CA2460771A1 - Method for determining the presence of bacteria resistant to cell lysing antibiotics - Google Patents
Method for determining the presence of bacteria resistant to cell lysing antibiotics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2460771A1 CA2460771A1 CA002460771A CA2460771A CA2460771A1 CA 2460771 A1 CA2460771 A1 CA 2460771A1 CA 002460771 A CA002460771 A CA 002460771A CA 2460771 A CA2460771 A CA 2460771A CA 2460771 A1 CA2460771 A1 CA 2460771A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- target bacteria
- antibiotic
- determining
- bacteria
- test kit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000002934 lysing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 title description 10
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N Methicillin Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2[C@@H](C(O)=O)C(C)(C)S[C@@H]21 RJQXTJLFIWVMTO-TYNCELHUSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960003085 meticillin Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006037 cell lysis Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000029918 bioluminescence Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005415 bioluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000002281 Adenylate kinase Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108020000543 Adenylate kinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000008946 Fibrinogen Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010049003 Fibrinogen Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940012952 fibrinogen Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000988 Lysostaphin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 21
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960000723 ampicillin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N ampicillin Chemical compound C1([C@@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H]2[C@H]3SC([C@@H](N3C2=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)=CC=CC=C1 AVKUERGKIZMTKX-NJBDSQKTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000005089 Luciferase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylphosphoric acid Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine diphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O XTWYTFMLZFPYCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010073254 Colicins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IGXWBGJHJZYPQS-SSDOTTSWSA-N D-Luciferin Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H]1CSC(C=2SC3=CC=C(O)C=C3N=2)=N1 IGXWBGJHJZYPQS-SSDOTTSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydro-luciferin Natural products OC(=O)C1=CSC(C=2SC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=2)=N1 CYCGRDQQIOGCKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJGNCJDXODQBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fivefly Luciferin Natural products OC(=O)C1CSC(C=2SC3=CC(O)=CC=C3N=2)=N1 BJGNCJDXODQBOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108060001084 Luciferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DDWFXDSYGUXRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Luciferin Natural products CCc1c(C)c(CC2NC(=O)C(=C2C=C)C)[nH]c1Cc3[nH]c4C(=C5/NC(CC(=O)O)C(C)C5CC(=O)O)CC(=O)c4c3C DDWFXDSYGUXRAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010034133 Pathogen resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003149 assay kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003782 beta lactam antibiotic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000021 kinase assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013610 patient sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004260 plant-type cell wall biogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009870 specific binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011269 treatment regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56911—Bacteria
- G01N33/56938—Staphylococcus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
- C12Q1/14—Streptococcus; Staphylococcus
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0122790.9 | 2001-09-21 | ||
| GBGB0122790.9A GB0122790D0 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2001-09-21 | Method of determining the presence of target bacteria |
| PCT/GB2002/003990 WO2003025208A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-02 | Method for determining the presence of bacteria resistant to cell lysing antibiotics |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2460771A1 true CA2460771A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
Family
ID=9922473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002460771A Abandoned CA2460771A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2002-09-02 | Method for determining the presence of bacteria resistant to cell lysing antibiotics |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7648830B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1427843B1 (enExample) |
| JP (2) | JP4917248B2 (enExample) |
| CN (2) | CN101580868A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE322550T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU2002321585B2 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2460771A1 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE60210485T2 (enExample) |
| DK (1) | DK1427843T3 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2257564T3 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB0122790D0 (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2003025208A1 (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120077206A1 (en) | 2003-07-12 | 2012-03-29 | Accelr8 Technology Corporation | Rapid Microbial Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing |
| US7687239B2 (en) | 2003-07-12 | 2010-03-30 | Accelrs Technology Corporation | Sensitive and rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility |
| US7399609B2 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2008-07-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Staphylococcus detection |
| US7521201B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2009-04-21 | Strategic Diagnostics Inc. | Bacteriophages as selective agents |
| JP2008523820A (ja) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-07-10 | アクセラー８ テクノロジー コーポレイション | 高速の微生物検出および抗菌剤感受性試験 |
| GB0606822D0 (en) * | 2006-04-05 | 2006-05-17 | Alaska Food Diagnostics | Assay System |
| JP2011501132A (ja) * | 2007-10-10 | 2011-01-06 | ポカード・ディアグノスティクス・リミテッド | 尿中のバクテリアの同定を行うためのシステム |
| WO2009114520A2 (en) * | 2008-03-10 | 2009-09-17 | Pharmain Corporation | Compositions for treatment with metallopeptidases, methods of making and using the same |
| AU2010236905A1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2011-11-10 | Saureus, Inc. | Assys for bacterial detection and identification |
| WO2010129532A2 (en) * | 2009-05-05 | 2010-11-11 | Trustees Of Boston University | Method and device for rapid detection of bacterial antibiotic resistance/susceptibility |
| US8609364B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2013-12-17 | bioM{tilde over (e)}rieux, Inc. | Methods for antimicrobial resistance determination |
| US9434937B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2016-09-06 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Rapid cell purification systems |
| US10254204B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2019-04-09 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Membrane-assisted purification |
| WO2012158041A1 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-22 | Rna Holding B.V. | Diagnostic methods and kits for determining the presence of a microorganism in a sample |
| US9677109B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Rapid determination of microbial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility |
| WO2016037051A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-10 | Theranos, Inc. | Pathogen and antimicrobial resistance testing |
| AU2016243656A1 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2017-11-09 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument and system for rapid microorganism identification and antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing |
| US10253355B2 (en) | 2015-03-30 | 2019-04-09 | Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc. | Instrument and system for rapid microorganism identification and antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing |
| DE102022210726A1 (de) * | 2022-10-11 | 2024-04-11 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Probenhalter |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE441009B (sv) | 1982-03-08 | 1985-09-02 | Kjell Nilsson | Sett att immobilisera levande biomaterial i perlformiga polymerer |
| FR2625321B1 (fr) | 1987-12-24 | 1992-10-02 | Pasteur Institut | Reactif pour le diagnostic de staphylococcus aureus par agglutination |
| AU6847890A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1991-07-25 | Promega Corporation | Immunospecific and bioluminescent assay of cellular atp |
| US5491068A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1996-02-13 | Vicam, L.P. | Assay method for detecting the presence of bacteria |
| GB9301118D0 (en) | 1993-01-21 | 1993-03-10 | Secr Defence | Enzyme linked assays |
| GB9323760D0 (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1994-01-05 | Aquaculture Diagnostics Limite | Antibiotic sensitivity profile |
| WO1995016039A1 (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-15 | The Rockefeller University | Auxiliary genes and proteins of methicillin resistant bacteria and antagonists thereof |
| US5496706A (en) * | 1993-12-17 | 1996-03-05 | Helsinki University Licensing, Ltd. | Methods and materials for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus |
| GB2303919B (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1998-08-26 | Secr Defence | Assay of a microorganism by quantification of adenylate kinase involving magnesium ion and adenosine diphosphate |
| GB9414096D0 (en) | 1994-07-13 | 1994-08-31 | Secr Defence | Labelled capture assay |
| JPH1128099A (ja) | 1997-05-12 | 1999-02-02 | Kikkoman Corp | 黄色ブドウ球菌の検出法 |
| CA2318367C (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2011-04-26 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Antibiotic sensitivity testing |
| WO1999050441A1 (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 1999-10-07 | Saigene Corporation | A selective assay for determining the identity of live microorganisms in a mixed culture |
| US20060073530A1 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2006-04-06 | Olaf Schneewind | Methods and compositions involving sortase B |
-
2001
- 2001-09-21 GB GBGB0122790.9A patent/GB0122790D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-09-02 AU AU2002321585A patent/AU2002321585B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-02 CN CNA2009101504033A patent/CN101580868A/zh active Pending
- 2002-09-02 ES ES02755291T patent/ES2257564T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-02 WO PCT/GB2002/003990 patent/WO2003025208A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-09-02 US US10/490,229 patent/US7648830B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-02 CN CNB028184025A patent/CN100510100C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-02 CA CA002460771A patent/CA2460771A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-09-02 DE DE60210485T patent/DE60210485T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-02 JP JP2003529980A patent/JP4917248B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-09-02 EP EP02755291A patent/EP1427843B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-09-02 AT AT02755291T patent/ATE322550T1/de active
- 2002-09-02 DK DK02755291T patent/DK1427843T3/da active
-
2008
- 2008-07-22 JP JP2008188908A patent/JP2009034104A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20040248199A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
| ATE322550T1 (de) | 2006-04-15 |
| WO2003025208A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
| AU2002321585B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 |
| US7648830B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
| CN101580868A (zh) | 2009-11-18 |
| DE60210485T2 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
| EP1427843A1 (en) | 2004-06-16 |
| ES2257564T3 (es) | 2006-08-01 |
| EP1427843B1 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| DK1427843T3 (da) | 2006-08-07 |
| GB0122790D0 (en) | 2001-11-14 |
| DE60210485D1 (de) | 2006-05-18 |
| JP2005503164A (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
| JP4917248B2 (ja) | 2012-04-18 |
| CN100510100C (zh) | 2009-07-08 |
| JP2009034104A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
| CN1556860A (zh) | 2004-12-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |