CN113008063B - Indoor phase change energy storage device and paving method thereof - Google Patents
Indoor phase change energy storage device and paving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113008063B CN113008063B CN202110275667.2A CN202110275667A CN113008063B CN 113008063 B CN113008063 B CN 113008063B CN 202110275667 A CN202110275667 A CN 202110275667A CN 113008063 B CN113008063 B CN 113008063B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
- F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/08—Electric heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase change energy storage device and a paving method thereof, wherein the phase change energy storage device sequentially comprises the following components from bottom to top: the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the energy storage material layer, the leveling layer and the surface decoration layer are sequentially arranged on the surface of the heat insulation layer; the paving method accurately obtains the quality and the paving thickness of the required energy storage material according to the heating design heat load, the total duration of the electricity price peak section and the thermal physical parameters of the energy storage material. The energy storage material in the floor has high heat storage density and constant phase change temperature, and can store the heat energy of the electric heating layer through the phase change energy storage material, thereby realizing the peak-valley power transfer and reducing the power waste; the quality and the thickness of the energy storage material required in floor laying can be accurately obtained according to the size of a heating room, heating design parameters and thermal physical parameters of the energy storage material, the defect that the energy storage material cannot be accurately quantified in the existing floor laying process is overcome, the heat stored by the energy storage material is fully utilized, energy is saved, environment is protected, full-day heating is realized, and the room temperature is ensured to always meet the requirement of human comfort.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for building and a paving method thereof, in particular to a phase change energy storage device for indoor building materials, a matching method of the phase change energy storage material in the device and a paving method of the device, and belongs to the technical field of building heating.
Background
With the development of industrial technology, the environmental pollution of China is increasingly serious. The heating season of northern area adopts coal-fired heating mostly, leads to sulfur dioxide and dust particulate matter to increase in the air, has brought bigger ambient pressure, consequently seeks the alternative energy and carries out clean heating reluctantly. The electric heating floor radiation heating equipment is flexible in arrangement and free of pollutant emission, and is one of ideal heating modes. According to the actual electricity utilization law, the demand for electricity often has peak period and valley period, and the demand for electricity at night is low under most conditions, and the energy used for generating electricity is easily wasted. The phase change energy storage material can store the off-peak electricity at night in a heat energy mode for use in the daytime, so that the heating load in the daytime is reduced. The floor radiant heating can meet the requirement of 'foot warming and head cold' of a human body, the phase change energy storage material is introduced to reduce the fluctuation range of indoor temperature, the body feeling comfort of people is improved, the 'peak shifting and valley filling' of electric power can be realized, energy is saved, the electricity cost can be further reduced in the area where the segmented electricity price is carried out, and therefore the electric heating floor radiant heating based on the phase change energy storage material has quite extensive research.
For example: the utility model patent No. 02204909.6 discloses a phase change heat accumulation electric heating floor. Set up heat preservation, electric heating layer and by the phase change material layer of stereotyping phase change material constitution between concrete ground and decorative floor overburden: the electric heating layer adopts an electric heating film, and a time controller and a temperature controller which are solidified with a time control program are arranged on the electric heating layer; the phase-change material is used as an energy storage medium, and can utilize electricity of a power supply network at night in the valley period to heat and store heat, and heat is released and warmed in the peak period of the power supply network in the daytime, so that the peak-valley difference of the load of the power network can be adjusted, and the running cost can be saved after the price is calculated by adopting the peak-valley period price of the electricity price.
The utility model discloses a patent 200620159685.5's utility model patent discloses a plane heat accumulation heat preservation type pin-connected panel electric heat floor, including protective layer, generate heat piece, heat accumulation module, heat preservation and electric wire. The heat storage module is embedded on the heat insulation layer, the heating sheet is sealed on the heat storage module through epoxy resin adhesive, the protection layer covers the outer sides of the heat storage module and the heating sheet is connected with the electric wires. The heat storage module consists of a plate-shaped cavity shell and organic paraffin injected into the plate-shaped cavity shell. Wherein the injection of C18-23 organic paraffin is most suitable. The floor has the advantages that: the cavity volume of the supporting body enough for the use amount of the phase-change material can be designed according to the requirement of phase-change output energy to form a radiating surface which leads the temperature to be upward under the optimal heat preservation state from bottom to top, and the energy consumption can be greatly reduced. The structure characteristic of the assembly combination not only saves time but also labor, and simultaneously provides safe guarantee for moisture protection and leakage prevention of the embedded electrical engineering.
The invention patent with application number 201110058182.4 discloses a phase-change energy-storage temperature-adjusting energy-saving floor. The floor is made by using a forming material to make a flat-plate-shaped container with a certain thickness and filling a phase-change energy storage material into the container and then sealing the container. The floor is laid on the ground, when the indoor temperature is higher than the temperature of the phase-change material, the phase-change material in the floor absorbs heat to change the phase from a solid state or a crystalline state to a liquid state, and the heat is stored; when the indoor temperature is lower than the temperature of the phase change material in the floor, the material is changed into a solid state or a crystalline state from a liquid state, and phase change latent heat is released. The phase change floor can be directly paved on the ground for use, and can also be directly used after materials such as plastering mortar, floor tiles, wood floors, carpets and the like are covered on the phase change floor. The applicable ground can be the ground paved with floor heating (water heating or electric heating floor heating) or concrete ground, or the ground paved with ceramic tiles or wood floors.
The invention patent with application number 201410502250.5 discloses a phase change heat storage energy-saving electric heating floor which mainly comprises five parts, namely a floor layer 1, a frame 2, a phase change material layer 3, a heating cable 4 and a heat preservation and insulation material layer 5. The floor layer 1 is a ceramic tile or a composite wood floor; the phase change material layer 3 is an inorganic or organic composite phase change material with the phase change temperature of 20-60 ℃ and the phase change latent heat value of 50-300J/g; the power of the heating cable 4 is 10-30W/m; the frame 2 is made of metal materials or plastic materials; the heat-insulating material layer 5 is a material with low heat conductivity coefficient and certain compressive strength, water resistance, moisture resistance, moth resistance and other functions. The invention can overcome the defects of large temperature fluctuation, frequent starting times and the like caused by over-quick surface heat dissipation of the traditional electric heating floor, achieves the effect of heating in the daytime by utilizing the heat storage of the phase-change material in the peak valley period, and saves the heating cost and energy. The heating floor has the advantages of simple installation, environmental protection, recycling and the like.
The invention patent with application number 201611234187.7 discloses a phase-change energy-storage temperature-control electric heating composite floor and a manufacturing method thereof, which sequentially comprises alpha-Al from top to bottom 2 O 3 Wear-resisting layer, wood grain decorative layer, phase change energy storage accuse temperature layer, low temperature electric heat membrane, insulating layer and stratum basale. The phase-change energy-storage temperature-control layer is obtained by mixing and hot-press molding compound wood powder loaded with polyethylene glycol 1000 in an adsorption manner with polyacrylic acid polyethylene glycol resin. The electric heating composite floor has good temperature control effect and obvious energy-saving effect. Also discloses a manufacturing method of the electric heating composite floor, which comprises the following steps: adsorbing and loading polyethylene glycol 1000 on the composite wood powder; mixing the polyethylene glycol-loaded composite wood powder with polyacrylic acid polyethylene glycol resin, performing open milling and tabletting, and cutting and trimming to obtain a phase change energy storage temperature control layer; alpha-Al is added 2 O 3 The wear-resistant layer, the wood grain decorative layer, the phase-change energy-storage temperature-control layer, the low-temperature electric heating film, the heat-insulating layer and the basal layer are sequentially assembled after being respectively glued, are formed by hot-pressing gluing, are processed into mortises and are coated on the surface.
The invention patent with the application number of 201710545066.2 discloses a novel phase change heat storage ground radiation heating structure, which comprises a wood floor and wood keels, wherein the wood keels are arranged at the bottom of the wood floor at intervals, a heat storage phase change material upper layer and a heat storage phase change material lower layer are arranged between the wood keels, an electric heating device and a waterproof bag are arranged between the heat storage phase change material upper layer and the heat storage phase change material lower layer, and a reflecting film and a heat preservation extruded sheet are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the heat storage phase change material lower layer. This heating structure practices thrift the running cost, through the off-peak electricity period heat accumulation, can realize 24 hours heating, and the room temperature can keep invariable basically, reaches comfortable effect.
Patent application No. 201911159061.1, discloses a phase change material based flooring comprising: the floor comprises a floor layer, a phase change material layer, a balanced heating layer, a heat insulation material layer and a temperature control device; the floor layer is arranged on the surface layer, the heat insulation material layer is arranged on the bottom layer, the balanced heating layer is arranged above the heat insulation material layer, and the phase change material layer is arranged between the floor layer and the balanced heating layer; the balanced heating layer is electrically connected with the temperature control device. The floor provided by the embodiment of the invention can intelligently control the indoor floor temperature, and has the advantages of long heat preservation time and high energy utilization rate.
Most of the electric heating floors based on the phase-change energy storage materials are focused on the structural design and the manufacturing method of the floors, and the appropriate amount of the phase-change energy storage materials and the appropriate laying thickness cannot be determined according to the heating design heat load of the phase-change energy storage materials in the phase-change energy storage device during construction. During floor construction, if the usage amount of the phase change energy storage material is too much, more electric energy than actual demand needs to be consumed to completely melt the phase change energy storage material, electric energy is wasted, but when the usage amount is too little, the heat stored in the phase change energy storage material is insufficient, the heating in the whole period of the daytime power consumption peak period cannot be guaranteed, the power consumption cost is improved, meanwhile, the problem of large indoor temperature fluctuation is difficult to solve, and the living experience is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an indoor phase change energy storage device and a paving method thereof, aiming at the technical defects that the quality of the phase change energy storage material in a floor and the paving thickness of the floor cannot be accurately determined and the electric energy waste or the indoor temperature fluctuation range is large because the heat supplied to a building by the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage floor in unit time cannot be accurately determined in the design and construction process of the existing electric heating phase change energy storage floor, namely the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material cannot be determined. The phase change energy storage device effectively converts the electric energy in the electricity price valley period into self heat energy through a phase change form to be stored, and the heat energy is transferred to the daytime to be released, so that the contradiction between the power demand and the supply in time is balanced, the energy is saved, the electricity cost is reduced, and the constant and comfortable heating temperature is provided; the heating device paved by the energy storage materials is matched by the method, the utilization efficiency of the heat stored by the phase change energy storage materials is high, and the problem that the quality of the energy storage materials cannot be reasonably determined according to the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage materials in the phase change energy storage device, so that the power waste or the poor heating effect is caused is solved. The matching method of the invention provides a basis for the construction of the electric heating phase change energy storage floor by accurately determining the quality and the laying thickness of the energy storage material, thereby obtaining the optimal heating effect; the matching method of the heating design heat load, the phase change energy storage material quality and the floor thickness has the advantages of few measured parameters, simple calculation, accurate result and small error.
The "heating design heat load" is the amount of heat supplied to the building per unit time. The heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device refers to the heat supplied by the phase change energy storage material to a building in unit time in order to reach the indoor temperature required in a room to be heated under the outdoor calculated temperature.
The calculated outdoor heating temperature is an assumed average outdoor temperature indicating a degree of coldness when calculating a designed heating load, and is a basis for determining the designed heating load.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides an indoor phase-change energy storage device, which comprises a heat insulation layer, an electric heating layer, a phase-change energy storage layer, a leveling layer and a surface decoration layer which are sequentially overlapped from bottom to top.
The lower part is a concrete floor of a room to be heated. The heat insulation layer is used for preventing heat from being transmitted to the concrete floor of a room where the phase change energy storage device is to be installed, and ineffective heat loss is reduced.
The heat insulating layer is a polystyrene foam plastic plate or foamed cement, preferably foamed cement; the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 35-60mm, preferably 45-50 mm.
The electric heating layer heats after being electrified, converts electric energy into heat energy, provides heat energy for the phase change energy storage material layer, promotes the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage material layer to generate phase change, and provides indoor heating.
Particularly, the electric heating layer is an electric heating cable layer or an electric heating film layer made of electric heating materials; preferably an electrothermal film layer; the thickness of the electrothermal layer is 0.1-0.5mm, preferably 0.37 mm.
In particular, the thickness of the electrothermal film layer is 0.1-0.5mm, preferably 0.37 mm.
Particularly, the electric heating layer is connected with a power supply through a lead, and the electric heating layer is electrified and heated after the power supply is switched on.
The phase change energy storage layer is made of a phase change energy storage material and a packaging box, wherein the phase change energy storage material is placed in the packaging box and sealed.
When the phase change energy storage material sealed in the packaging box reaches the phase change temperature in the process of temperature rise or temperature reduction, the material is subjected to substance state change, namely phase change, and absorbs or releases a large amount of latent heat in the phase change process.
Particularly, the phase-change energy storage material is a phase-change material with the phase-change temperature of 24-44 ℃ and preferably 30-44 ℃.
Particularly, the phase change latent heat of the phase change energy storage material is 160-270J/g, and preferably 200-270J/g.
Wherein the phase-change material is one or more of organic paraffin, organic fatty acid, organic polyol or inorganic hydrated salt.
In particular, the organic paraffin phase-change material selects one or more of n-octadecane (the phase-change temperature is 27.5 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 244.00J/g), n-eicosane (the phase-change temperature is 36.4 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 247.30J/g) or n-docosane (the phase-change temperature is 41.6 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 243.20J/g);
the inorganic hydrated salt phase-change material is selected from calcium chloride hexahydrate (the phase-change temperature is 29.1 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 184.79J/g) or/and sodium sulfate decahydrate (the phase-change temperature is 28.9 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 234.33J/g);
the phase-change material is a composite phase-change energy storage material consisting of two or more phase-change materials.
In particular, the composite phase change energy storage material is selected from n-capric acid-myristica fragrans (the phase change temperature is 24.3 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 168.82J/g), n-capric acid-palmitic acid (the phase change temperature is 26.6 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 171.04J/g), n-capric acid-stearic acid (the phase change temperature is 29.8 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 172.68J/g), palmitic acid-myristic acid (the phase change temperature is 43.8 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 186.60J/g) or sodium acetate trihydrate-formamide (the phase change temperature is 37.5 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 197.60J/g).
In particular, the packaging box is made of polypropylene or stainless steel material, preferably stainless steel material.
Wherein the leveling layer is a cement mortar leveling layer, a fine stone concrete leveling layer or an asphalt mortar leveling layer; preferably a cement mortar leveling layer; the thickness of the leveling layer is 30-50mm, and preferably 40 mm.
Particularly, the surface decorative layer is a solid wood floor, a solid wood composite floor, a strengthened floor, a polished tile, a glazed tile or a full-body tile, and preferably the solid wood floor; the thickness of the surface decoration is 10-22mm, preferably 12 mm.
The floor of the decorative surface layer is a solid wood floor for ground heating which meets the technical requirements of the solid wood floor for ground heating of the national standard GB/T35913 and 2018.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for paving an indoor phase change energy storage device is provided, which comprises the following steps:
1) measuring the external vertical surface area S of the room to be heated f And the surface area S of the indoor floor d ；
2) Looking up a building structure diagram of a room to be heated to obtain building materials of all layers of an outer wall of the room and the thickness delta of the building materials; then, measuring the heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the building material which is the same as the material of each layer of the outer wall by using a heat conductivity coefficient measuring instrument; then, measuring the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (1):
in formula (1), K: heat conduction system of outer wall of room to be heatedNumber, W/(m) 2 ·K)；α n : heat exchange coefficient of inner wall surface of outer wall, W/(m) 2 K); δ: the thickness of each layer of the outer wall material is m; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") λ : the coefficient of heat conductivity of each layer of material of the outer wall is corrected; λ: the thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of the outer wall material is W/(m.K); r K : thermal resistance of enclosed air space in exterior wall (m) 2 ·K)/W；α w : heat exchange coefficient of outer facade of outer wall, W/(m) 2 ·K)；
3) Looking up meteorological data of an area to be heated, and acquiring the outdoor calculated temperature Tw of a room to be heated during heating; determining the indoor design temperature T of a room to be heated during heating n (ii) a Then, the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated is measured according to the formula (5) P ：
Q P ＝Q P1 +Q P2 +Q P3 (5)
In the formula (5), Q P : the heating of the room to be heated is designed with a heat load W; q P1 : heat loss of the outer wall foundation of the room to be heated, W; q P2 : adding heat loss W to the outer wall of a room to be heated; q P3 : cold air penetrating heat loss of a room to be heated, W;
4) looking up a sales electricity price table of a region where a room to be heated is located, and measuring the electricity consumption price valley period time and the total time length of the electricity price valley period time; the time of the electricity price peak section and the total time length n of the electricity price peak section Peak(s) (ii) a Determining the mass m of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6) P ：
In the formula (6), m P : the mass of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device is kg; n is a radical of an alkyl radical Peak(s) : the total duration of the electricity price peak section, h; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") Pv : the heat release rate correction coefficient of the phase change energy storage material; q P : the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is W; l is P : latent heat of phase change of the phase change energy storage material, J/g; t is P : the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage material is DEG C; t is n : for supplying toThe indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C when the room is warm;
5) determining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P Then, encapsulate phase change energy storage material in the encapsulation box, make phase change energy storage layer, wherein the thickness of encapsulation box and phase change energy storage material lay the thickness phase-match:
in the formula (7), d P : the thickness of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device arranged in the room to be heated is mm; m is a unit of P : the mass of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device is kg; rho P : density of phase change energy storage material, kg/m 3 ；S d : surface area m of ground in the room to be heated 2 ；
6) The materials and the thicknesses of the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the leveling layer and the surface decoration layer of the phase change energy storage device are respectively designed according to the technical rules of radiant heating and cooling of the standard JGJ 142-2012, and then the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer, the leveling layer and the surface decoration layer are sequentially laid on the ground of a room to be heated from bottom to top.
Wherein the outer facade area S in step 1) f Surface area S of indoor floor d The determination was carried out as follows: measuring the width and height of the outer vertical surface of a room to be heated; measuring the length and width of the indoor floor, and calculating the area of the outer vertical surface of the room and the surface area of the indoor floor;
in particular, the facade area S f The sum of the product of the width and the height of the vertical surface outside the room; surface area S of indoor floor d Is the sum of the product of the ground length and width.
In particular, the area and surface area of the outer vertical surface are measured in step 1) by using a tape measure, a steel ruler or a handheld distance meter.
The facade is a two-dimensional interface where the outer wall of the room to be heated and the external space are in direct contact.
WhereinAlpha in step 2) n 7.0 to 8.7, preferably 8.1 to 8.7; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") λ 1.15 to 1.60, preferably 1.20 to 1.25; r K 0.10 to 0.71, preferably 0.14 to 0.15; alpha is alpha w 6 to 23, preferably 12 to 17.
In particular, when the ceiling of the room to be heated is a ceiling, α n Taking 8.1; when the ceiling of the room to be heated is a directly plastered ceiling, alpha n And 8.7 of the sample is taken. When the room to be heated is the top floor, alpha w Taking 17; when the room to be heated is not the top floor, alpha w And taking 12.
Wherein, T in step 3) n Is 18-24 deg.C, preferably 21-22 deg.C; t is w The preparation method comprises the following steps: and looking up meteorological data of the area to be heated, and taking the outdoor average temperature of the area of the room to be heated in the coldest month of the last year as the heating outdoor calculated temperature Tw.
In order to meet the requirement of comfortable body feeling of people, the indoor design temperature T n Is 18-24 deg.C, preferably 21-22 deg.C. For example: the outdoor calculated temperature during the heating of Beijing in 2020 in winter is-7.6 ℃, which indicates that the outdoor average temperature of the coldest month in Beijing area in 2019 in the last year is-7.6 ℃.
Heating design heat load Q P The phase change energy storage material is used for supplying heat to a building in unit time under the condition that the outdoor temperature is calculated during heating and in order to reach the indoor temperature required in a heating room.
In particular, the heat loss Q of the outer wall foundation in the step 3) P1 Determined according to equation (2):
Q P1 ＝α ew S f K(T n -T w ) (2)
in the formula (2), Q P1 : heat loss of the outer wall foundation of the room to be heated, W; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") ew : temperature difference correction coefficient of the outer wall; s f : area of outer vertical surface of room to be heated, m 2 (ii) a K: the heat conductivity coefficient of the outer wall of the room to be heated is calculated according to the formula (1), W/(m) 2 ·K)；T n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C during heating; t is w : the outdoor temperature outside the room is calculated at DEG C during heating.
In particular, said alpha ew 0.3 to 1.0, preferably 0.60 to 0.75.
Wherein, the external wall additional heat loss Q in the step 3) P2 Determined according to equation (3):
Q P2 ＝(δ towards +δ Wind (W) +δ Outer door +δ Height of )Q P1 (3)
In the formula (3), Q P2 : additional heat loss of the outer wall of the room to be heated, W; delta Facing towards : orientation correction percentage; delta Wind power : wind add-on percentage; delta Outer door : the exterior door add-on percentage; delta High (a) : a height add-on percentage; q P1 : and (3) calculating the basic heat loss of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (2), W.
In particular, said delta Facing towards From-30% to 10%, preferably from 2% to 5%; delta Wind power 4 to 10 percent, preferably 4 to 6 percent; delta Outer door The number of floors (namely the number of floors of a building where a room to be heated is located) is 65 percent; delta Height of 0 to 8 percent, preferably 2 to 4 percent.
Wherein, the cold air infiltration heat loss Q in the step 3) P3 Determined according to equation (4):
Q P3 ＝0.28c a ρ a G(T n -T w ) (4)
in the formula (4), Q P3 : cold air penetrating heat loss of a room to be heated, W; c. C a : the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of air at outdoor design temperature during heating is kJ/(kg.K); rho a : air density in kg/m at outdoor design temperature during heating 3 (ii) a G: cold air penetration m of room to be heated 3 /h；T n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at the temperature of DEG C during heating; t is w : the outdoor temperature, deg.C, outside the room is calculated during heating.
In particular, c is a According to the thermophysical property table of the dry air; rho a According to the thermophysical property table of the dry air; g is 10 to 25m 3 Preferably 15 to 18 m/h 3 /h。
In particular, the thermophysical properties of the dry air are tabulated in the theory of wood drying [ M ]. and bin, editions by imarelin, beijing: china forestry press 2016.p 163.
The constant pressure specific heat capacity and air density of air at the outdoor design temperature during heating were obtained by referring to the thermal physical property table of dry air in Wood drying theory (of bin, Edison's eds., Beijing: China forestry Press.2016).
Wherein, the alpha in the step 4) Pv Is 2.0 to 3.0.
In particular, the method also comprises a step 4A) of selecting the phase-change energy storage material and measuring the phase-change temperature T of the phase-change energy storage material P Phase change latent heat L P Density ρ P And then determining the mass of the required phase change energy storage material according to the formula (6).
In particular, a differential scanning calorimeter is used for measuring the phase change temperature and the latent heat of phase change of the phase change energy storage material, and the phase change temperature T is selected P The temperature is 24-44 ℃, and the preferred temperature is 30-44 ℃; then selecting the latent heat of phase change L P 160-270J/g, preferably 200-270J/g of phase change energy storage material; the density ρ of the selected phase change energy storage material is then determined using a densitometer P 。
In particular, the phase change energy storage material is selected from one or more of organic paraffin, organic fatty acid, organic polyol or inorganic hydrated salt, and organic paraffin is preferred; or a composite phase-change energy storage material formed by selecting two or more phase-change energy storage materials.
In particular, the total duration n of the electricity price peak section in equation (6) Peak(s) The method is obtained by inquiring the time-of-use electricity price policy of the place to be heated.
Electricity price peak section: according to the file spirit of the joint issuing of the economic trade Committee of the price bureau of things and electricity industry, the peak-to-valley electricity consumption of the living electricity of residents is a new electricity price category for developing test points among urban residents. The method divides 24 hours a day into two time periods, the time period of 14 hours of 8: 00-22:00 is called a peak period (namely, the peak period of electricity utilization), and the execution peak electricity price is 0.568 yuan/kwh; the 10 hours of 22: 00-8: 00 days are called valley sections (namely valley sections), and the valley electricity price is 0.288 yuan/kwh.
In particular, the packaging box in the step 5) is made of polypropylene or stainless steel material, preferably stainless steel material.
In particular, the thickness of the encapsulation box is matched to the layer thickness of the phase change energy storage material determined according to equation (7).
Wherein the thickness of the heat insulating layer in the step 6) is 35-60 mm; the thickness of the electric heating layer is 0.1-0.5 mm; the thickness of the leveling layer is 30-50 mm; the thickness of the surface decorative layer is 10-22 mm.
The selection of the materials and the thicknesses of all layers of the device provided by the invention, the selection of the materials and the thickness design of all the layers except the phase change energy storage layer are based on the regulation of the fourth chapter of the technical code of radiant heating and cooling of JGJ 142-2012.
The construction of laying the phase change energy storage device comprises the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of checking construction schemes, materials and equipment, paving a heat insulation layer, installing a heating cable or an electric heating film system, paving a phase change energy storage material layer, paving a leveling layer, paving a decorative surface layer and checking and accepting quality.
The advantages of the method of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. the phase change energy storage material in the device has constant phase change temperature and large heat storage density, can effectively improve the building heating performance and reduce the building energy consumption, is combined with electric heating radiation heating to improve the stability of indoor temperature, realizes the transfer of peak valley electric power, saves resources, reduces the electricity consumption cost, does not produce harmful gas in the using process of the device, is clean and environment-friendly, and belongs to environment-friendly materials.
2. The electric heating is used as an alternative form of the traditional coal-fired heating, has the advantages of flexible arrangement, strong power supply guarantee capability, no pollution and the like, and is particularly suitable for remote areas which are difficult to cover by natural gas pipe networks. Combine together phase change energy storage material and electric heating floor radiant heating, make full use of phase change energy storage and electric heating characteristics between them, "peak load shifting" of electric power is realized, when reducing the power consumption cost, can also guarantee that indoor temperature is invariable, improves the thermal comfort of environment.
3. According to the invention, the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is obtained through the size of the room to be heated and the heating design parameters, namely the heating design heat load of the heating room, and the quality and the laying thickness of the energy storage material required by the phase change energy storage device are accurately obtained according to the thermal physical properties (phase change temperature, phase change latent heat and density) of the energy storage material. The method accurately matches the consumption of the phase change energy storage material in the heating room, namely, the quality of the energy storage material matched with the heating design heat load is accurately obtained, and a reasonable construction scheme is determined before construction; on the other hand, the laying thickness of the energy storage material can be accurately obtained, the defect that the using amount of the phase change energy storage material cannot be accurately determined in the existing construction is overcome, the construction laying precision of the device is improved, and the construction quality is optimized.
4. The invention can utilize the heat stored by the energy storage material to the maximum extent, and reasonably configures the mass of the energy storage material required by the phase change energy storage device according to the specific space size of a room to be heated, thereby avoiding the problems of power waste or poor heating effect caused by too large or too small mass matching.
5. The method can overcome the defect that the consumption of the energy storage material in the phase-change energy storage device in the room to be heated cannot be accurately determined in the prior art, is suitable for a floor radiant heating system combining the energy storage material and the floor in any mode, and has the advantages of less measurement parameters, simple calculation process and accurate calculation result.
6. The method can accurately match the quality and the laying thickness of the energy storage material required by the phase change energy storage device aiming at different areas and different heating spaces, complete the heating design in the building room, and ensure the optimal heating effect and the lowest heating energy consumption.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an electrically heated phase change energy storage device in embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 1A is a schematic structural diagram of a phase change energy storage layer according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a matching method of energy storage materials in a phase change energy storage device.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a heat insulating layer; 2. an electric heating layer; 3. a phase change energy storage layer; 31. a phase change energy storage material; 32. packaging the box; 4. leveling layer; 5. and (6) decorating a surface layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the phase change energy storage device of the invention comprises a heat insulation layer 1, an electric heating layer 2, a phase change energy storage layer 3, a leveling layer 4 and a decorative surface layer 5 which are sequentially overlapped together, wherein the heat insulation layer is in contact with a concrete ground of a room to be heated, wherein the room is laid with a floor, namely when the floor is laid, the heat insulation layer is laid and fixed on the concrete ground of the room, and the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer, the leveling layer and the decorative surface layer are sequentially arranged from bottom to top.
The heat insulation layer can block heat from being transferred to the concrete ground surface, and ineffective heat loss is reduced. The heat insulating layer is a polystyrene foam plastic plate or foamed cement, preferably foamed cement, and the thickness of the heat insulating layer is 35-60mm, preferably 45-50 mm;
the electric heating layer is an electric heating cable layer or an electric heating film layer made of electric heating materials, the electric heating layer is connected with a power supply through a lead, the electric heating layer is electrified and heated after the power supply is switched on, and the electric heating layer is preferably an electric heating film, and the thickness of the electric heating layer is 0.1-0.5mm, preferably 0.37 mm.
The electric heating layer generates heat after being electrified, provides heat energy for the phase change energy storage material layer, promotes the intraformational energy storage material of comparing of phase change energy storage material to take place the phase change, changes the electric energy into heat energy to give the surface decorative layer with heat energy transfer, for indoor heating, still with the storage of many waste heat energy simultaneously.
The phase change energy storage layer is composed of a phase change energy storage material 31 and a packaging box 32, and the phase change energy storage material is packaged in the packaging box, as shown in fig. 1A. When the phase change energy storage material sealed in the packaging box reaches the phase change temperature in the process of temperature rise or temperature reduction, the material is subjected to substance state change (namely phase change), and a large amount of latent heat is absorbed or released in the phase change process.
The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage material is 24-44 ℃, and preferably 30-44 ℃; the latent heat of phase change is 160-270J/g, preferably 200-270J/g.
The phase change energy storage material is one or more of organic paraffin, organic fatty acid, organic polyol or inorganic hydrated salt.
The organic paraffin phase-change material selects one or more of n-octadecane (the phase-change temperature is 27.5 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 244.00J/g), n-eicosane (the phase-change temperature is 36.4 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 247.30J/g) or n-docosane (the phase-change temperature is 41.6 ℃, and the phase-change latent heat is 243.20J/g);
the inorganic hydrated salt phase-change material selects calcium chloride hexahydrate (the phase-change temperature is 29.1 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 184.79J/g) or/and sodium sulfate decahydrate (the phase-change temperature is 28.9 ℃, the phase-change latent heat is 234.33J/g);
the phase-change energy storage material is also a composite phase-change energy storage material consisting of two or more phase-change materials.
The composite phase change energy storage material is selected from n-decanoic acid-myristica fragrans (the phase change temperature is 24.3 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 168.82J/g), n-decanoic acid-palmitic acid (the phase change temperature is 26.6 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 171.04J/g), n-decanoic acid-stearic acid (the phase change temperature is 29.8 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 172.68J/g), palmitic acid-myristic acid (the phase change temperature is 43.8 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 186.60J/g) or sodium acetate trihydrate-formamide (the phase change temperature is 37.5 ℃, and the phase change latent heat is 197.60J/g).
The packaging box can avoid leakage of the liquid phase-change material, so that the heating effect is ensured, and the packaging box is made of cross-linked polyethylene, aluminum plastic or stainless steel materials, preferably the stainless steel materials.
The leveling layer is laid on the phase change energy storage layer, the height of the phase change energy storage layer can be unified, and laying of a subsequent decorative surface layer is facilitated. The leveling layer is a cement mortar leveling layer, a fine stone concrete leveling layer or an asphalt mortar leveling layer; preferably a cement mortar leveling layer, the thickness is 30-50mm, preferably 40 mm;
the surface decorative layer is a layer facing air, namely a surface layer of the device, and the surface decorative layer is a solid wood floor, a solid wood composite floor, a strengthened floor, a polished tile, a glazed tile or a whole brick; preferably a solid wood floor, the thickness is 10-22mm, preferably 12 mm;
the working principle of the phase change energy storage device is as follows:
the phase change energy storage device after being paved and quality-checked is powered on in the valley period of night electricity price, the electric heating layer is powered on and releases heat, the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage layer which is tightly attached to the upper part of the electric heating layer absorbs heat and generates phase change, the phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat and is converted from a solid state to a liquid state, and meanwhile the heat is also upwards transferred to the decorative surface layer, so that indoor heating is achieved, and the phase change energy storage device is a heat storage phase of the phase change energy storage material, so that heat energy is stored, and heating is achieved for rooms.
When the electricity price valley period time is over, the power supply is disconnected, the electric heating layer is stopped to be electrified, the phase-change energy storage material continuously releases heat due to the temperature difference with the surrounding environment, the phase-change energy storage material supplies heat indoors, meanwhile, the phase-change energy storage material changes phase along with the prolonging of time, the phase state is changed from the liquid state to the solid state again, the phase-change energy storage material releases heat, and the phase-change energy storage material releases heat for room heating.
Through the configuration to the phase change energy storage material of reasonable quality in the different heating spaces, can guarantee that the heat that the phase change energy storage material stored at electrovalence trough time is just in time used for electrovalence peak time completely, be about to the power load of peak period shift to the trough, thereby reduce the power consumption in the electrovalence peak time, alleviate electric power burden, reduce the power consumption cost, simultaneously because phase change energy storage material phase transition in-process temperature is almost unchangeable, can ensure indoor constancy of temperature, the heating is experienced well.
According to the description of the specific embodiment of the invention, the energy storage material is applied to the radiant heating system of the electric heating floor, the electric heating layer is electrified in the valley period of electricity price, the phase-change energy storage material stores the heat generated by the electric heating layer during electrification and releases the heat in the daytime, the peak shifting and valley filling of the electric power are realized, the electricity cost is reduced, and the indoor temperature stability is improved; meanwhile, the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is obtained through the room size and the heating design parameters, and the quality and the laying thickness of the energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage floor are accurately obtained by combining the phase change temperature, the phase change latent heat and the density of the energy storage material.
The invention is based on the room size and heating design parameters (the room interior design temperature T during heating) n Outdoor calculated temperature T during heating w ) And the thermal physical parameters of the energy storage material, namely the quality and the laying thickness of the energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device can be accurately obtained, and the problem that in the prior art, the power waste or the heating quality is poor due to the fact that the quality of the energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is too large or too small, and further large-scale industrial application cannot be implemented is solved. Through the quality of accurate definite energy storage material and lay thickness, can carry out rational design to the construction scheme, improve construction quality to can guarantee that the indoor temperature of heating in-process is invariable, optimize the heating effect, realize that electric power "peak load shifting" saves the heating cost.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a room in Beijing city is selected, the number of floors of the room to be heated is 3, the room to be heated is the top floor, and the ceiling of the room to be heated is a directly plastered ceiling; the organic paraffin phase-change energy storage material is used as the phase-change energy storage material in the phase-change energy storage device of this embodiment, and the example is described with the heat being supplied to the room during the heating period in winter.
1. Measuring the external vertical surface area and the indoor floor surface area of a room to be heated
1-1, measuring the width and height of the outer vertical surface of the room to be heated through a tape, a steel ruler or a handheld distance meter.
The outer vertical surface is a two-dimensional interface which is directly contacted with the outer wall of a room to be heated and an external space; the outer wall refers to a three-dimensional wall body with a certain thickness and formed by a multi-layer structure.
1-2, determining the external vertical surface area S of the room to be heated f I.e. the sum of the product of the width and height of the facade outside the room.
And 1-3, measuring the length and the width of the indoor ground of the room to be heated through a tape measure, a steel ruler or a handheld distance meter.
1-4, determining the surface area S of the indoor floor of the room to be heated d I.e. the sum of the products of the ground length and width.
For example: outer vertical surface area S of room to be heated f Is 76.12m 2 (ii) a Surface area S of floor in room d Is 34.80m 2 。
2. Selective phase change energy storage material
And 2-1, measuring the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the phase change energy storage material by using a differential scanning calorimeter.
2-2, firstly, selecting a phase change material with the phase change temperature within 30-44 ℃ (usually within 24-44 ℃). The phase-change material in the temperature range can ensure that the surface temperature of the decorative layer and the indoor temperature are in a reasonable temperature range, and the human body feels most comfortable at the moment. If the phase transition temperature is too high, the ground temperature exceeds the range of comfortable feeling of a human body, and meanwhile, the temperature of the electric heating layer also needs to be correspondingly increased, so that the power supply burden of the electric heating layer is increased; the phase transition temperature cannot be too low, which would make the floor temperature below the range where the human body feels comfortable. Therefore, the phase-change material with the phase-change temperature within 30-44 ℃ is selected to be optimal.
2-3, selecting the phase change material with the phase change latent heat within 200-270J/g (generally 160-270J/g) from the phase change materials with the phase change temperature within 30-44 ℃. If the latent heat of phase change is too high, the heat stored in the phase change energy storage material in the heat storage stage is excessive, and the power supply burden of the electric heating layer is increased; if the latent heat of phase change is too low, the heat stored in the phase change energy storage material in the heat storage stage is too little to meet the heat demand of the whole heat release stage, so that the indoor temperature in the daytime is lower. Therefore, the phase change material with the phase change latent heat within 200-270J/g is selected to be optimal.
2-4, measuring the density of the phase-change material selected in the step 2-3) by using a densitometer.
In the embodiment, n-eicosane is selected as a phase change energy storage material, the phase change temperature is 36.4 ℃, the latent heat of phase change is 247.3J/g, and the density is 800kg/m 3 。
3. Measuring heat conductivity coefficient K of outer wall of room to be heated
3-1, looking up a building structure diagram of a room to be heated to obtain building materials of each layer of an outer wall of the room and the thickness (delta) of the building materials; then, measuring the heat conductivity coefficient (lambda) of the building material which is the same as the material of each layer of the outer wall by using a heat conductivity coefficient measuring instrument;
in this embodiment, from indoor to outdoor, the material and the thickness of outer wall are in proper order: the heat conductivity coefficient of each layer of outer wall material is 0.87W/(m.K), 0.76W/(m.K), 0.04W/(m.K), 0.93W/(m.K) and 1.99W/(m.K) in sequence.
3-2, determining the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (1),
in formula (1), K: thermal conductivity coefficient of outer wall of room to be heated, W/(m) 2 ·K)；α n : heat exchange coefficient of inner wall surface of outer wall, W/(m) 2 K) with the value range of 7.0-8.7, preferably 8.1-8.7; δ: the thickness of each layer of material of the outer wall is m; alpha is alpha λ : the value range of the coefficient of thermal conductivity correction of each layer of the outer wall material is 1.15-1.60, preferably 1.20-1.25; λ: the thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of the outer wall material is W/(m.K); r K : thermal resistance of enclosed air space in exterior wall, (m) 2 K)/W, the value range is 0.10-0.71, preferably 0.14-0.15; alpha is alpha w : heat exchange coefficient of outer wall facade, W/(m) 2 K), the value range is 6-23, preferably 12-17;
wherein alpha is n : when the ceiling of the room to be heated is a suspended ceiling, 8.1 is taken; when the ceiling of the room to be heated is a directly plastered ceiling, 8.7 is taken; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") w : when the room to be heated is the top layer, 17 is taken; when the room to be heated is not the top floor 12.
The definition of ceiling and direct plastered ceiling is: the directly plastered ceiling of Baidu encyclopedia is a method for achieving the decoration purpose by directly spraying, plastering or pasting wallpaper on the bottom surface of a floor slab. The suspended ceiling is called the suspended ceiling for short. For some rooms with high requirements on sound insulation or sound absorption, or uneven and flat floor bottoms, or with pipelines laid at the floor bottoms, a suspended ceiling is often made in the lower space of the floor.
In this example, α n ＝8.7W/(m 2 ·K)；α λ ＝1.25；R K ＝0.14m 2 ·K/W；α w ＝17W/(m 2 K); the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated is 0.39W/(m) 2 ·K)。
4. Determination of the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated P
4-1, in order to meet the comfortable requirement of a human body, the indoor design temperature T of a room (namely a room to be heated) provided with the phase change energy storage device during heating n Determined at 21 deg.C (generally 18-24 deg.C, preferably 21-22 deg.C).
And looking up meteorological data of the area to be heated, and acquiring the outdoor calculated temperature Tw of the room to be heated in heating, wherein the outdoor calculated temperature is the average outdoor temperature of the coldest month in the last year in the heating area.
Looking up the meteorological data of 2020 years in Beijing, January is the coldest month in Beijing, and the outdoor average temperature is the lowest and is-6.9 ℃, so that the outdoor calculated temperature T of the room during heating in Beijing is the highest w It was-6.9 ℃.
4-2, determining the outer wall base heat loss Q of the room to be heated according to the formula (2) P1 ，
Q P1 ＝α ew S f K(T n -T w ) (2)
In the formula (2), Q P1 : heat loss of the outer wall foundation of the room to be heated, W; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") ew : the temperature difference correction coefficient of the outer wall is in a value range of 0.3-1.0, preferably 0.60-0.75; s f : area of outer vertical surface of room to be heated, m 2 (ii) a K: the heat conductivity coefficient of the outer wall of the room to be heated is calculated according to the formula (1), W/(m) 2 ·K)；T n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C during heating; t is a unit of w : the outdoor temperature, deg.C, outside the room is calculated during heating.
In this embodiment, the temperature difference correction coefficient α of the outer wall ew ＝0.60；T n ＝21℃；T w ＝-6.9℃；K＝0.39W/(m 2 K). Outer wall foundation heat loss Q of room to be heated P1 ＝496.96W。
4-3, determining the additional heat loss Q of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (3) P2 ，
Q P2 ＝(δ Facing towards +δ Wind power +δ Outer door +δ Height of )Q P1 (3)
In the formula (3), Q P2 : additional heat loss of the outer wall of the room to be heated, W; delta Facing towards : the value range is-30% -10%, preferably 2% -5% towards the correction percentage; delta Wind (W) : the wind power additional percentage has the value range of 4-10 percent, preferably 4-6 percent; delta Outer door : the additional percentage of the outer door is calculated by 65 percent multiplied by the number of floors; delta. for the preparation of a coating High (a) : the height adding percentage is in the value range of 0-8%, preferably 2-4%; q P1 : and (3) calculating the basic heat loss of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (2), W.
In this embodiment, δ Towards ＝5％，δ Wind power ＝6％，δ Outer door 195% (i.e., 65% × 3), δ Height of 2% of the total weight. Calculating Q according to equation (3) P2 ＝1033.68W。
4-4, determining the cold air infiltration heat loss Q of the room to be heated according to the formula (4) P3 ，
Q P3 ＝0.28c a ρ a G(T n -T w ) (4)
In the formula (4), Q P3 : cold air infiltration heat loss, W, of a room to be heated; c. C a : air constant pressure specific heat capacity at outdoor design temperature during heating, kJ/(kg. K), c a According to the thermophysical property table of the dry air; rho a : air density in kg/m at outdoor design temperature during heating 3 Determined according to the thermophysical property table of the dry air; g: cold air penetration m of room to be heated 3 H, the value range is 10-25 m 3 Preferably 15 to 18 m/h 3 /h；T n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C during heating; t is w : the outdoor temperature outside the room is calculated at DEG C during heating.
The thermophysical properties of the dry air are described in and bin, authored by iturin. China forestry press 2016.p 163. The constant pressure specific heat capacity and air density of air at the outdoor design temperature for heating were obtained by referring to the thermal physical property table of dry air in Wood drying theory (of bin, Edison's eds., Beijing: China forestry Press.2016).
In this example, T w At-6.9 ℃, look up the thermophysical properties table of dry air, at an outdoor calculated temperature, c a ＝1.01kJ/(kg·K)，ρ a ＝1.327kg/m 3 (ii) a Cold air penetration G18 m 3 H is used as the reference value. Calculating Q according to equation (4) P3 ＝188.46W。
4-5, in order to maintain the indoor temperature substantially constant, it is necessary to balance the heat loss and the heat supply of the room, and therefore, the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated is determined according to the formula (5) P ，
Q P ＝Q P1 +Q P2 +Q P3 (5)
In the formula (5), Q P : designing heat load W for heating rooms to be heated; q P1 : heat loss of the outer wall foundation of the room to be heated, W; q P2 : adding heat loss W to the outer wall of a room to be heated; q P3 : and (5) heat loss caused by cold air permeation of a room to be heated, W.
Calculating the heating design heat load Q according to the formula (5) P ＝1719.1W。
5. Determining mass m of phase change energy storage material required in phase change energy storage device P
Determining electricity consumption valley period time and total electricity price valley period time duration according to a sales electricity price table of a region where the phase change energy storage device is installed; time of electricity price peak and total time length n of electricity price peak Peak(s) (ii) a Obtaining the mass m of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6) P ，
Formula (6)) M in P : the mass of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device is kg; n is a radical of an alkyl radical Peak(s) : the total duration of the electricity price peak section, h; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") Pv : the heat release rate correction coefficient of the phase change energy storage material is in a value range of 2.0-3.0; q P : the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is W; l is P : latent heat of phase change of the phase change energy storage material, J/g; t is P : the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage material is DEG C; t is n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C during heating.
In the embodiment, according to a sale electricity price table of Beijing city, the time of the trough section of the Beijing commercial electricity price is 23 hours to 7 hours in the next morning, namely 23:00-7:00, and the total time of the trough section of the electricity price is 8 hours; the time of the electricity price peak section is 7:00-23:00, and the total time length n of the electricity price peak section Peak(s) 16 hours. Therefore, the phase change energy storage material is heated by electrifying at 23:00-7:00 for heat energy storage, and the phase change energy storage material is released by powering off at 7:00-23:00 for heat supply in the peak time of electricity price. Heat release rate correction coefficient alpha of phase change energy storage material Pv 3.0. Obtaining the mass m of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6) P ＝537kg。
6. Determining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P ，
In the formula (7), d P : the thickness of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device arranged in the room to be heated is mm; m is a unit of P : the mass of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device is kg; rho P : density of phase change energy storage material, kg/m 3 ；S d : floor surface area in the room to be heated m 2 。
In the embodiment of the invention, S d ＝34.80m 2 (ii) a Obtaining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P Is 20 mm.
And encapsulating the phase change energy storage material in an encapsulation box, wherein the thickness of the encapsulation box is matched with the laying thickness of the phase change energy storage material to prepare the phase change energy storage material layer.
7. Completing the construction of the phase-change energy storage device
7-1, according to the above results, the embodiment of the present invention provides a phase change energy storage device, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises the following materials and thicknesses in sequence from the bottom surface to the upper surface: the foaming cement heat insulation layer is 35mm, the electric heating film electric heating layer is 0.37mm, the paraffin phase change energy storage layer packaged by the stainless steel box is 20mm, the cement mortar leveling layer is 40mm, and the solid wood floor surface decoration layer is 12 mm.
The selection of materials and thicknesses of all layers of the device disclosed by the invention, the selection of materials and thickness design of all the layers except the phase-change energy storage layer are based on the regulation of chapter IV of technical regulation of radiant heating and cooling of 2012 of standard JGJ 142.
7-2, completing construction of the phase change energy storage device, wherein the construction is carried out according to the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of construction scheme, material and equipment inspection, the laying of a foamed cement heat insulation layer, the installation of an electric heating film system, the laying of a phase change energy storage material layer, the laying of a cement mortar leveling layer, the surface decoration laying of the solid wood floor and quality acceptance inspection.
The heating room of the phase change energy storage device is paved strictly according to the specification, continuous heating is carried out in winter heating season, the average temperature of the indoor room in 12 months is 21 +/-0.3 ℃, the average temperature of the indoor room in the coldest month 1 month is 21 +/-0.3 ℃, and the indoor design temperature T is required by heating design parameters n The temperature of 21 ℃ is basically the same, the error range is within 1.5 percent, the requirement is met, and the indoor daytime temperature and the indoor night temperature are balanced.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a room in the Shanghai is selected, the number of floors of the room to be heated is 6, the room is not the top floor, and the ceiling of the room to be heated is a ceiling; the composite phase-change energy storage material is used as the phase-change energy storage material in the phase-change energy storage device of this embodiment, and the example of heating a room in winter is described.
1. Measuring the external vertical surface area and the indoor floor surface area of a room to be heated
1-1, measuring the width and height of the outer vertical surface of the room to be heated through a tape, a steel ruler or a handheld distance meter.
1-2, determining the external vertical surface area S of the room to be heated f I.e. the sum of the product of the width and height of the facade outside the room.
And 1-3, measuring the length and width of the ground to be provided with the phase change energy storage device by a tape, a steel ruler or a handheld distance meter.
1-4, determining the indoor floor surface area S of the room to be heated d I.e. the sum of the products of the ground length and width.
For example: outer vertical surface area S of room to be heated f Is 105.11m 2 (ii) a Surface area S of indoor floor d Is 55.3m 2 。
2. Selective phase change energy storage material
And 2-1, measuring the phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat of the phase change energy storage material by using a differential scanning calorimeter.
2-2, firstly selecting phase change materials with the phase change temperature within 30-44 ℃, and then selecting phase change materials with the phase change latent heat within 200-270J/g from the phase change materials with the phase change temperature within 30-44 ℃; the density of the selected phase change material is then determined using a densitometer.
In the embodiment, palmitic acid-myristic acid is selected as a phase change energy storage material, the phase change temperature is 43.8 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 193.3J/g, and the density is 852kg/m 3 。
3. Measuring heat conductivity coefficient K of outer wall of room to be heated
3-1, looking up a building structure diagram of a room to be heated to obtain building materials and the thickness of each layer of the outer wall of the room; then utilizing a heat conductivity coefficient tester to test the heat conductivity coefficient of the building material which is the same as the material of each layer of the outer wall,
in this embodiment, from indoor to outdoor, the material and the thickness of outer wall are in proper order: 10mm of cement gypsum mortar layer, 240mm of cement coke slag layer, 100mm of rock wool board heat insulation layer, 10mm of lime mortar layer and 10mm of stone brick; the thermal conductivity of each layer is 0.76W/(mK), 0.67W/(mK), 0.04W/(mK), 0.81W/(mK) and 2.00W/(mK) in sequence.
3-2, determining the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (1),
in this example, α n ＝8.1W/(m 2 ·K)，α λ ＝1.20，R K ＝0.15m 2 ·K/W，α w ＝12W/(m 2 K); obtaining the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated as 0.37W/(m) according to the formula (1) 2 ·K)。
4. Determining the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated P
4-1, to meet the comfortable requirement of human body, the design temperature T in the room during heating n Determined at 21 deg.C (generally 18-24 deg.C, preferably 21-22 deg.C).
And looking up meteorological data of the area to be heated, and acquiring the outdoor calculated temperature Tw of the room to be heated in heating, wherein the outdoor calculated temperature is the average outdoor temperature of the coldest month in the last year in the heating area.
Looking up the data of the meteorological data of 2020 years of Shanghai city, January is the coolest month of Shanghai city, the outdoor average temperature is the lowest and is-0.3 ℃, therefore, the outdoor calculated temperature T of the room during the heating of Shanghai city w Is-0.3 ℃.
4-2, determining the outer wall base heat loss Q of the room to be heated according to the formula (2) P1 ，
Q P1 ＝α ew S f K(T n -T w ) (2)
In this embodiment, the temperature difference correction coefficient α of the outer wall ew ＝0.75；T n ＝21℃；T w ＝-0.3℃；K＝0.37W/(m 2 K). Obtaining the basic heat loss Q of the outer wall of the room to be heated P1 ＝621.28W。
4-3, determining the additional heat loss Q of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (3) P2 ，
Q P2 ＝(δ Facing towards +δ Wind power +δ Outer door +δ High (a) )Q P1 (3)
In this embodiment, δ Facing towards ＝2％，δ Wind power ＝4％，δ Outer door 390% (i.e. 65% × 6), δ Height of 2% of the total weight. Calculating Q according to equation (3) P2 ＝2472.7W。
4-4, determining the cold air penetration heat loss Q of the room to be heated according to the formula (4) P3 ，
Q P3 ＝0.28c a ρ a G(T n -T w ) (4)
The thermophysical properties of the dry air are described in and bin, authored by iturin. China forestry press 2016.p 163. The constant pressure specific heat capacity and air density of air at the outdoor design temperature for heating were obtained by referring to the thermal physical property table of dry air in Wood drying theory (of bin, Edison's eds., Beijing: China forestry Press.2016).
In this example, T w At-0.3 deg.C, look up the thermophysical property table of dry air, at an outdoor calculated temperature, c a ＝1.01kJ/(kg·K)，ρ a ＝1.293kg/m 3 (ii) a Cold air penetration G15 m 3 H is used as the reference value. Calculating according to a formula (4) to obtain the cold air infiltration heat loss Q of the room to be heated P3 ＝116.83W。
4-5, in order to maintain the indoor temperature substantially constant, it is necessary to balance the heat loss and the heat supply of the room, and therefore, the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated is determined according to the formula (5) P ，
Q P ＝Q P1 +Q P2 +Q P3 (5)
Calculating to obtain heating design heat load Q P ＝3210.81W。
5. Determining mass m of phase change energy storage material required in phase change energy storage device P
Determining the electricity consumption valley period time and the total time length of the electricity price valley period time according to a sales electricity price table of a region where the phase change energy storage device is installed; time of electricity price peak and total time length n of electricity price peak Peak(s) (ii) a Obtaining the quality of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6)Quantity m P ，
In this embodiment, according to the selling price table of Shanghai city, the time of the bottom section of the selling price of Shanghai city is 22 hours to 6 hours in the next morning, namely 22:00-6:00, and the total time of the bottom section of the selling price of Shanghai city is 8 hours; the time of the electricity price peak section is 6:00-22:00, and the total time length n of the electricity price peak section Peak(s) It was 16 hours. Therefore, the phase change energy storage material is electrified and heated at the power ratio of 22:00-6:00 to store heat energy, and the phase change energy storage material is powered off at the power ratio of 6:00-22:00 to release the heat energy stored at night and is used for heating in the peak period of the electricity price. Heat release rate correction coefficient alpha of phase change energy storage material Pv 2.8. Obtaining the mass m of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6) P ＝899kg。
6. Determining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P ，
In the embodiment of the invention, S d ＝55.3m 2 (ii) a Obtaining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P Is 20 mm.
And encapsulating the phase change energy storage material in an encapsulation box, wherein the thickness of the encapsulation box is matched with the laying thickness of the phase change energy storage material to prepare a phase change energy storage material layer.
7. Completing the construction of the phase-change energy storage device
7-1. according to the above results, embodiments of the present invention provide a phase change energy storage device. As shown in fig. 1, the material and thickness of the device from bottom to surface are as follows: the heat insulation layer of the foam plastic is 40mm, the electric heating film is 0.37mm, the palmitic acid-myristic acid composite phase change energy storage layer which is packaged by a stainless steel box is 20mm, the leveling layer of the cement mortar is 30mm, and the surface decoration layer of the solid wood floor is 10 mm.
The material and thickness of each layer of the device, the material selection and thickness design of the rest layers except the phase change energy storage layer are based on the regulation of chapter IV of technical regulation of radiant heating and cooling of 2012, JGJ 142-.
7-2, completing construction of the phase change energy storage device, wherein the construction is carried out according to the following steps: the construction method comprises the steps of construction scheme, material and equipment inspection, laying of a foamed cement heat insulation layer, installation of an electric heating film system, laying of a phase change energy storage material layer, laying of a cement mortar leveling layer, laying of a solid wood floor surface decorative layer and quality acceptance inspection.
The heating room of the phase change energy storage device is paved strictly according to the specification, continuous heating is carried out in winter heating season, the average temperature of the indoor room in 12 months is 21 +/-0.3 ℃, the average temperature of the indoor room in the coldest month 1 month is 21 +/-0.3 ℃, and the indoor design temperature T is required by heating design parameters n The temperature of 21 ℃ is basically the same, the error range is within 1.5 percent, the requirement is met, and the indoor daytime temperature and the indoor night temperature are balanced.
The method can accurately determine the quality of the energy storage material required by the phase change energy storage device according to the room size, the heating design parameter and the thermophysical parameter of the energy storage material, and the quality of the energy storage material is further determined according to the density of the energy storage material, so that the construction of the phase change energy storage device is completed, the stable heating in all weather can be ensured in the living process, and a comfortable living environment can be created.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and substitutions are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A paving method of an indoor phase change energy storage device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) measuring the external vertical surface area S of a room to be heated f And the surface area S of the indoor floor d ；
2) Looking up a building structure diagram of a room to be heated to obtain building materials of all layers of an outer wall of the room and the thickness delta of the building materials; then, measuring the heat conductivity coefficient lambda of the building material which is the same as the material of each layer of the outer wall by using a heat conductivity coefficient measuring instrument; then, determining the heat conductivity coefficient K of the outer wall of the room to be heated according to the formula (1):
in formula (1), K: thermal conductivity coefficient of outer wall of room to be heated, W/(m) 2 ·K)；α n : heat exchange coefficient of inner wall surface of outer wall, W/(m) 2 K); δ: the thickness of each layer of material of the outer wall is m; alpha is alpha λ : the coefficient of heat conductivity of each layer of material of the outer wall is corrected; λ: the thermal conductivity coefficient of each layer of the outer wall material is W/(m.K); r K : thermal resistance of enclosed air space in exterior wall, (m) 2 ·K)/W；α w : heat exchange coefficient of outer wall facade, W/(m) 2 ·K)；
3) Looking up meteorological data of an area to be heated, and acquiring the outdoor calculated temperature Tw of a room to be heated during heating; determining the indoor design temperature T of a room to be heated during heating n (ii) a Determining the heating design heat load Q of the room to be heated according to the formula (5) P ：
Q P ＝Q P1 +Q P2 +Q P3 (5)
In the formula (5), Q P : designing heat load W for heating rooms to be heated; q P1 : heat loss of the outer wall foundation of the room to be heated, W; q P2 : adding heat loss W to the outer wall of a room to be heated; q P3 : cold air penetrating heat loss of a room to be heated, W;
4) looking up a sales electricity price table of a region where a room to be heated is located, and measuring the electricity consumption valley period time and the total time length of the electricity price valley period time; time of electricity price peak and total time length n of electricity price peak Peak(s) (ii) a Determining the mass m of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (6) P ：
In the formula (6), m P : the mass kg of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device; n is Peak(s) : the total duration of the electricity price peak section, h; alpha is alpha Pv : the heat release rate correction coefficient of the phase change energy storage material; q P : the heating design heat load of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device is W; l is a radical of an alcohol P : latent heat of phase change of the phase change energy storage material, J/g; t is P : the phase change temperature, DEG C, of the phase change energy storage material; t is n : the indoor design temperature in the room is at DEG C during heating;
5) determining the laying thickness d of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device according to the formula (7) P Then, encapsulate phase change energy storage material in the encapsulation box, make phase change energy storage layer, wherein the thickness of encapsulation box and phase change energy storage material lay the thickness phase-match:
in the formula (7), d P : the thickness of the phase change energy storage material in the phase change energy storage device arranged in the room to be heated is mm; m is a unit of P : the mass of the phase change energy storage material required in the phase change energy storage device is kg; rho P : density of phase change energy storage material, kg/m 3 ；S d : surface area m of ground in the room to be heated 2 ；
6) The materials and the thicknesses of the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the leveling layer and the surface decoration layer of the phase change energy storage device are respectively designed according to the technical rules of radiant heating and cooling of the standard JGJ 142-2012, and then the heat insulation layer, the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer, the leveling layer and the surface decoration layer are sequentially laid on the ground of a room to be heated from bottom to top.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein α in the step 2) is α n 7.0 to 8.7; alpha is alpha λ 1.15 to 1.60; r K Is 0.10 to 0.71；α w Is 6 to 23.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein α in the step 2) is α n 8.1 to 8.7; alpha is alpha λ 1.20 to 1.25; r K 0.14 to 0.15; alpha is alpha w Is 12 to 17.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said T in step 3) n Is 18-24 ℃; t is w The preparation method comprises the following steps: and looking up meteorological data of the area to be heated, and taking the outdoor average temperature of the area of the room to be heated in the coolest month of the last year as the heating outdoor calculated temperature Tw.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said T in step 3) n Is 21-22 ℃.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein α in the step 4) is α Pv 2.0 to 3.0; the total time length n of the electricity price peak section in the formula (6) Peak(s) The method is obtained by inquiring the policy of the time-of-use electricity price of the place to be heated.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 5) said enclosure is optionally made of polypropylene or stainless steel.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thermal insulation layer in step 6) is 35 to 60 mm; the thickness of the electric heating layer is 0.1-0.5 mm; the thickness of the leveling layer is 30-50 mm; the thickness of the surface decorative layer is 10-22 mm.
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