EP1244838B1 - Waste paper mixture for deinking process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a de-inked product comprising a portion of newspapers, a portion of magazines and a portion of impurities. The invention provides a de-inked product with reduced cleansing costs associated with the preparation of new paper, offering a higher standard of quality and having a grain size of approximately 20 to 110 mm and a portion of cardboard-containing impurities of less than 1.7 %.

Description

The invention relates to Deinkingware with a share of newspapers, a share of magazines and a share of Impurities.

In Germany, about 12 million t / a waste paper is currently being processed in production processes used again. In turn, approx. 5.3 million t / a of this quantity will be generated in numerous facilities before each recycling in different Varieties, u. a. Deinkingware sorted.

Among other things, the deinking material serves as a raw material for newsprint and higher quality graphic papers and is generally in a pulper dissolved or processed into a fiber suspension (pulp). The length of stay a pulper for the resolution of standard deinking products reaches up to 20 Minutes. The pulp is pumped through coarse sieves and a cleaning to Removal of undesirable components during manufacture, during Use or consumption of paper or processing the turn or the quality of the new paper impaired fed. The undesirable ingredients include including coating material from milk carton box, films, staples, Iron splinters from the wear of processing machines, Styrofoam made of packaging materials and printed matter. The cleaning includes sieve, Washing and flotation treatments. In detail, includes a conventional Cleaning u.a. several screening stages, e.g. a fiberizer with which about 7 to 8 mm is sieved, fine sieves with sieve opening diameters of in about 1.4 and 2.6 mm as well as hydrocyclones.

Deinkingware (grades D 31 and D 39) is generally replaced by a Sorting of waste paper, in which also a fraction mixed waste paper (Variety B 12) and a fraction Kaufhausaltpapier (variety B 19) may be incurred, won. Well-known Deinkingware consists largely of uncrushed Newspapers and magazines and generally has at least 60% Newspapers as well as a total amount of contaminants, including sand, glass, staples Cardboard, cardboard, of about 3%. An entrance control of Old paper deliveries of the variety Deinkingware can be used in addition to a conventional one Sample sorting and weighing of individual rejected components also according to the INGEDE method, in which a sample on a Observation surface is spread and individual components on the Observed area counted or estimated and with previously determined Weighting factors are multiplied.

The use of known Deinkingware in a reprocessing leads to a relatively high cleaning effort to new papers in sufficient quality to be able to produce.

DE-A-25 42 571 describes a method for sorting of waste paper, in which the waste paper was placed directly in a crusher and crushed the Waste paper by means of two wind sifts connected in series in three Fractions is split. This is provided, the shredded waste paper to loosen up in the first air classifier and a first heavy fraction, which cardboard, cardboard and heavy Kraft papers greatly enriched contains, split off. The remaining light fraction from the first Wind sifter is then fed to the second air classifier and into a second heavy fraction, which cardboard, cardboard and heavy Kraft strong enriched, as well as a light fraction containing illustrated magazines, Contains newspapers and other press papers heavily enriched, separated. The Speeds of wind sifting are high here. Since in the collected Waste paper heavy impurities, such. As metals, sand, glass, etc. are included, These predominantly small parts can be found here in the first and second Heavy goods arrive, so that these heavy fractions and thus a substantial part of the waste paper used is not considered higher value Waste paper is marketable. In addition, there is a risk that crushed cataloge gaps held together by glue or staples are in the first and / or second heavy fraction and their Restricting marketability as department store paper (grade B 19). The Moreover, the procedure is only aimed at attracting a departmental waste paper fraction from. The proposed loosening and deagglomeration by means Although the first wind sifter allows in principle an effective Sort separation in the second air classifier, however, requires due to the high air flows use a high energy and lead due to the high energy consumption Air velocity and the impurities to a relatively high wear. In addition, the grain size corresponding to the diagonal of the 10x10 edges the crushing 141 mm, making widespread small cardboard boxes as Whole shredded processed.

The post-published document WO-A-00 71 810 describes a method and a device which comprises the paper mixture crush a grain size in the range of about 40 to 100 mm and the shredded paper mixture by air classification at a separation speed between 1 to 5 m / sec in a mixed paper containing Separate heavy fraction and light debris containing deinking. In addition, it is proposed to crush the paper mixture precede a loosening stage and a screening.

DE-A-25 42 571 describes a method and a system for sorting and Reprocessing of waste paper, in which the supplied material in three fractions is split, which then further characterized by color detection become. To eject a blower is used, but no Wind sifter performs.

DE-A-25 10 694 describes a method for the selection of papers in which Paper containing wastes are ground and after separation in a Wind sifter the material is separated and then a Leichtgutfraktion moistened and thereby separated again. Especially pure deinking qualities can not be achieved with this technology.

NL-C-1 006 582 describes a conveyor for paper and cardboard, at the same time provided with cutting means for crushing the conveyed material.

Post-published WO 00 71 810 A1 describes a method for Sorting of a paper mixture in which the paper mixture is comminuted and by air classification in a heavy fraction and in a deinking containing Leichtgutfraktion is separated, with the Leichtgutfraktion to over 97.5% consists of thin paper. The proportion of cardboard-containing impurities is less than 1.5%, and the proportion of so-called rejects less than 1 %.

It is the object of the invention, a Deinkingware to create the cleaning effort for the production of Reduced paper and has a higher quality.

This object is achieved according to the invention solved with the features of claim 1.

A deinking with these features can be done in a relatively short time Pulper dissolved and suspended as well as having a significantly reduced Cleaning costs are further processed and the quality of new paper increase.

In addition, can be with this deinking when using conventional Bleach to ensure a quality-increasing whiteness of the new paper. The deinking product according to the invention already indicates a coarse screening and a heavy soil separation in a hydrocyclone and before a Fine screening a degree of whiteness of about 42%. For known Deinkingware on the other hand, the degree of whiteness is approximately equal for the same level of processing 41%. The whiteness was in this case a reflection factor without UV component measured.

When processing known Deinkingware before a fine screening the Contaminants with a relatively high density (heavy dirt) usually means separated in parallel hydrocyclones, resulting in a high expenditure on equipment for the large number of hydrocyclones, corresponding Pumps and other ancillary equipment requires and relatively high operating costs brings with it.

If the proportion of heavy contaminants, such as sand, glass, staples, etc., less than 0.15%, preferably 0.1%, more preferably 0.05%, in the Deinkingware, so in the processing process of the elaborate step the heavy dirt removal (cleaner) by means of a hydrocyclone or multiple hydrocyclones completely eliminated or at least simplified and be carried out more cheaply.

If the proportion of cardboard and paperboard-containing materials is less than 1.5%, preferably 1.4%, the degree of whiteness of the new paper can be improved by 0.6 to 0.7% compared with the use of known deinking products. With this proportion, the whiteness of the new paper can be significantly increased and the value of the so-called dirt dot area can be significantly reduced. To determine the dirt dot surface Rapid-Köthen lab sheets with 80 g / m ^{2 basis} weight of a sample to be tested can be made in which on both sides with a measuring area of 100 cm ² by means of a scanner, such as a DOT Counter 2.0, size, number and area of particles are determined.

To ensure an economic production of Deinkingware, should the proportion of cardboard and paperboard-containing materials is not 0.08%, preferably 0.1% below and thus sorting and separation effort in reasonably reasonable scope.

Exist in the coarse screening stage (Fiberizer) as overflow separable Sponges, so-called non-paper components, with a grain size above 7 mm (hides 1), preferably 8 mm, more than 90% plastic and / or plastics-containing materials and are in a grain size of 20 up to 110 mm, preferably 30 to 90 mm, particularly preferred 35 to 60 mm, before, so they can virtually without further treatment directly a thermal Recycling be supplied. The hides have a calorific value of over 18 MJ / kg, preferably 19 MJ / kg, with a water content of about 40%. The proportion of separable in the Grobsiebstufe hides I is less as 1.7%, preferably less than 1%. The lower limit of the share For a cost-effective production of deinking products I is in about 0.03%, preferably 0.05%.

The proportion of fugitives II which can be separated in fine screening is less as 0.8%, preferably less than 0.6%. The hauntings II have a Grain size between 2.5 and 8 mm. For the proportion of fumigants II amounts the lower limit for an economical production of deinking goods in approximately 0.02%, preferably 0.03%.

In the known deinking lead adhesive components which are introduced by magazines and spine and other provided with adhesives waste paper regularly to processing difficulties, relatively high maintenance and downtime of the processing machines. In rolling processes, it can happen that adhesives settle on rollers and / or in new paper and lead to uneven nips in the rollers or glue spots in the new paper. In order to largely eliminate processing difficulties and to ensure largely trouble-free production, the sticky surface characterizing the adhesive fraction is below 5000 mm ² / kg otro after hydrocyclone treatment and before fine screening at about 1.4 mm of the suspended deinking product. The unit otro is to be understood as original dry substance. The number of stickies, which may also characterize the proportion of adhesive, is advantageously less than 7000 pieces / kg otro, preferably 6500 pieces / kg otro, in this method step.

To determine the stickies (stickies) are 100g otro the diluted sample to 1% consistency and washing and Drying treatments applied to a black round filter, on which pigmented special paper is placed and withdrawn, wherein Pigment layers stick with adhesive in places and by means of Image analyzers or particle scanners by size, number and area are measurable.

The Deinkingware is preferably compressed baled to a to ensure a simple and reliable task in a pulper and a Avoiding single components to avoid. Is the Deinkingware in shape from loose bulk material, can dissolve and loosen up a task in a pulper omitted and a quick suspension respectively.

The information given on particle sizes should be understood to mean that given values are not exactly the dimensions of the individual objects but indicate sieve opening widths of sieves in which the objects fall through or are held back. It can For example, occur that a square piece of paper with a Edge length of 50 mm due to deformation through a sieve hole width 40 mm, and so in a fraction less than or equal to 40 mm lands.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the subsequent description and from the dependent claims.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Deinkingware

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings based on a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention for sorting a waste paper mixture from a collection of tons.

Fig. 1

shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a method for producing a deinking product according to the invention

The Deinkingware can be with reference to FIG. 1, for example, on the in the manner summarized below.

A waste paper mixture is after a screening of a Kaufhausaltpapierfraktion with a Sieblochweite of about 200 to 450 mm on a Grit size in the range of about 20 to 110 mm crushed. Of the shredded waste paper is then by means of an air classification, a Leichtgutfraktion split off, which contains the Deinkingware. From the Leichtgutfraktion is separated by means of a cyclone, the carrier air and possibly the dust. In a screening with a Sieblochweite of about 280 to 400 mm can be Produce and sell a particularly high-quality fraction of departmental waste paper The quality requirements for deinking are particularly high reliably comply.

In their combination, the screening allow with the specified Sieblochweiten, the crushing of waste paper on the proposed Grain size and air classification at a separation speed between 1 up to 5 m / s furthermore high throughputs with a consistently high Quality of the produced fractions.

In a particularly advantageous manner, the paper mixture before comminution sieved by means of a sieve openings provided Ballistikseparators and loosened. A suitable ballistic separator essentially comprises several side by side obliquely rising arranged flat profiles, which for example, by means of a crankshaft drive horizontally and vertically movable and - in contrast to the density classification or sorting known Ballistikseparatoren - provided with passages for screening are.

In a comminution of the paper mixture to a particle size in the range from about 30 to 90 mm, preferably 35 to 60 mm, can be a qualitative very high selectivity between mixed paper and deinking at one achieve relatively low crushing effort. With this grain size can be more than 95% of the cardboard contained in the shredded paper mixture separate and largely accumulate in the heavy fraction. Furthermore, can with a crushing on these grain sizes the white potential of stapled or glued papers for the deinking group yet reasonable shredding effort to be tapped. Crushed up to a grain size less than 80 mm, it can be reliably avoided Newspaper pieces and larger pieces at their folds of magazines and catalogs due to their relatively high whiteness proportions existing splices and staples completely reach the heavy goods. A coarser crushing across the grain size from 80 mm to 110 mm advantageously reduces the crushing effort and still delivers acceptable Qualities. In the specified particle size range can be a relatively high Degree of whiteness and extensive adhesive backlash of the deinking fraction achieve. For crushing below the proposed grain size limits, adhesive components would increasingly enter the deinking fraction and further processing of the deinking fraction. In addition, would the technical and economic comminution costs increase.

If the separation rate is in the range of 1.5 to 4.5 m / sec, preferably in Range of 1.7 to 3.5 m / sec, can be particularly high quality in the ensure produced fractions.

If the wind sifting is carried out in a cone sifter, can be a largely trouble-free operation, a good separation efficiency and a high Ensure throughput. A suitable air classifier is for example from the DE-U-297 09 918 known. If the wind sifting takes place in a zigzag sifter, can be a particularly high selectivity between mixed paper and Deinking be achieved. If the air classification in a cross-flow classifier, a particularly trouble-free operation can be guaranteed.

The crushed paper mixture is in a particularly advantageous manner by means of a rotary valve in a trained as a cone or Querstromsichter Wind sifter abandoned. To a trouble-free feeder and a continuous feeding of a trained as a conical air classifier To ensure the rotary valve is preferably eccentric in the Supply channel of the air classifier arranged.

The comminuted paper mixture is preferably mechanical to the air classifier promoted. Includes the mechanical promotion as a paddle screw Trained conveyor, can be at their kinks or folds dissolve coherent pieces of paper gently, without causing it more violent tearing occurs. By violent tearing could otherwise pieces of papers and catalogs composed by glue are held, torn apart and deinking into the faction advised where, however, due to their adhesive part and concomitant Further processing difficulties are undesirable. The mechanical Promotion further preferably includes vibrating women to the task in the Air classifier.

The Leichtgutfraktion initially arising in the air classification, which the Deinking fraction is advantageous in a separation cyclone in the (promoting) airflow and split into deinking.

The quality of the deinking fraction, especially the whiteness, can be understood a presorting of the pulp to be supplied paper mixture by means of a color and / or NIR (near infrared) detection and a increase the pneumatic discharge of identified contaminants. Here you can For example, through-colored papers based on their size and / or Coloring be separated early and effectively, so that essentially de-inked fractions deinked and mixed paper can be produced.

The production of the deinking product is described below with reference to a in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated embodiment of a device for Sorting of a waste paper mixture from a collection of tons closer explained.

The device schematically shown in Fig. 1 for sorting a Waste paper mixture comprises a sieve formed as a ballistic separator 1, a granulator 2 designed as a shredder, as a cone sealers 3 trained air classifier, which is connected downstream of the granulator 2 and a cone 3 downstream cyclone 4. The granulator 2 points as a shredder over the circumference and in the axial direction of a rotor distributed arranged blow bars, in cooperation with a associated stator cause a low-dust cutting shear comminution, without adding the paper mixture to adhering Schnitzelblöcken too to squeeze. The crushing to the desired grain size is in the Granulator 2 by a sieve arranged below the rotor corresponding Sieblochweite and a return of the not yet sufficiently shredded material in the engagement region of the rotor guaranteed.

In the formation of the crusher 2, it is essential to that with the crushing a sticking together of several sides comminution is avoided, so that at most a small extent to each other, for example, by a block-like punching, adhesive Shredded paper can be generated. As a crusher 2 is for example also a Hammer mill suitable, in which a relatively high dust possibly in Purchase can be taken.

The cyclone 4 is a filter for separating dust from the carrier air downstream. Between the ballistic separator 1 and the granulator 2 is a Color sorting 7 switched, which colored paper components, for Example of stained papers, separated. Depending on the attack or Proportion of colored waste paper and the desired white limit values can Color sorting device 7 possibly omitted.

Between the granulator 2 and the cone sealers 3 is a paddle worm 6 trained conveying device for promoting and loosening the arranged shredded paper mixture.

The cone seal 3 is at the output side of the heavy material or the Fraction mixed paper a metal separator 8 with a downstream Downstream baler 9.

For processing or sorting, that's about a ton collection delivered waste paper mixture, sieved by means of the ballistic separator 1 and loosened and the granulator 2 abandoned and there to a grain size crushed by about 35 mm. By the sieving by means of the ballistic separator 1 are used in about 10 to 25% of the paper pulp as an overflow separated, which includes substantially larger cardboard and already the Quality of departmental waste paper (grade B 19).

Is between the Ballistikseparator 1 and the granulator 2 the Color sorting 7 switched so are the colored papers in this separated.

The shredded and optionally freed of colored components waste paper mixture is then in the cone seal 3 by means of paddle screw 6 and Vibrorinnen Promoted (not shown) and there by means of an air flow (carrier air) in a Heavy fraction and split into a Leichtgutfraktion, the Speed of air flow is set at about 3 m / sec The Heavy fraction forms the mixed paper fraction, the bulk of lumpy cardboard / cardboard, other paper shreds and at a low Proportion of other contaminants and the requirements for sorted mixed waste paper of a lower variety (variety B 12). The Leichtgutfraktion includes the deinking fraction and the promotional air flow. In the air classification, the in the crushed paper mixture contained more than 95% and contained in the cardboard containing components Enriched fraction of mixed paper.

While the fraction of mixed paper through the FE separator 8 of magnetic impurities freed and by means of the baler 9 to bales is pressed, the Leichtgutfraktion the cyclone 4 is fed and there in Deinking and air flow separated. The cyclone 4 is advantageous as Classifier cyclone formed with the in a process step or with a Device the deinking fraction separated from the carrier air and at the same time can be freed from dust.

The air flow is then fed to the filter 5 and dedusted there.

In order to obtain a good separation cut on the one hand on air classification and on the other hand to ensure a high throughput, the air classifier 3 has a sighting cross section of approximately 0.01 to 0.4 m ² , preferably 0.05 to 0.3 m ² . The volume flow of air is adjusted such that a separation rate of about 1 to 5 m / sec, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 m / sec and more preferably 1.7 to 3.5 m / sec results. In order to ensure a sufficient throughput, several air classifier 3 are connected in parallel.

After passing through shredder 2, cone sealer 3 and cyclone 4 fell in one Try about 40.5% mixed paper and about 59.5% deinking based on the crusher 2 abandoned waste paper mixture. The Fraction deinking is significantly more than 97.5% thin Paper and has only a small proportion of thin cardboard and other Impurities.

In an attempt at the cone sealer against a zigzag sifter 36% of mixed paper and about 64% Deinking based on the crusher 2 abandoned waste paper mixture at.

At the specified separation speeds were in tests Debris content of the deinking fraction, which significantly affects the quality of the Deinked papers such as e.g. Cardboard adhesive backing, Packing papers and solid-colored papers below 1.5% (mass%) based on the input of the crusher).

Disturbances that deinking in a further processing of the fraction Paper factory are discarded as rejects, such. B. plastics and wet strength papers were below 1% (% by mass based on input). Compared to known methods and devices, the impurities with a negative influence on the quality of the produced fraction Deinking with the inventive method or the inventive device to be reduced by over 30%.

In a modification of the above-described embodiment, the device with be provided with a Wellensieb to separate large cardboard automatically and a high quality cardboard fraction in an economical way manufacture.

However, a design of the screen as Ballistikseparator 1 has the advantage that he next to the Siebfunktion also by a certain cyclic beating against the input material takes on a loosening function and thus ensures that the shredder 2 possible single or loose leaves fed, so when crushing no compression of a multilayer newspaper / magazines can be done at the cutting edges. By Such loosening significantly increases the yield of deinking. If you dispense with the loosening function, you have to do one accordingly lower yield, as they may be together compressed shredded paper would get into the heavy goods.

Is the air classification in modification to the above-mentioned experiments or of the above embodiment by means of a Querstromsichters carried out, can be a compact design of the air classification with realize low capital expenditure. In a Querstromsichter can crushed paper mixture advantageously separated in free fall and a any caking of wet pieces of paper on internals avoided become.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method or the Setup the paper mixture is sieved in two stages. Here, the as Ballistikseparator 1 trained sieve be formed in two stages. One Particularly useful Ballistikseparator 1 can this purpose in the section in Main sawtooth stepped profiles with two consecutive Have areas of different Sieblochweiten. In a first area the Sieblochweite is approximately 40 to 60 mm. In a second area the Sieblochweite is about 200 to 450 mm, preferably 280 to 400 mm. In the case that is sieved with a two-stage screening, it is advantageous to direct the underflow almost directly into the air classifier 3. Such Screening also leads to an additional loosening of the feed, which is transported over the first area and thus contributes to Increase in the yield of deinking.

With the steps described above can thus be a particularly good quality Produce deinking products that have unprecedented levels of purity, in particular, a low impurity content of less than 3.5%. The Contaminants are less than 1.7% (based on the total weight of the Deinkingware) from cardboard-containing materials, and less than 1.5% non-cardboard or paper-containing contaminants, which are predominantly film-shaped Plastics include. The proportion of non-cardboard or paper-containing contaminants is about 0.8% on average. The achieved quality of Deinkingware points thus, as a rule, a share of newspapers and magazines of more than 97.5%, possibly even more than 98%, and is thus previously known deinking products far superior.

Claims (9)

1. Deinking materials made of a comminuted mixture having a proportion newspapers, a proportion of magazines and a proportion of interfering materials, whereas the comminuted mixture is separated by winnowing of an initial comminuted paper mixture without deinking material quality,
   wherein the comminuted mixture shows a grain size of about 20 to 110 mm,
   wherein the proportion of interfering materials containing paperboard in the comminuted mixture is less than 1.7 %, and
   wherein the proportion of additional heavy interfering materials showing a grain size below 8 mm is less than 0,15 %.
2. Deinking materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the grain size of the comminuted mixture is about 30 to 90 mm, preferably 35 to 60 mm.
3. Deinking materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the proportion of additional heavy interfering materials with a grain size below 8 mm is less than 0.1 %, preferably 0.5 %, particularly preferably 0.05 %.
4. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the proportion of interfering materials containing paperboard is less than 1.5 %, preferably 1.4 %.
5. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that more than 90 %, preferably 95 %, of the constituents not belonging to paper and having a grain size of more than 7 mm, preferably 8 mm, consist of plastics and/or materials containing plastics.
6. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that following hydrocyclone treatment and before fine screening at about 1.4 mm, the sticky area characterizing the proportion of adhesives is below 5000 mm²/kg of original dry material.
7. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the constituents not belonging to paper and having a grain size of more than 7 mm, preferably 8 mm, have a heating value of more than 18 MJ/kg, preferably 19 MJ/kg, at a water content of 40%.
8. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 7, obtained by a sorting a paper mixture having a proportion of newspapers, a proportion of magazines and a proportion of interfering materials in which the paper mixture is comminuted to a grain size in the range of about 20 to 80 mm, and the comminuted paper mixture is separated, by means of winnowing at a separating speed of between 1 and 5 m/sec, into a heavy fraction containing mixed paper and light fraction defining the deinking materials, wherein before being comminuted, the paper mixture is screened with a screen hole size of about 200 to 450 mm in order to separate out a coarse fraction containing large-area paperboard.
9. Deinking materials according to one of claims 1 to 7, obtained by use of an equipment for sorting a paper mixture, comprising a comminutor for comminuting the paper mixture and a winnower, downstream of the comminutor, for separating the comminuted paper mixture into a heavy fraction and a light fraction defining the deinking materials, the winnower having a winnowing cross section in which a separating speed of between 1 and 5 m/sec can be adjusted, wherein the comminutor is preceded by a screen with a screen hole size of about 200 to 450 mm in order to separate out a coarse fraction containing large-area paperboard.

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