CA2360198A1 - Heated bridge deck system and materials and method for constructing the same - Google Patents
Heated bridge deck system and materials and method for constructing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2360198A1 CA2360198A1 CA002360198A CA2360198A CA2360198A1 CA 2360198 A1 CA2360198 A1 CA 2360198A1 CA 002360198 A CA002360198 A CA 002360198A CA 2360198 A CA2360198 A CA 2360198A CA 2360198 A1 CA2360198 A1 CA 2360198A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- power source
- heating system
- electrically conductive
- bridge deck
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract 21
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/26—Permanently installed heating or blowing devices ; Mounting thereof
- E01C11/265—Embedded electrical heating elements ; Mounting thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/24—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather
- E01C11/245—Methods or arrangements for preventing slipperiness or protecting against influences of the weather for preventing ice formation or for loosening ice, e.g. special additives to the paving material, resilient coatings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/08—Damp-proof or other insulating layers; Drainage arrangements or devices ; Bridge deck surfacings
- E01D19/083—Waterproofing of bridge decks; Other insulations for bridges, e.g. thermal ; Bridge deck surfacings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
- H05B2214/02—Heaters specially designed for de-icing or protection against icing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
A heated bridge deck (20) uses electrodes (24, 26) embedded within conductiv e concrete and connected to a power source to remove snow and ice accumulation . A cement-based mixture containing optimal amounts of conductive materials is molded into pre-formed slabs (22) placed atop the paved surface of a bridge deck. Alternatively, the conductive concrete may be cast in place on top of an existing bridge deck. A control unit with temperature and moisture sensors m ay be coupled to the heated bridge deck.
Claims (45)
1. A conductive concrete mixture for use in a bridge deck system comprising:
cement; aggregate; water; and conductive materials, wherein said conductive materials include metal fibers and metal particles.
cement; aggregate; water; and conductive materials, wherein said conductive materials include metal fibers and metal particles.
2. The mixture of claim 1 wherein said metal fibers comprise 1-3% of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture and said metal particles comprise 5-40%
of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture.
of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture.
3. The mixture of claim 2 wherein said metal fibers comprise 1-2% of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture and said metal particles comprise 10-30%
of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture.
of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture.
4. The mixture of claim 3 wherein said metal fibers comprise 1.5% of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture and said metal particles comprise 20% of the total volume of conductive concrete mixture.
5. The mixture of claim 4 wherein electrodes are embedded therein at spaced locations.
6. The mixture of claim 5 wherein said electrodes are spaced four to six feet apart.
7. A method of making conductive concrete comprising: loading coarse aggregate onto a conveyer; loading metal particles onto said conveyer; thereafter placing metal fibers onto said conveyer wherein the contents of said conveyer then are emptied into a container containing cement in water; and mixing said coarse aggregate, metal particles, metal fibers and cement in water in said container.
8. A heating system for a bridge deck comprising: a photovoltaic cell; an energy storage device electrically coupled to said photovoltaic cell; and conductive concrete forming at least a portion of the bridge deck and being electrically coupled to said energy storage device; wherein said conductive concrete includes metal fibers and metal particles.
9. The heating system of claim 8 wherein said energy storage device is a bank of one or more batteries.
10. The heating system of claim 9 wherein said power system further comprises an inverter and a step-up transformer.
11. A heating system for a bridge deck comprising: conductive concrete forming at least a portion of the bridge deck; wherein said conductive concrete includes metal fibers and metal particles; a power source electrically coupled to said conductive concrete; a control unit for turning said power supply on and off; a temperature sensor electrically coupled to said controller; and a moisture sensor electrically coupled to said controller;
wherein said control unit is turned on or off upon sensing particular temperature and ~
moisture levels.
wherein said control unit is turned on or off upon sensing particular temperature and ~
moisture levels.
12. The heating system of claim 11 wherein there are at least two temperature sensors, one for sensing air temperature and one for sensing the surface temperature of the conductive concrete.
13. The heating system of claim 12 wherein said power source is an alternate current power source.
14. Electrodes for use in a conductive concrete bridge deck system comprising:
two parallel plate portions; and at least one intermediate section, said parallel plate portions and said intermediate section forming at least one void therebetween through which conductive concrete may flow; wherein said electrodes are embedded in the conductive concrete at spaced locations.
two parallel plate portions; and at least one intermediate section, said parallel plate portions and said intermediate section forming at least one void therebetween through which conductive concrete may flow; wherein said electrodes are embedded in the conductive concrete at spaced locations.
15. The electrodes of claim 14 wherein said parallel plate portions and said intermediate section are formed as part of a single metal plate.
16. The electrodes of claim 15 wherein said intermediate sections are formed by attaching elongated rod structures to said parallel plate portions at spaced locations.
17. The electrodes of claim 16 wherein said parallel plate portions are formed from corrugated metal.
18. A heating system for a bridge deck comprising: a first layer; a second layer made of an electrically conductive material situated atop said first layer; and means for applying an electrical current to said second layer; wherein said second layer comprises a cementitious composite admixed with a plurality of electrically conductive components;
and wherein said electrically conductive components are metal particles and metal fibers.
and wherein said electrically conductive components are metal particles and metal fibers.
19. The heating system of claim 18 wherein said means to apply an electrical current comprises a power source capable of applying an electrical current to a planar surface of said second layer sufficient to heat said planar surface to a temperature greater than 0°C.
20. The heating system of claim 19 wherein said means to apply an electrical current comprises a power source capable of applying an average electrical power of W/m2 to said electrically conductive material.
21. The heating system of claim 19 wherein said power source is a direct current power source.
22. The heating system of claim 19 wherein said power source is an alternate current power source.
23. The heating system of claim 19 wherein said power source is a photovoltaic power source.
24. The heating system of claim 20 wherein said power source is a direct current power source.
25. The heating system of claim 20 wherein said power source is an alternate current power source.
26. The heating system of claim 20 wherein said power source is a photovoltaic power source.
27. A heating system for a bridge deck comprising: a first layer; a second layer made of an electrically conductive material situated atop said first layer; a thermal insulating layer disposed between said first layer and said second layer; and means for applying an electrical current to said second layer.
28. The heating system of claim 27 wherein said second layer comprises a cementitious composite admixed with a plurality of electrically conductive components.
29. The heating system of claim 28 wherein said plurality of electrically conductive components are metal particles and metal fibers.
30. The heating system of claim 29 wherein said means to apply an electrical current comprises a power source capable of applying an electrical current to a planar surface of said second layer sufficient to heat said planar surface to a temperature greater than 0 °C.
31. The heating system of claim 30 wherein said means to apply an electrical current comprises a power source capable of applying an average electrical power of W/m2 to said electrically conductive material.
32. The heating system of claim 30 wherein said power source is a direct current power source.
33. The heating system of claim 30 wherein said power source is an alternate current power source.
34. The heating system of claim 30 wherein said power source is a photovoltaic power source.
35. The heating system of claim 31 wherein said power source is a direct current power source.
36. The heating system of claim 31 wherein said power source is an alternate current power source.
37. The heating system of claim 31 wherein said power source is a photovoltaic power source.
38. A system to melt ice and snow accumulation from a bridge deck comprising:
a first layer; a second layer made of an electrically conductive material situated atop said first layer; and means for applying a radio frequency across said second layer sufficient to create microwave heating of said ice and snow accumulation atop said second layer.
a first layer; a second layer made of an electrically conductive material situated atop said first layer; and means for applying a radio frequency across said second layer sufficient to create microwave heating of said ice and snow accumulation atop said second layer.
39. The system of claim 38 wherein a thermal insulating layer is applied between said first layer and said second layer.
40. A method to apply a conductive concrete surface capable of melting ice and snow accumulation from the surface thereof, comprising: applying a layer of electrically conductive material on top of an existing layer; and applying means whereby an electrical current can be applied to said layer of electrically conductive material, wherein said layer of electrically conductive material comprises a cementitious composite admixed with a plurality of electrically conductive components, and wherein said electrically conductive components include metal fibers and metal particles.
41. The method of claim 40 wherein a thermal insulation layer is applied between said existing layer and said layer of electrically conductive material.
42. A method to apply a conductive concrete surface capable of melting ice and snow accumulation from the surface thereof, comprising: applying a layer of electrically conductive material on top of an existing layer; and applying means whereby a radio frequency can be directed said electrically conductive material.
43. The method of claim 42 wherein a thermal insulation layer is applied between said existing layer and said layer of electrically conductive material.
44. The method of claim 43 wherein said electrically conductive material comprises a cementitious composite admixed with a plurality of electrically conductive components.
45. An insulating material, comprising: between 50 to 99 percent mortar by volume;
and between 1 to 50 percent sawdust by volume.
and between 1 to 50 percent sawdust by volume.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11772299P | 1999-01-29 | 1999-01-29 | |
| US60/117,722 | 1999-01-29 | ||
| PCT/US2000/002261 WO2000045620A1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | Heated bridge deck system and materials and method for constructing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2360198A1 true CA2360198A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
| CA2360198C CA2360198C (en) | 2010-05-11 |
Family
ID=22374482
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2360198A Expired - Fee Related CA2360198C (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2000-01-28 | Heated bridge deck system and materials and method for constructing the same |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2635300A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2360198C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000045620A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2390154B1 (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2013-09-18 | Juan Pablo LÁZARO | INFRARED SAFETY SYSTEM TO AVOID ICE FORMATION AND SNOW ACCUMULATION ON LANDING TRACKS. |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA836117A (en) * | 1970-03-03 | Pferschy Herbert | Electric road surface heaters | |
| AT251631B (en) * | 1963-09-16 | 1967-01-10 | Herbert Dipl Ing Pferschy | Device for heating floor surfaces |
| US3573427A (en) * | 1969-07-30 | 1971-04-06 | Us Army | Electrically conductive asphaltic concrete |
| GB1363429A (en) * | 1972-02-11 | 1974-08-14 | Electricity Council | Concrete |
| CA1117579A (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1982-02-02 | Anthony R. Dymott | Electrically conductive carbon fiber-reinforced cement heating element |
| US4301356A (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1981-11-17 | Sekisui Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Heating unit and method for production thereof |
| SE458083B (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1989-02-20 | Lg Innovations Ab | ELRADIATOR AND APPLICATION OF THE SAME |
| JPS62297265A (en) * | 1986-06-14 | 1987-12-24 | 大成建設株式会社 | Carbon fiber composite high strength refractories |
| US5707171A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1998-01-13 | Zaleski; Peter L. | Electrically conductive paving mixture and pavement system |
-
2000
- 2000-01-28 AU AU26353/00A patent/AU2635300A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-01-28 WO PCT/US2000/002261 patent/WO2000045620A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-01-28 CA CA2360198A patent/CA2360198C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2635300A (en) | 2000-08-18 |
| WO2000045620A8 (en) | 2000-11-02 |
| WO2000045620A1 (en) | 2000-08-03 |
| CA2360198C (en) | 2010-05-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200128 |