detects via the pressure sensor a pressure rise of the chamber Ch of the cylinder V caused by the contact between the pinion 2 and the crown 1 which constrains the displacement Dp of the T. When the pressure rise is greater than one first threshold Si, the control unit UC changes, when of a third step 30, the flow rate of the servo valve Sv P

8 façon à stopper l'avancement de la tige T vers la position d'engrènement. La troisième étape 30 permet ainsi de limiter les efforts de contact entre le pignon et la couronne, et par conséquent de limiter les remontées d'effort dans les différents éléments du dispositif et de la structure du train d'atterrissage. De préférence, le premier seuil Si est sensiblement égal à
30 bars. Cette valeur peut notamment être définie en fonction de la pression nécessaire au déplacement de la tige T du vérin V qui dépend entre autre de la vitesse de déplacement souhaitée et du design du vérin V
(frottements entre la tige T et la chambre Ch du vérin V, A cet effet, une remontée et une descente du rouleau 2a le long de la portion supérieure lb de la dent engendre alors respectivement une montée et une baisse de la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V.
Dès lors, la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V oscille avec des amplitudes supérieures au premier seuil si.
L'avancement de la tige étant limité par le débit de la servovalve et la rotation relative se poursuivant, le rouleau 2a finit donc par ne plus être en contact avec la dent et se trouve entre deux dents. Dans le même temps, la pression à l'intérieur de la chambre arrête alors d'osciller et diminue jusqu'à un deuxième seuil S2. De préférence, le deuxième seuil S2 est sensiblement égal à
20 bars.
L'unité de commande détecte alors, via le capteur de pression Cp, une baisse de pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V jusqu'au deuxième seuil S2. Si la pression reste inférieure au deuxième seuil S2 pendant une durée t prédéfinie, le débit de la servovalve est alors, lors d'une quatrième étape 40, augmenté jusqu'à un débit maximum de façon à déplacer rapidement la tige vers 8 way to stop the advancement of the rod T towards the meshing position. The third step 30 allows thus to limit the contact forces between the pinion and the crown, and therefore limit the lifts of effort in the various elements of the device and structure of the landing gear. Of preferably, the first threshold Si is substantially equal to 30 bars. This value can be defined in particular depending on the pressure required to move the rod T of the cylinder V which depends inter alia on the speed of desired displacement and cylinder design V
(friction between the rod T and the chamber Ch of the jack V, For this purpose, raising and lowering the roller 2a along the upper portion lb of the tooth then generates respectively a rise and a fall of the pressure P inside the chamber Ch of the cylinder V.
From then on, the pressure inside the room Ch V cylinder oscillates with amplitudes higher than first threshold if.
The advancement of the stem being limited by the flow of the servovalve and the relative rotation continuing, the roll 2a thus ends up not being in contact with the tooth and lies between two teeth. At the same time, the pressure inside the chamber then stops to oscillate and decreases to a second threshold S2. Of preferably, the second threshold S2 is substantially equal to 20 bars.
The control unit then detects, via the Cp pressure, a pressure drop P inside the chamber Ch of the cylinder V to the second threshold S2. If the pressure remains below the second threshold S2 during predefined duration t, the flow rate of the servovalve is then, in a fourth step 40, increased to a maximum flow so as to quickly move the rod towards

9 la position d'engrènement. De préférence, la durée t est sensiblement égale à 100ms.
Le pignon 2 étant alors sensiblement en phase avec la couronne 1, le déplacement Dp rapide de la tige T du vérin V permet au pignon 2 d'atteindre la position d'engrènement. Dès lors, la pression P à l'intérieur de la chambre du vérin V augmente jusqu'à atteindre sensiblement la pression du fluide F contenu dans le réservoir Rv.
La figure 4 illustre le déplacement Dp de la tige T
du vérin V entre la position de dégagement et la position d'engrènement ainsi que l'évolution de la pression P à
l'intérieur de la chambre Ch du vérin V au cours des étapes 10, 20, 30, 40.
Il est également possible de déterminer la position angulaire idéale d'engagement du pignon 2 avec la couronne 1 en calculant le moment où ledit pignon et ladite couronne 1 sont sensiblement en phase après qu'un contact ait été détecté entre eux. Différents paramètres sont alors à prendre en compte : dimensions et espacement des dents la de la couronne 1, vitesse de rotation du pignon 2 par rapport à la couronne 1, position du point d'impact du rouleau 2a sur la dent la, etc_ L'inconvénient de ce type de détermination de la position angulaire idéale est que l'exactitude du calcul dépend directement de la position du point d'impact du rouleau 2a sur la dent la, laquelle est purement hypothétique dans ce cas.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit mais englobe toute variante entrant dans le champ de l'invention telle que définie par les revendications.
La position du pignon 2 et de la couronne 1 dans le dispositif d'entraînement D peut notamment être inversée. 9 the meshing position. Preferably, the duration t is substantially equal to 100ms.
The pinion 2 then being substantially in phase with the crown 1, the rapid Dp displacement of the rod T of jack V allows the pinion 2 to reach the position meshing. Therefore, the pressure P inside the cylinder chamber V increases until it reaches substantially the pressure of the fluid F contained in the tank Rv.
FIG. 4 illustrates the displacement Dp of the rod T
of the cylinder V between the release position and the position of meshing as well as the evolution of pressure P to the interior of the chamber Ch of the cylinder V during the steps 10, 20, 30, 40.
It is also possible to determine the position angular engagement angle of pinion 2 with the crown 1 by calculating when said pinion and said ring 1 are substantially in phase after a contact has been detected between them. Different parameters are then to take into account: dimensions and spacing teeth of the crown 1, speed of rotation of the pinion 2 with respect to the crown 1, position of the point impact roll 2a on the tooth la, etc_ The disadvantage of this type of determination of the ideal angular position is that computational accuracy depends directly on the position of the point of impact of the roll 2a on tooth la, which is purely hypothetical in this case.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the mode described but encompasses any variant entering within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
The position of pinion 2 and crown 1 in the drive device D can in particular be reversed.

10 Bien qu'ici le deuxième élément d'engrenage soit un pignon à rouleaux, un autre type de pignon peut être envisagé comme par exemple un pignon équipé de dents.
Bien qu'ici le mouvement pour engager le pignon avec la couronne soit un mouvement de translation, un mouvement de rotation peut aussi être envisagé.
L'axe Xv suivant lequel se déplace la tige T du vérin V peut ne pas être orthogonal à l'axe de rotation X1 de la couronne dentée.
De même, si l'engagement entre le pignon et la couronne est ici radial, il peut très bien être axial ou tangentiel (cas notamment des engrenages coniques).
Bien que le vérin V soit ici hydraulique, l'utilisation d'un vérin pneumatique associé à une électrovanne est tout aussi envisageable pour un fonctionnement similaire au mode de réalisation décrit.
Il est également possible de remplacer le vérin V et la servovalve Sv par un actionneur électromécanique, comme par exemple un moteur électrique associé à une chaîne mécanique reliée au pignon. Le blocage du moteur en position ou en vitesse nulle permet alors de stopper le déplacement du pignon. La détection du contact entre le pignon et la couronne peut alors être réalisée en utilisant par exemple des capteurs d'effort agencés dans ladite chaîne mécanique (ponts de jauge) ou bien encore en observant une variation de la puissance électrique délivrée par le moteur (une rotation du moteur va apparaître au moment du contact et impliquer une augmentation du couple nécessaire et donc du courant).
La détection du contact entre le pignon et la couronne peut aussi être réalisée en mesurant la déformation du pignon, notamment via un laser.
Une autre solution est de mesurer directement le déplacement du pignon et d'observer un ralentissement ou 10 Although here the second gear element is a roller pinion, another type of pinion can be envisioned as for example a pinion equipped with teeth.
Although here the movement to engage the pinion with the crown is a translation movement, a Rotational movement can also be considered.
The Xv axis along which the rod T of the jack moves V may not be orthogonal to the axis of rotation X1 of the ring gear.
Similarly, if the engagement between the pinion and the crown here is radial, it can very well be axial or tangential (especially conical gears).
Although the jack V here is hydraulic, the use of a pneumatic cylinder associated with a solenoid valve is equally conceivable for a operation similar to the embodiment described.
It is also possible to replace the V cylinder and the servovalve Sv by an electromechanical actuator, like for example an electric motor associated with a mechanical chain connected to the pinion. Engine blocking in position or at zero speed then allows to stop the movement of the pinion. The detection of contact between the pinion and the crown can then be made in using, for example, force sensors arranged in said mechanical chain (gauge bridges) or else observing a variation of the electric power delivered by the engine (a rotation of the engine goes appear at the moment of contact and involve a increase of the necessary torque and therefore of the current).
The detection of the contact between the pinion and the crown can also be achieved by measuring the deformation of the pinion, in particular via a laser.
Another solution is to directly measure the moving the pinion and observe a slowdown or

11 un arrêt dudit déplacement en amont de la position d'engrènement via par exemple un capteur de position.
Afin d'éviter la détection de faux contact entre le pignon et la couronne, la détection d'une augmentation ou d'une baisse de pression peut être conditionnée par le déplacement Dp de la tige T du vérin V, via notamment un capteur de position de la tige du vérin.
Le capteur de pression Cp peut être agencé ailleurs que sur le corps du vérin, comme par exemple sur le circuit hydraulique reliant le vérin V au réservoir Rv. 11 a stop of said displacement upstream of the position meshing via for example a position sensor.
In order to avoid detection of false contact between pinion and crown, the detection of an increase or a drop in pressure can be conditioned by the displacement Dp of the rod T of the jack V, in particular via a position sensor of the cylinder rod.
Pressure sensor Cp can be arranged elsewhere that on the cylinder body, as for example on the hydraulic circuit connecting the cylinder V to the tank Rv.

Claims (12)

REVENDICATIONS 12 1. Procédé d'engagement d'un premier élément d'engrenage (1) avec un deuxième élément d'engrenage (2), au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) étant monté
mobile entre une position d'engrènement et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur (V), le procédé
d'engagement comportant l'étape d'entraîner au moins l'un des éléments d'engrenage en rotation pour ménager un écart de vitesse de rotation non nul entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage et l'étape de commander l'actionneur (V) pour successivement :
- déplacer au moins le deuxième élément d'engrenage vers la position d'engrènement, - quand est détectée un contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, stopper le déplacement du deuxième élément d'engrenage, - quand est détectée une position angulaire idéale d'engagement desdits éléments d'engrenage, déplacer le deuxième élément d'engrenage le plus rapidement possible jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 1. Method of engaging a first element gearbox (1) with a second gear element (2), at least the second gear element (2) being mounted movable between a meshing position and a position with the aid of an actuator (V), the method commitment involving the stage of training at least one rotating gear elements to provide a non-zero rotation speed difference between said gear elements and the step of controlling the actuator (V) for successively:
- move at least the second gear element towards the meshing position, - when is detected a contact between the elements gear, stop moving the second gear element, - when is detected an ideal angular position commitment of said elements gear, move the second gear element the most quickly possible to the position meshing. 2. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'actionneur comprend un vérin (V) ayant une tige (T) pilotée par une servovalve (Sv) et reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, et dans lequel :
- une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve (Sv) permet d'atteindre une pression prédéterminée et de déplacer la tige (T) du vérin (V) vers la position d'engrènement, - une montée de pression jusqu'à un premier seuil (S1) permet la détection du contact entre les éléments d'engrenage, une modification du débit de la servovalve (Sv) permettant alors de stopper le déplacement (Dp) de la tige (T) du vérin (V), - une baisse de pression jusqu'à un deuxième seuil (S2) pendant une durée prédéfinie (t) permet de détecter une position angulaire idéale d'engagement des éléments d'engrenage, une augmentation du débit dans la servovalve jusqu'à
un débit maximum permettant alors d'amener la tige (T) du vérin (V) jusqu'à la position d'engrènement. 2. Method of engagement according to claim 1, wherein the actuator comprises a jack (V) having a rod (T) controlled by a servovalve (Sv) and connected to the second gear element, and wherein:
- an increase in the flow in the servovalve (Sv) allows to reach a predetermined pressure and to move the rod (T) of the jack (V) towards the meshing position, - a pressure rise up to a first threshold (S1) allows the detection of contact between gear elements, a change in the flow rate of the servovalve (Sv) then allowing to stop the displacement (Dp) of the rod (T) of the jack (V), - a pressure drop to a second threshold (S2) for a predefined period (t) allows detect an ideal angular position of engagement of the gear elements, a increased flow in the servovalve up to a maximum flow then allowing to bring the rod (T) of the cylinder (V) to the position meshing. 3. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le premier seuil (S1) de pression est sensiblement égal à 30 bars. 3. Method of engagement according to claim 2, wherein the first pressure threshold (S1) is substantially equal to 30 bars. 4. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le deuxième seuil (S2) de pression est sensiblement égal à 20 bars. 4. The method of engagement according to claim 2, wherein the second threshold (S2) of pressure is substantially equal to 20 bars. 5. Procédé d'engagement selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la durée prédéfinie (t) est sensiblement égale à 100 millisecondes. 5. Engagement method according to claim 2, wherein the predefined duration (t) is substantially equal to 100 milliseconds. 6. Dispositif d'entraînement, comprenant un premier élément d'engrenage (1), un deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) mobile entre une position d'engrènement avec le premier élément d'engrenage et une position de dégagement à l'aide d'un actionneur (V), un moteur entraînant en rotation l'un des éléments d'engrenage, des moyens de détection (Cp) d'un contact entre lesdits éléments d'engrenage, et une unité électronique de commande (UC) reliée à l'actionneur (V), au moteur et aux moyens de détection (Cp), caractérisé en ce que l'unité
électronique de commande (UC) est agencée pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes. 6. Training device, comprising a first gear element (1), a second gear element (2) movable between a meshing position with the first gear member and a release position with the aid of an actuator (V), a motor driving in rotation one of the gear elements, means of detection (Cp) of a contact between said elements gearbox, and an electronic control unit (UC) connected to the actuator (V), the motor and the means of detection (Cp), characterized in that the unit Electronic Control Unit (UC) is arranged to process according to one of the claims preceding. 7. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'actionneur comprend un vérin (V) ayant une tige (T) reliée au deuxième élément d'engrenage, une servovalve (Sv) pilote le vérin (V) et les moyens de détection comportent un capteur de pression (Cp). 7. Drive device according to the claim 6, in which the actuator comprises a jack (V) having a rod (T) connected to the second gear element, a servovalve (Sv) controls the cylinder (V) and the means of detection include a pressure sensor (Cp). 8. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le vérin (V) est un vérin hydraulique. 8. Drive device according to claim 7, wherein the jack (V) is a hydraulic cylinder. 9. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le moteur est un moteur électrique. 9. Drive device according to the claim 7, wherein the motor is an electric motor. 10. Dispositif d'entraînement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9, dans lequel le premier élément d'engrenage (1) est une couronne dentée et le deuxième élément d'engrenage (2) est un pignon à rouleaux. 10. Training device according to any one Claims 6 to 9, wherein the first element gear (1) is a ring gear and the second gear element (2) is a roller gear. 11. Dispositif d'entraînement selon la revendication 10, dans lequel la couronne dentée (1) est solidaire d'une roue (R). 11. Drive device according to the claim 10, in which the ring gear (1) is integral with a wheel (R). 12. Train d'atterrissage équipé d'un dispositif d'entraînement selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11. 12. Landing gear equipped with a device driving device according to one of claims 7 to 11.
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FR3079448A1 (en) 2019-10-04

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