CA2338553A1 - Process and apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2338553A1 CA2338553A1 CA002338553A CA2338553A CA2338553A1 CA 2338553 A1 CA2338553 A1 CA 2338553A1 CA 002338553 A CA002338553 A CA 002338553A CA 2338553 A CA2338553 A CA 2338553A CA 2338553 A1 CA2338553 A1 CA 2338553A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- fraction
- mixture
- deinking
- sorting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/02—Pretreatment of the raw materials by chemical or physical means
- D21B1/026—Separating fibrous materials from waste
- D21B1/028—Separating fibrous materials from waste by dry methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/02—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures fall
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for sorting a paper mixture according to which the paper mixture is sorted into a fraction of mixed paper and a fraction of deinking paper. The aim of the invention is to improve the sorti ng process in such a way that the quality requirements of the deinking quality can be reliably met and that the staff required for sorting is reduced. To this end, the paper mixture is reduced to a grain size of approximately 40 t o 100 mm and the reduced paper mixture is separated by air separation into a heavy fraction that contains mixed paper and a light fraction that contains deinking paper at a separation speed of approximately 1 to 5 m/sec. The invention further relates to a device for sorting a paper mixture that allow s fulfillment of the quality requirements of the deinking quality and that can be carried out with a reduced number of staff. To this end, a disintegrator for disintegrating the paper mixture is provided. Downstream of said disintegrator an air separator for separating the disintegrated paper mixtur e into a heavy fraction and a light fraction is mounted. Said air separator ha s a classification cross-section that can be adjusted to a separation speed of between 1 and 5 m/sec.
Description
Process and apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper s The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper according to the preamble of claim 1 and/or claim 9.
At present, approx. 12 million tons of used paper are reutilised in production processes in Germany each year. About 5.3 million tons of this amount are io sorted each year into different categories by numerous facilities prior to reutilisation.
The known apparatus and processes for sorting the collected mixtures of paper use sorting staff for separating the contents of storage containers, paper is collected in bins and/or paper bundles into the various qualities and to achieve the paper/cardboard quality, such as deinking quality, required for reutilisation.
Prior apparatus for sorting mixtures of paper include transporting and sorting conveyors with sorting staff who, in order to produce a deinking quality, also manually remove interferents such as cardboard, cardboard articles and Zo possibly books from the supplied mixture of paper. In this known sorting procedure, cardboard and cardboard articles are also sorted for producing a fraction predominantly containing cardboard.
In this way, a deinking fraction, a mixed paper fraction and a cardboard fraction 2s is generated. The deinking fraction predominantly consits of newspapers and magazines and contains, in accordance with the requirements, at least 60%
newspapers and no more than 3% of interferents such as cardboard and cardboard articles, whilst the mixed paper fraction contains newspapers and magazines (below 40%), cardboard, other papers and cardboard articles (over 30 60%) as well as plastic and other interferents to a lesser extent. The cardboard board fraction contains predominantly (over 70%) of cardboard, cardboard articles, solid board and similar material.
Apart from the known manual sorting, experiments concerning automation s using sifting machines have been performed. The results did, however, not live up to the expectations as it is difficult to differentiate most of the interferents such as cardboard and cardboard articles from newspaper based on grain size, so that sifting operations produced only inadequate qualities.
io It is object of the present invention to provide a process and an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 and/or claim 9 that enable to reliably fulfil the deinking quality requirement and avoid labour-intensive sorting.
This object is achieved with a process and an apparatus with the features of is claim 1 and/or claim 9.
As a result, no manual sorting is required and the maximum of 3% of interferents and the minimum newspaper percentage of 60% can be reliably obtained.
The combined grinding and pneumatic sifting operation also produces a high throughput as a result of the high separating speed whilst at the same time producing a continuously high quality of the resulting fractions.
2s If the mixture of paper is ground to a grain size of between approx. 60 and mm, a particularly good separation can be achieved between mixed paper and deinking with relatively little grinding effort.
With separating speeds in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 m/sec and preferably in the 3o range of 1.7 to 3.5 m/sec, a particularly high quality of the produced fractions can be guaranteed.
At present, approx. 12 million tons of used paper are reutilised in production processes in Germany each year. About 5.3 million tons of this amount are io sorted each year into different categories by numerous facilities prior to reutilisation.
The known apparatus and processes for sorting the collected mixtures of paper use sorting staff for separating the contents of storage containers, paper is collected in bins and/or paper bundles into the various qualities and to achieve the paper/cardboard quality, such as deinking quality, required for reutilisation.
Prior apparatus for sorting mixtures of paper include transporting and sorting conveyors with sorting staff who, in order to produce a deinking quality, also manually remove interferents such as cardboard, cardboard articles and Zo possibly books from the supplied mixture of paper. In this known sorting procedure, cardboard and cardboard articles are also sorted for producing a fraction predominantly containing cardboard.
In this way, a deinking fraction, a mixed paper fraction and a cardboard fraction 2s is generated. The deinking fraction predominantly consits of newspapers and magazines and contains, in accordance with the requirements, at least 60%
newspapers and no more than 3% of interferents such as cardboard and cardboard articles, whilst the mixed paper fraction contains newspapers and magazines (below 40%), cardboard, other papers and cardboard articles (over 30 60%) as well as plastic and other interferents to a lesser extent. The cardboard board fraction contains predominantly (over 70%) of cardboard, cardboard articles, solid board and similar material.
Apart from the known manual sorting, experiments concerning automation s using sifting machines have been performed. The results did, however, not live up to the expectations as it is difficult to differentiate most of the interferents such as cardboard and cardboard articles from newspaper based on grain size, so that sifting operations produced only inadequate qualities.
io It is object of the present invention to provide a process and an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1 and/or claim 9 that enable to reliably fulfil the deinking quality requirement and avoid labour-intensive sorting.
This object is achieved with a process and an apparatus with the features of is claim 1 and/or claim 9.
As a result, no manual sorting is required and the maximum of 3% of interferents and the minimum newspaper percentage of 60% can be reliably obtained.
The combined grinding and pneumatic sifting operation also produces a high throughput as a result of the high separating speed whilst at the same time producing a continuously high quality of the resulting fractions.
2s If the mixture of paper is ground to a grain size of between approx. 60 and mm, a particularly good separation can be achieved between mixed paper and deinking with relatively little grinding effort.
With separating speeds in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 m/sec and preferably in the 3o range of 1.7 to 3.5 m/sec, a particularly high quality of the produced fractions can be guaranteed.
By using a cone sifter for the pneumatic sifting, a near uninterrupted operation and a good separating performance can be guaranteed. If a Zigzag sifter is used for pneumatic sifting, a particularly effective selectivity of mixed paper and s deinking can be achieved.
The light particle fraction, initially produced by pneumatic sifting and which includes the deinking quality is advantageously separated in a cyclone into a (transporting) air current and into deinking.
io The quality of the deinking fraction can be increased by resorting - using colour and/or NIR detection - and a pneumatic ejection of the identified interferents. In this way, shreds of paper dyed throughout can, for instance, be effectively separated based on their size and colour, allowing a deinking fraction, of which is most of the paper dyed throughout has been removed, to be produced.
Also a nearly 100% separation of adhesive backing from the deinking fraction is guaranteed which would normally interfere with further process stages during reutilisation as a result of the adhesive sticking.
Other embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and the description.
The invention is subsequently explained in more detail with reference to an 2s embodiment of an apparatus for sorting mixed used paper from collection bins, said embodiment being shown diagrammatically in the figure.
The apparatus for sorting a used paper mix shown in the figure comprises a disintegrator in form of a granulator 1, a pneumatic sifter in form of cone sifter 2, 3o said pneumatic sifter being arranged behind the granulator 1 and a cyclone being arranged behind the cone sifter 2.
The light particle fraction, initially produced by pneumatic sifting and which includes the deinking quality is advantageously separated in a cyclone into a (transporting) air current and into deinking.
io The quality of the deinking fraction can be increased by resorting - using colour and/or NIR detection - and a pneumatic ejection of the identified interferents. In this way, shreds of paper dyed throughout can, for instance, be effectively separated based on their size and colour, allowing a deinking fraction, of which is most of the paper dyed throughout has been removed, to be produced.
Also a nearly 100% separation of adhesive backing from the deinking fraction is guaranteed which would normally interfere with further process stages during reutilisation as a result of the adhesive sticking.
Other embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and the description.
The invention is subsequently explained in more detail with reference to an 2s embodiment of an apparatus for sorting mixed used paper from collection bins, said embodiment being shown diagrammatically in the figure.
The apparatus for sorting a used paper mix shown in the figure comprises a disintegrator in form of a granulator 1, a pneumatic sifter in form of cone sifter 2, 3o said pneumatic sifter being arranged behind the granulator 1 and a cyclone being arranged behind the cone sifter 2.
The design of the disintegrator 1 mainly has to ensure that the disintegrating means prevent several pages from sticking during the disintegration so that only a small amount of sticking paper shreds, i.e. because of block punching, s are created. A swing-hammer crusher can for instance be used as disintegrator 1, a relative high amount of dust caused by said swing-hammer crusher being acceptable.
A colour sorting means 4 is arranged after the cyclone 3 at the discharge side io of the deinking fraction. A loosening unit in form of a drum 5 is arranged before the granulator 1. In order to be able to separate cardboard articles and cardboard that is considerably larger and more bulky than paper pages, a sieve in form of a corrugated sieve can be arranged in front of or behind the drum.
is For processing or sorting, the used paper mix supplied in drums, after possibly being sifted, is loosened in the drum 5 and fed into the granulator 1 where it is ground to a particle size of approx. 70 mm.
The ground, used paper mix is then separated by means of an air current into a 2o heavy material fraction and a light material fraction in the cone sifter 2, the speed of the air flow being set to approx. 3 m/sec. The heavy material fraction includes the mixed paper fraction consisting mainly of bits of cardboard, cardboard articles and other paper shreds as well as a low amount of interferents. The light material fraction contains the deinking fraction and the 2s transporting air current.
Whilst the mixed paper fraction is deposited in a bunker not shown in the figure, the light particle fraction is forwarded to cyclone 3 where it is separated into deinking and the air current.
The deinking fraction can be fed to the sorting means 4, where paper shreds dyed throughout can been removed. In case of the deinking fraction only containing a small amount of paper shreds dyed throughout, the fraction can be forwarded directly to a collection bunker.
A colour sorting means 4 is arranged after the cyclone 3 at the discharge side io of the deinking fraction. A loosening unit in form of a drum 5 is arranged before the granulator 1. In order to be able to separate cardboard articles and cardboard that is considerably larger and more bulky than paper pages, a sieve in form of a corrugated sieve can be arranged in front of or behind the drum.
is For processing or sorting, the used paper mix supplied in drums, after possibly being sifted, is loosened in the drum 5 and fed into the granulator 1 where it is ground to a particle size of approx. 70 mm.
The ground, used paper mix is then separated by means of an air current into a 2o heavy material fraction and a light material fraction in the cone sifter 2, the speed of the air flow being set to approx. 3 m/sec. The heavy material fraction includes the mixed paper fraction consisting mainly of bits of cardboard, cardboard articles and other paper shreds as well as a low amount of interferents. The light material fraction contains the deinking fraction and the 2s transporting air current.
Whilst the mixed paper fraction is deposited in a bunker not shown in the figure, the light particle fraction is forwarded to cyclone 3 where it is separated into deinking and the air current.
The deinking fraction can be fed to the sorting means 4, where paper shreds dyed throughout can been removed. In case of the deinking fraction only containing a small amount of paper shreds dyed throughout, the fraction can be forwarded directly to a collection bunker.
In order to achieve a good separation and at the same time a high throughput with pneumatic sifting, the pneumatic sifter 2 has a sifting cross section of approximately 0.01 to 0.4 m2 and preferably of 0.05 to 0.3 m2. The volume flow of the air is adjusted in such a way that a separating speed of approx. 1 to 5 io m/sec and preferably 1.5 to 4.5 m/sec and particularly preferably of 1.7 to 3.5 m/sec is achieved.
During a test, a supplied mixture of used paper fed through a disintegrator 1, cone sifter 2 and cyclone 3, produced approx. 40.5% of mixed paper and is approx. 59.5% of deinking. Significantly more than 97.5% of the deinking fraction consisted of thin paper with only a low percentage of thin cardboard and other interferents.
In a test in which the cone sifter was replaced by a Zigzag sifter, the process 2o yielded approx. 36% mixed paper and approx. 64% deinking in relation to the original used paper mix.
At the specified separating speeds, the percentage of interferents produced in the tests, said interferents having a significant adverse effect on the quality of 2s the papers produced from deinking, such as cardboard, adhesive backing, packaging paper and paper dyed throughout, amounted to less than 1.5%
(mass % compared to the input).
Interferents which are removed as rejects in paper plants, such as plastic and 3o wet-strength paper, amounted to less than 1 % (mass % compared to the input).
This means that the amount of interferents adversely affecting the quality of the produced deinking fraction was significantly reduced - by more than 30% -compared to the prior art.
By equipping the system with a corrugated sieve, large cardboard can be s automatically separated and a high-quality card fraction can be produced in a cost-effective manner. One of the important parts of the system is the loosening unit, ensuring, as far as possible, that individual sheets are forwarded to the disintegrator, to prevent multi-layer newspaper / magazines to be pressed together at the cutting edges. This significantly increases the deinking yield.
io Without a loosening unit a respectively lower yield is has to be accepted as the paper shreds pressed together may be get into the heavy material fraction.
Where, in variation to the aforementioned tests, pneumatic sifting is carried out by means of a cross-flow sifter, a compact and low-cost pneumatic sifting stage is can be realised.
During a test, a supplied mixture of used paper fed through a disintegrator 1, cone sifter 2 and cyclone 3, produced approx. 40.5% of mixed paper and is approx. 59.5% of deinking. Significantly more than 97.5% of the deinking fraction consisted of thin paper with only a low percentage of thin cardboard and other interferents.
In a test in which the cone sifter was replaced by a Zigzag sifter, the process 2o yielded approx. 36% mixed paper and approx. 64% deinking in relation to the original used paper mix.
At the specified separating speeds, the percentage of interferents produced in the tests, said interferents having a significant adverse effect on the quality of 2s the papers produced from deinking, such as cardboard, adhesive backing, packaging paper and paper dyed throughout, amounted to less than 1.5%
(mass % compared to the input).
Interferents which are removed as rejects in paper plants, such as plastic and 3o wet-strength paper, amounted to less than 1 % (mass % compared to the input).
This means that the amount of interferents adversely affecting the quality of the produced deinking fraction was significantly reduced - by more than 30% -compared to the prior art.
By equipping the system with a corrugated sieve, large cardboard can be s automatically separated and a high-quality card fraction can be produced in a cost-effective manner. One of the important parts of the system is the loosening unit, ensuring, as far as possible, that individual sheets are forwarded to the disintegrator, to prevent multi-layer newspaper / magazines to be pressed together at the cutting edges. This significantly increases the deinking yield.
io Without a loosening unit a respectively lower yield is has to be accepted as the paper shreds pressed together may be get into the heavy material fraction.
Where, in variation to the aforementioned tests, pneumatic sifting is carried out by means of a cross-flow sifter, a compact and low-cost pneumatic sifting stage is can be realised.
Claims (17)
1. A process for sorting a mixture of paper, wherein the mixture is ground to a particle size in a range of 40 to 100 mm and the ground mixture is separated into a heavy material fraction containing mixed paper and into a light material fraction containing a deinking fraction by means of pneumatic sifting, characterised in that the separating speed of the pneumatic sifting is 1 to 5 m/sec.
2. The process according to claim 1, characterised in that the mixture of paper is ground to a particle size of approximately 60 to 90 mm.
3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the separating speed is 1.5 to 4.5 m/sec and preferably 1.7 to 3.5 m/sec.
4. The process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pneumatic sifting is carried out in a cone sifter.
5. The process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the pneumatic sifting is carried out in a Zigzag sifter.
6. The process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the mixture of paper is loosened by a loosening unit prior to grinding.
7. The process according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the light material fraction is split into the deinking fraction and the air flow in a cyclone.
8. The process according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the deinking fraction is re-sorted by means a colour and/or NIR detection.
9. An apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper, comprising a disintegrator (1) for grinding the mixture of paper and a pneumatic sifter (2) arranged behind the disintegrator (1) for separating the ground paper mix into a heavy material fraction and into a light material fraction, characterised in that the pneumatic sifter (2) has a sifting cross section, in which a separating speed of between 1 to 5 m/sec can be adjusted.
10. The apparatus according to 9, characterised in that the disintegrator (1 ) is made up of a granulator or rotor shears.
11. The apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that the disintegrator (1) comprises grinding means for grinding the paper to a particle size of approximately 40 to 100 mm.
12. The apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the pneumatic sifter (2) is made up of a cone sifter.
13. The apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterised in that the pneumatic sifter (2) is made up of a Zigzag sifter.
14. The apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterised in that a cyclone (3) for separating the deinking fraction from the light particle fraction is arranged behind the pneumatic sifter (2).
15. The apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterised in that a loosening unit (5) is arranged in front of the disintegrator (1 ).
16. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterised in that a sorting means (4) for the deinking fraction is arranged behind the cyclone (3), said sorting means working by means of a colour and/or NIR-detection system.
17. Use of an apparatus according to one of claims 9 to 16 for sorting a mixture of paper, in particular a mixture of used paper from a waste paper collection.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1999/003578 WO2000071810A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-05-25 | Method and device for sorting paper mixtures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2338553A1 true CA2338553A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
Family
ID=8167303
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002338553A Abandoned CA2338553A1 (en) | 1999-05-25 | 1999-05-25 | Process and apparatus for sorting a mixture of paper |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1100992B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003500560A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1311836A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE234385T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4481799A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9912414A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2338553A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59904549D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1100992T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2196812T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000071810A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9422664B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2016-08-23 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and defibration unit |
| US9498896B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2016-11-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and sheet manufacturing method |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001036738A1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Trienekens Ag | De-inked product |
| DE10121324A1 (en) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-07 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process for producing a fiber suspension from paper-containing material |
| US8882965B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 | 2014-11-11 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Paper recycling system and paper recycling method |
| JP5720257B2 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2015-05-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Paper recycling equipment |
| JP5720255B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-05-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Paper recycling apparatus and paper recycling method |
| JP5720258B2 (en) * | 2011-01-14 | 2015-05-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Paper recycling apparatus and paper recycling method |
| JP6372065B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2018-08-15 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and defibrating unit |
| JP6248690B2 (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2017-12-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and sheet manufacturing method |
| JP2015161047A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-07 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Sheet production apparatus |
| JP6269235B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2018-01-31 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Sheet manufacturing equipment |
| JP6264986B2 (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2018-01-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Sheet manufacturing equipment |
| CN105567374B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-04-24 | 湛江守仁生物质有限公司 | A kind of biomass material pretreatment system |
| JP7378218B2 (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2023-11-13 | 大王製紙株式会社 | Method for producing waste paper pulp raw material |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL158565B (en) * | 1974-03-15 | 1978-11-15 | Tno | METHOD AND ESTABLISHMENT FOR PROCESSED RECOVERY OF PAPER FIBERS FROM PAPER-CONTAINING HOUSEHOLD OR INDUSTRIAL WASTE. |
| US4127476A (en) * | 1977-06-13 | 1978-11-28 | Fred D. Iannazzi | Air-classification apparatus and process for the segregation of mixed office-paper waste |
| EP0779109A1 (en) * | 1995-12-13 | 1997-06-18 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Low velocity air density separator |
| DE29709918U1 (en) * | 1997-06-07 | 1998-10-08 | Bückmann GmbH, 41238 Mönchengladbach | Device for separating fine and light goods from dry, free-flowing bulk goods |
-
1999
- 1999-05-25 DE DE59904549T patent/DE59904549D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-05-25 WO PCT/EP1999/003578 patent/WO2000071810A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1999-05-25 AU AU44817/99A patent/AU4481799A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-25 EP EP99926394A patent/EP1100992B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-25 AT AT99926394T patent/ATE234385T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-25 BR BR9912414-9A patent/BR9912414A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-25 CA CA002338553A patent/CA2338553A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-25 CN CN99809170.7A patent/CN1311836A/en active Pending
- 1999-05-25 ES ES99926394T patent/ES2196812T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-25 DK DK99926394T patent/DK1100992T3/en active
- 1999-05-25 JP JP2000620179A patent/JP2003500560A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9422664B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2016-08-23 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and defibration unit |
| US9643339B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2017-05-09 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and defibration unit |
| US9869057B2 (en) | 2013-10-09 | 2018-01-16 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Defibration unit |
| US9498896B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2016-11-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Sheet manufacturing apparatus and sheet manufacturing method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1100992A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| WO2000071810A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
| ES2196812T3 (en) | 2003-12-16 |
| JP2003500560A (en) | 2003-01-07 |
| ATE234385T1 (en) | 2003-03-15 |
| DK1100992T3 (en) | 2003-07-14 |
| CN1311836A (en) | 2001-09-05 |
| BR9912414A (en) | 2001-10-09 |
| EP1100992B1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| DE59904549D1 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| AU4481799A (en) | 2000-12-12 |
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| CZ279173B6 (en) | Apparatus for solid refuse treating |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |