CA2240525A1 - A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system - Google Patents
A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2240525A1 CA2240525A1 CA002240525A CA2240525A CA2240525A1 CA 2240525 A1 CA2240525 A1 CA 2240525A1 CA 002240525 A CA002240525 A CA 002240525A CA 2240525 A CA2240525 A CA 2240525A CA 2240525 A1 CA2240525 A1 CA 2240525A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- exchanger device
- elements
- flow passage
- thermoelectric units
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0042—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater characterised by the application of thermo-electric units or the Peltier effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
Abstract
A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system especially for cars or other vehicles, comprises first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31), which define separate first and second flow passages (32, 33) for heat transporting medium. Thermoelectric units (45), such as Peltier elements, are arranged between and have opposite heating and cooling surfaces in heat conductive contact with the first and second heat exchanger elements, respectively. Each heat exchanger element (30, 31) defines a tortuous flow passage (32, 33) therein having a length being several times the maximum dimension of the heat exchanger element, or a plurality of coextending separate flow passages each having a small cross-sectional area. Each flow passage (32, 33) is preferably a channel or groove formed in a side surface of the exchanger element (30, 31), and this side surface and the channels formed therein may be covered by a cover plate (43, 44). The thermoelectric units (45) may then be arranged between the cover plates (43, 44) of the first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31).
Description
' CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 17~35PC I .PO I
A HEAT E~G~3,NGER DEVICE FOR AN AIR CONDITIONI ~G SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a heat e.~changer device ~or an air conditioning system, especially ~or conditioninc ~'~e air in cabins o~ cars or other vehicles.
Air conditioning systems ~or cars comprising thermoelectric cooling units are disclosed in US Patent Mo. 3.236.056 and in the published Swedish Patent Application No. ~70d395. The air conditioning systems disclosed in these documents comprise one or more thermoelectric units which are sandwiched ketw2en straight wate~ conduits having a rectangula~ c~oss-section and ~orming part cf heat transfer circuits.
The known air conditioning systems have a relatively small coolins capacity and this may be the reason why the documents are sil~nt about the source o~ the electric energy which has to be supplied to the thermoelectric units o~ the system.
This energy source is apparently supposed to be the standard battery and electricity supply system already available in an existing standard car in which the air conditioning sys~em is to be installeâ.
The object of the present invention is to provide a hea, exchanger device ~or an air conditioning system cf the a ove type by means cf which the capacity and/or e~iciency of the air conditioning system may be substantially increased.
The heat exchanger device according to the present inventicn comprises ~irst and second heat exchanger elements de~ining separate ~irst and second ~low passages therein lor heat transporting medium, and a thermoelectric unit, such as a so-called Peltier element, arranged between and having opposite heating and cooling sur~aces in heat conductive contact with the ~irst and second he~t exchanger element, respectively, and the heat exchanger device according to the invention is characterised in that a plurality o~ thermoelectric units arranged in side-by-side relationship are sandwiched between A~E~IOEo 9HEET
b CA 02240525 1998-06-12 - L7~3~PCI.POI
] 1~1 the heat exchanger elements, and in that each hea, e~changer :=
element de~ines a tortuous fiow passage therein hav~ng a length being several ,4M~ND~D S~EET
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 WO 97/22486 PCT/DK96/00~;31 times the maximum dimension of the heat exchanger element or a plurality of coextending separate flow passages each having a small cross-sectional area.
The heat exchanger device according to the invention may secure an efficient cooling of the warm sides of the thermoelectric units and an efficient heating of the cold sides of these units, whereby the overall thermal efficiency of the air conditioning system may be increased. Furthermore, the capacity of the air conditioning system may be adapted to that desired by using a suitable number of thermoelectric units and by dimensioning the heat exchanger device corre-spondingly.
The flow passages formed in any of the heat exchanger elements may comprise two or more tortuous coextending flow 15 passages or a plurality of substantially straight flow pas-sages extending in the longit~ n~ l direction of the heat exchanger. As an example, each heat exchanger element may define one or a few separate tortuous flow passages covering substantially the area contacting the thermoelectric units, 2 0 or a plurality of separate adjacent flow passages extending in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger element.
In order to obtain substantially the same effect, the total cross-sectional area or areas of the flow passage or passages should be substantially the same in either case.
25 The thermoelectric units may, for example, be of the type marketed by Marlow Industries Inc., such as Model SP1996.
In principle, the heat exchanger device may have any suitable shape allowing the selected number of thermoelectric units to become sandwiched between the heat exchanger elements. In the preferred embodiment, however, the heat exchanger element has a flat, block-like shape, so as to allow a m~; mllm number of thermoelectric units to be included in the heat exchanger device in relation to the total volume of this device.
CA 02240~25 1998-06-12 The heat exchanger elements may have any suitable shape in plan view. However, each heat exchanger element is pre~erably elongated and may, for example, be rectangular. It has been found that the e~iciency o~ the heat exchanger is improved when the maximum longitudinal dimension o~ each element and, consequently, of the heat exchanger device substantially exceeds the maximum transverse dimension o~ the element or device. Thus, the length or longitudinal dimension may be about twice the transverse dimension or width, or more.
The best e~iciency or coe~ficient of per~ormance o~ the heat exchanger device is obtained when the cross-sectional area o~
the flow passage or passages (when each heat exchanger element de~ines two or more separate, coextending pas6ages) and the area o~ the element contacting the thermoelectric units or Peltier elements is between 0.4 x 10-3 and 0.2 and pre~erably between 1 x 10-3 and 40 x 10-3. In the presently prei~erred embodiment the said ratio is between 2.5 x 10-3 and 7.5 x 10-3.
The tortuous ~low passage may/, for example, be made in a block-shaped metal sample by drilling and by plugging some o~
the open ends o~ the passages drilled. Pre~erably, however, the ~low passage in at least one o~ said ~irst and second heat exchanger elements is a channel or groove ~ormed in a side sur~ace of the element. The side sur~ace in which the channel or groove is ~ormed may then be covered or closed in any suitable manner, for example by a ~ilm or a ~oil, so as to ~orm the tortuous ~low passage. Straight ~low passages may be made in the same way or by extrusion o~ the heat exchanger element.
In a pre~erred embodiment the ~irst as well as the second ~low passage are channels or grooves ~ormed in opposite, adjacent side sur~aces o~ the ~irst and second heat exchanger elements. The channel or groove in each heat exchanger element may then be covered by a cover plate or foil sealed CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PcT~K96/00531 to the element at least along the contour o~ the element. The plate-like thermoelectric unit or Peltier element may then be arranged between the cover plates of the first and second heat exchanger elements, ~or example by means of thermo con-ductive paste or adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, theheat exchanger elements may be clamped together by releasable mechanical clamping means, such as screws or bolts, whereby an optimum specific contact pressure between the heat exchanger elements and the thermoelectric units sandwiched therebetween may be adjusted.
The tortuous flow passages de~ined in the heat exchanger elements may have any desired shape securing a good heat transfer between the heat transporting medium, usually water or an aqueous liquid, flowing through the flow passages and the ad~acent side surfaces of the thermoelectric units.
However, preferably at least one of the ~irst and second ~low passages defines one or more m~An~e~-shaped patterns which have been ~ound to be especially efficient.
Each o~ the flow passages defined by the heat exchanger elements has an inlet and an outlet which may be located at any suitable position o~ the element. Pre~erably, each o~ the heat exchanger elements has the inlet as well as the outlet arranged at the same end. Thus, the first heat exchanger element may have its inlet and outlet positioned at one end while the ~irst element may have its inlet and outlet posi-tioned at the opposite end of the heat exchanger device. In such case each of the circuits of the air conditioning system for heat transporting medium has to be connected to only one end of the heat exchanger device.
Each of the heat exchanger elements may have a substantially rectangular outline, and the flow passage defined in each element may then comprise a transversely extending meander-shaped flow passage section at each end of the heat exchanger element interconnected by a longitudinally extending m~n~er-CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 shaped flow passage section. This flow passage pattern has proved to be especially efficient.
The heat exchanger device according to the invention may be given any desired size and shape so that any desired number of thermoelectric units or Peltier elements may be sandwiched between the heat ~ch~nger elements. Conse~uently, any desired cooling capacity of an air conditioning system inclu-ding the heat exchanger may be obtained.
When the heat exchanger device comprises a plurality of thermoelectric units or Peltier elements these thermoelectric units are preferably divided into a number of groups, the thermoelectric units of each group being electrically con-nected in series and the groups of thermoelectrlc units being mutually electrically connected in parallel. This arrangement has the advantage that in case a thermoelectric unit belong-ing to one of the groups breaks down only that group to which it belongs becomes ine~ficient.
Even though the thermal efficiency of an air conditioning system including the heat ~rh~nger device according to the invention is rather high, the standard electrical supply system in a standard car is usually not sufficient to supply electric energy also to the thermoelectric units of the heat exchanger device in cases where a good cooling capacity is required. Therefore, electric energy may be supplied to the thermoelectric units of the heat exchanger device from a separate electric supply system including a current generator driven by the engine of the vehicle being air conditioned.
In order to obtain maximum performance of the thermoelectric units the heat transporting capacity of the ~1uid flowing in the flow passage adjacent to the warm sides of the thermoelectric units should substantially exceed the heat transporting capacity of the medium flowing in the flow passage adjacent to the cold side of the thermoelectric units. This may, for example, be obtained by a heat exchanger CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 device being formed by three superposed heat exchanger elements, the flow passages formed in the outer elements being interconnected. Thermoelectric units may then be arranged between the inner heat exchanger element and any of the outer elements so that the warm sides of the thermoelect-ric units are in contact with the outer elements while the cold sides are in contact with the inner heat ~xch~nger element. In the preferred embodiment, however, the heat ~h~nger device comprises only a pair of heat exchanger elements, and the length of the flow passage adjacent to the warm sides of the thermoelectric units may then be longer than that of the other flow pas~age adjacent to the cold side of the thermoelectric units.
The heat exchanger elements should be made from a material with good heat conductive characteristics. Thus, the first and second heat exchanger elements are pre~erably made ~rom aluminum, copper and/or from alloys thereo~.
The present invention further provides a system for condi-tioning air in a room, such as a cabin of a vehicle, such system comprising a heat exchanger device according to the invention as described above, the first and second passages of the heat exchanger device being included into first and second closed liquid circuits, respectively, each liquid circuit including a radiator and means for circulating liquid therethrough. One of these radiators may be arranged inside and one being arranged outside the room in which the air is to be conditioned. When the air conditioning system is used for conditioning the air of a vehicle cabin, one of the liquid circuits may include part of the liquid cooling system of a combustion engine for driving the vehicle. The radiator in the cabin may then selectively be provided with hot water from the driving engine or with cold water from the heat exchanger device.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings, wherein CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an air conditioning system according to the invention for use in a car, Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a heat exchanger device shown in an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 is a longitll~in~l sectional view along the line III-III shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 i6 a transverse sectional view along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2, Figs. 5 and 6 are plan views showing liquid passages ~ormed in elements o~ the heat exchanger device shown in Figs. 2-4, and Fig. 7 diagrammatically illustrates a modi~ied embodiment o~
the system shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an air conditioning system which has been installed in a standard automobile having a driving combustion engine 10. The engine 10 drives an extra current generator 11 which is supplying current to an el~ct~ic circuit 12 which comprises an on-o~ switch 13, a pair o~ relays 14, a pair o~ fuses 15, and an ignition lock 16. The cabin heating system o~ the automobile or car com-prises a closed cooling water circuit 17 including the cool-ing jacket o~ the engine 10 and a radiator 18, which is arranged within the cabin o~ the car and which is associated with a blower or ~an 19. The air within the car cabin may be heated in a conventional manner by controlling the ~an 19 and the ~low o~ hot cooling water circulating through the radi-ator 18.
A second water circuit 20 ~or cooled water including a water pump 21 and a solenoid valve 22 is connected to part o~ the water circuit 17 so as to include the cabin radiator 18. The second water circuit 20 also includes a cold ~low passage o~
a heat ~ch~nger device 23 illustrated i~ Figs. 2-6 and ~urther described below.
The air conditioning system shown in Fig. 1 ~urther comprises a third closed liquid circuit 24 comprising a hot ~low pas-CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/OOS31 sage o~ the heat exchanger device 23, a circulating pump 25, a radiator 26 arranged outside the car cabin and having an associated blower or ~an 27, and a liquid expansion tank 28.
The cabin radiator 18 may be disconnected ~rom the water jacket o~ the engine lO by means o~ solenoid valves 29.
The heat exchanger device 23 will now be described in more detail. The device 23 comprises a pair o~ plate-like elements 30 and 31 made ~rom metal, such as aluminum. A tortuous channel or groove 32 and 33, respectively, is formed in a side sur~ace o~ each o~ the elements 30 and 31. The channel 32 ~ormed in the element 30 comprises a me~n~ shaped chan-nel section 34 arranged at one end o~ the substantially rectangular element 30, a corresponding meander-shaped chan-nel section 35 arranged at the opposite end o~ the element, 15 and an interconnecting, longitudinally extending, meander-shaped channel section 36. The end channel section 35 is connected to a li~uid inlet 37, and the end channel section 34 is connected to a liquid outlet 38 via a longitudinally extending straight ch~nn~l segment 39. Through holes 40 are positioned along the periphery o~ the element 30 and through holes 41 are positioned along the central line o~ the element. A circum~erential groove 42 ~or receiving a sealing ring or gasket is ~ormed outside the ch~nn~l sections 34-36 and 39.
25 Apart ~rom the ~act that the total length o~ the channel 33 in the plate-like element 31 is substantially greater than the total length o~ the channel 32 in the element 30, the elements 30 and 31 are alike. There~ore, the re~erence numerals used in Fig. 6 are the same as those o~ Fig. 5.
30 However, in Fig. 6 a mark has been added to the re~erence numerals.
The channels or grooves 32 and 33 in each of the plate-like elements 30 and 31, respectively are covered by a thin, heat conductive cover plate 43 and 44, respectively, and each of 35 the cover plates are in sealing engagement with a gasket or a CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097/22486 PCT~K96/~0531 sealing ring positioned in the gasket grooves 42 and 42 ', respectively. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4 an arrangement of a plurality of plate-like Peltier elements 45 are sandwiched between the cover plates 43 and 44 sO as to cover substan-5 tially the total area inside the gasket groove 42. Theelements 30 and 31 with their cover plates 43 and 44 and with the Peltier elements 45 arranged therebetween are clamped together by means of bolts 46 or similar releasable fastening means extending through the aligned holes or bores 40, 40' and 41, 41~.
The Peltier elements are preferably of the type marketed by Marlow Industries Inc., Model SP1996. The heat exchanger device may, for example include twelve Peltier elements which may be divided into six groups each including a pair of 15 elements connected in series. Each of the six groups of Peltier elements may be connected mutually in parallel into the current supply circuit 12 sO that the plate-like element 30 is positioned on the cooling side of the Peltier elements 45 while the plate-like element 31 is positioned on the 20 heating side of the Peltier elements.
The meander-shaped ch~nn~ls or grooves 3 2 and 33 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be replaced by a plurality of straight, substantially parallel, separate channels or grooves extend-ing in the longitll~;n~l direction of each of the elements. In 25 such case, the cross-sectional area of each channel or groove as shown in Fig. 4 would be substantially smaller. When the channels or grooves are straight, each element 30 and 31 and the corresponding cover plate 43 or 44 may be formed by extrusion as a coherent part.
30 The heat exchanger device 23 is preferably heat insulated and supported by shock absorbing means. The heat insulating means may, for example, be foamed plastic which also functions as a shock absorber.
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097~2486 PCT~K96/00531 The air conditioning system illustrated in Fig. 1 operates as follows. When the on-off switch 13 is in its of~ position the solenoid valves 29 are open while the valve 22 is closed. In this state the cabin radiator 18 and the blower 19 may heat the air in the car cabin in a conventional m~nn~r When the switch 13 is moved to its on position the valves 29 are closed while the valve 22 i9 opened and electric current is supplied to the Peltier elements 45 of the heat exchanger device 23, to the pumps 21 and 25 and to the fan 27. Water in the second water circuit 20 will now be circulated through the flow passage de~ined by the channel 32 in the heat exchanger device 23 whereby the water will be e~iciently cooled by the Peltier elements 45 in a m~nn~ known per se.
The cold water ~lowing through the cabin radiator 18 will now 15 cool the cabin air being circulated in the cabin by means of the blower 19. At the same time the warm side of the Peltier elements 45 will be cooled by water or another liquid being circulated in the third water circuit 24 which includes the channel 33 of the heat exchanger device 23, by means of the pump 25. The heat removed from the heat exchanger device 23 will be given of~ to the outside air via the outside radiator 26.
In the air conditioning system shown in Fig. 7 the parts similar to those shown in Fig. 1 has been indicated by the same reference numerals.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 the second water circuit has been made independent of the cooling water circuit 17 and comprise a separate radiator 47 arranged opposite to the blower 19 and a liquid expansion tank 48. Furthermore, the operation of the various electrical devices of the system i8 controlled by an electric control unit 49. It is appreciated that the air conditioning system shown in Fig. 7 may be installed in a car without interfering with the existing electrical and cooling systems of the car.
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 EXAMPLE
A heat exchanger device as that illustrated in Figs. 2-6 has a length of 330 mm, a width of 152 mm and a total thickness o~ 51 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions o~ the channel 32 in the plate-like element 30 is 9 x 14 mm, while the cross-sec-tional dimensions o~ the channel 33 in the plate-like member 31 is 6 x 14 mm. The heat exchanger device contains twelve Peltier elements Model SP1996 ~rom Marlow Industries Inc.
These elements are divided into six pairs which are mutually connected in parallel while each pair i8 connected in series.
During cooling down ~rom a temperature in the cabin o~ a car substantially above ambient temperature, the device is ope-rating at an electric direct current o~ 42.1 ampere at a voltage o~ 27.2 volts is supplied to the Peltier elements.
Thus, the power consumption i8 1145 W/h. Water or water containing glycol is circulated in the circuits 20 and 24 and through the associated channels or grooves 32, 33 o~ the heat exchanger device. The ~low rate through the ~h~nn~ls 32 at the cold side o~ the Peltier elements is 6 l/min at a pres-sure of 0.6-0.8 bar. The cooling rate o~ the cabin by means o~ the radiator 18 corresponds to lOOO W/h.
The liquid is ~orced through the liquid circuit 24 including the channel~ 33 by means o~ the pump 25 at a rate o~ 6 l/min at a pressure o~ 0.6-0.8 bar.
The coe~icient o~ per~ormance o~ the system may be calcula-ted as ~ollows:
1000 W x 100 = 87,4~.
A HEAT E~G~3,NGER DEVICE FOR AN AIR CONDITIONI ~G SYSTEM
The present invention relates to a heat e.~changer device ~or an air conditioning system, especially ~or conditioninc ~'~e air in cabins o~ cars or other vehicles.
Air conditioning systems ~or cars comprising thermoelectric cooling units are disclosed in US Patent Mo. 3.236.056 and in the published Swedish Patent Application No. ~70d395. The air conditioning systems disclosed in these documents comprise one or more thermoelectric units which are sandwiched ketw2en straight wate~ conduits having a rectangula~ c~oss-section and ~orming part cf heat transfer circuits.
The known air conditioning systems have a relatively small coolins capacity and this may be the reason why the documents are sil~nt about the source o~ the electric energy which has to be supplied to the thermoelectric units o~ the system.
This energy source is apparently supposed to be the standard battery and electricity supply system already available in an existing standard car in which the air conditioning sys~em is to be installeâ.
The object of the present invention is to provide a hea, exchanger device ~or an air conditioning system cf the a ove type by means cf which the capacity and/or e~iciency of the air conditioning system may be substantially increased.
The heat exchanger device according to the present inventicn comprises ~irst and second heat exchanger elements de~ining separate ~irst and second ~low passages therein lor heat transporting medium, and a thermoelectric unit, such as a so-called Peltier element, arranged between and having opposite heating and cooling sur~aces in heat conductive contact with the ~irst and second he~t exchanger element, respectively, and the heat exchanger device according to the invention is characterised in that a plurality o~ thermoelectric units arranged in side-by-side relationship are sandwiched between A~E~IOEo 9HEET
b CA 02240525 1998-06-12 - L7~3~PCI.POI
] 1~1 the heat exchanger elements, and in that each hea, e~changer :=
element de~ines a tortuous fiow passage therein hav~ng a length being several ,4M~ND~D S~EET
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 WO 97/22486 PCT/DK96/00~;31 times the maximum dimension of the heat exchanger element or a plurality of coextending separate flow passages each having a small cross-sectional area.
The heat exchanger device according to the invention may secure an efficient cooling of the warm sides of the thermoelectric units and an efficient heating of the cold sides of these units, whereby the overall thermal efficiency of the air conditioning system may be increased. Furthermore, the capacity of the air conditioning system may be adapted to that desired by using a suitable number of thermoelectric units and by dimensioning the heat exchanger device corre-spondingly.
The flow passages formed in any of the heat exchanger elements may comprise two or more tortuous coextending flow 15 passages or a plurality of substantially straight flow pas-sages extending in the longit~ n~ l direction of the heat exchanger. As an example, each heat exchanger element may define one or a few separate tortuous flow passages covering substantially the area contacting the thermoelectric units, 2 0 or a plurality of separate adjacent flow passages extending in the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger element.
In order to obtain substantially the same effect, the total cross-sectional area or areas of the flow passage or passages should be substantially the same in either case.
25 The thermoelectric units may, for example, be of the type marketed by Marlow Industries Inc., such as Model SP1996.
In principle, the heat exchanger device may have any suitable shape allowing the selected number of thermoelectric units to become sandwiched between the heat exchanger elements. In the preferred embodiment, however, the heat exchanger element has a flat, block-like shape, so as to allow a m~; mllm number of thermoelectric units to be included in the heat exchanger device in relation to the total volume of this device.
CA 02240~25 1998-06-12 The heat exchanger elements may have any suitable shape in plan view. However, each heat exchanger element is pre~erably elongated and may, for example, be rectangular. It has been found that the e~iciency o~ the heat exchanger is improved when the maximum longitudinal dimension o~ each element and, consequently, of the heat exchanger device substantially exceeds the maximum transverse dimension o~ the element or device. Thus, the length or longitudinal dimension may be about twice the transverse dimension or width, or more.
The best e~iciency or coe~ficient of per~ormance o~ the heat exchanger device is obtained when the cross-sectional area o~
the flow passage or passages (when each heat exchanger element de~ines two or more separate, coextending pas6ages) and the area o~ the element contacting the thermoelectric units or Peltier elements is between 0.4 x 10-3 and 0.2 and pre~erably between 1 x 10-3 and 40 x 10-3. In the presently prei~erred embodiment the said ratio is between 2.5 x 10-3 and 7.5 x 10-3.
The tortuous ~low passage may/, for example, be made in a block-shaped metal sample by drilling and by plugging some o~
the open ends o~ the passages drilled. Pre~erably, however, the ~low passage in at least one o~ said ~irst and second heat exchanger elements is a channel or groove ~ormed in a side sur~ace of the element. The side sur~ace in which the channel or groove is ~ormed may then be covered or closed in any suitable manner, for example by a ~ilm or a ~oil, so as to ~orm the tortuous ~low passage. Straight ~low passages may be made in the same way or by extrusion o~ the heat exchanger element.
In a pre~erred embodiment the ~irst as well as the second ~low passage are channels or grooves ~ormed in opposite, adjacent side sur~aces o~ the ~irst and second heat exchanger elements. The channel or groove in each heat exchanger element may then be covered by a cover plate or foil sealed CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PcT~K96/00531 to the element at least along the contour o~ the element. The plate-like thermoelectric unit or Peltier element may then be arranged between the cover plates of the first and second heat exchanger elements, ~or example by means of thermo con-ductive paste or adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, theheat exchanger elements may be clamped together by releasable mechanical clamping means, such as screws or bolts, whereby an optimum specific contact pressure between the heat exchanger elements and the thermoelectric units sandwiched therebetween may be adjusted.
The tortuous flow passages de~ined in the heat exchanger elements may have any desired shape securing a good heat transfer between the heat transporting medium, usually water or an aqueous liquid, flowing through the flow passages and the ad~acent side surfaces of the thermoelectric units.
However, preferably at least one of the ~irst and second ~low passages defines one or more m~An~e~-shaped patterns which have been ~ound to be especially efficient.
Each o~ the flow passages defined by the heat exchanger elements has an inlet and an outlet which may be located at any suitable position o~ the element. Pre~erably, each o~ the heat exchanger elements has the inlet as well as the outlet arranged at the same end. Thus, the first heat exchanger element may have its inlet and outlet positioned at one end while the ~irst element may have its inlet and outlet posi-tioned at the opposite end of the heat exchanger device. In such case each of the circuits of the air conditioning system for heat transporting medium has to be connected to only one end of the heat exchanger device.
Each of the heat exchanger elements may have a substantially rectangular outline, and the flow passage defined in each element may then comprise a transversely extending meander-shaped flow passage section at each end of the heat exchanger element interconnected by a longitudinally extending m~n~er-CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 shaped flow passage section. This flow passage pattern has proved to be especially efficient.
The heat exchanger device according to the invention may be given any desired size and shape so that any desired number of thermoelectric units or Peltier elements may be sandwiched between the heat ~ch~nger elements. Conse~uently, any desired cooling capacity of an air conditioning system inclu-ding the heat exchanger may be obtained.
When the heat exchanger device comprises a plurality of thermoelectric units or Peltier elements these thermoelectric units are preferably divided into a number of groups, the thermoelectric units of each group being electrically con-nected in series and the groups of thermoelectrlc units being mutually electrically connected in parallel. This arrangement has the advantage that in case a thermoelectric unit belong-ing to one of the groups breaks down only that group to which it belongs becomes ine~ficient.
Even though the thermal efficiency of an air conditioning system including the heat ~rh~nger device according to the invention is rather high, the standard electrical supply system in a standard car is usually not sufficient to supply electric energy also to the thermoelectric units of the heat exchanger device in cases where a good cooling capacity is required. Therefore, electric energy may be supplied to the thermoelectric units of the heat exchanger device from a separate electric supply system including a current generator driven by the engine of the vehicle being air conditioned.
In order to obtain maximum performance of the thermoelectric units the heat transporting capacity of the ~1uid flowing in the flow passage adjacent to the warm sides of the thermoelectric units should substantially exceed the heat transporting capacity of the medium flowing in the flow passage adjacent to the cold side of the thermoelectric units. This may, for example, be obtained by a heat exchanger CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 device being formed by three superposed heat exchanger elements, the flow passages formed in the outer elements being interconnected. Thermoelectric units may then be arranged between the inner heat exchanger element and any of the outer elements so that the warm sides of the thermoelect-ric units are in contact with the outer elements while the cold sides are in contact with the inner heat ~xch~nger element. In the preferred embodiment, however, the heat ~h~nger device comprises only a pair of heat exchanger elements, and the length of the flow passage adjacent to the warm sides of the thermoelectric units may then be longer than that of the other flow pas~age adjacent to the cold side of the thermoelectric units.
The heat exchanger elements should be made from a material with good heat conductive characteristics. Thus, the first and second heat exchanger elements are pre~erably made ~rom aluminum, copper and/or from alloys thereo~.
The present invention further provides a system for condi-tioning air in a room, such as a cabin of a vehicle, such system comprising a heat exchanger device according to the invention as described above, the first and second passages of the heat exchanger device being included into first and second closed liquid circuits, respectively, each liquid circuit including a radiator and means for circulating liquid therethrough. One of these radiators may be arranged inside and one being arranged outside the room in which the air is to be conditioned. When the air conditioning system is used for conditioning the air of a vehicle cabin, one of the liquid circuits may include part of the liquid cooling system of a combustion engine for driving the vehicle. The radiator in the cabin may then selectively be provided with hot water from the driving engine or with cold water from the heat exchanger device.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings, wherein CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an air conditioning system according to the invention for use in a car, Fig. 2 is a top plan view of a heat exchanger device shown in an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 is a longitll~in~l sectional view along the line III-III shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 i6 a transverse sectional view along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2, Figs. 5 and 6 are plan views showing liquid passages ~ormed in elements o~ the heat exchanger device shown in Figs. 2-4, and Fig. 7 diagrammatically illustrates a modi~ied embodiment o~
the system shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates an air conditioning system which has been installed in a standard automobile having a driving combustion engine 10. The engine 10 drives an extra current generator 11 which is supplying current to an el~ct~ic circuit 12 which comprises an on-o~ switch 13, a pair o~ relays 14, a pair o~ fuses 15, and an ignition lock 16. The cabin heating system o~ the automobile or car com-prises a closed cooling water circuit 17 including the cool-ing jacket o~ the engine 10 and a radiator 18, which is arranged within the cabin o~ the car and which is associated with a blower or ~an 19. The air within the car cabin may be heated in a conventional manner by controlling the ~an 19 and the ~low o~ hot cooling water circulating through the radi-ator 18.
A second water circuit 20 ~or cooled water including a water pump 21 and a solenoid valve 22 is connected to part o~ the water circuit 17 so as to include the cabin radiator 18. The second water circuit 20 also includes a cold ~low passage o~
a heat ~ch~nger device 23 illustrated i~ Figs. 2-6 and ~urther described below.
The air conditioning system shown in Fig. 1 ~urther comprises a third closed liquid circuit 24 comprising a hot ~low pas-CA 02240~2~ 1998-06-12 W097/22486 PCT~K96/OOS31 sage o~ the heat exchanger device 23, a circulating pump 25, a radiator 26 arranged outside the car cabin and having an associated blower or ~an 27, and a liquid expansion tank 28.
The cabin radiator 18 may be disconnected ~rom the water jacket o~ the engine lO by means o~ solenoid valves 29.
The heat exchanger device 23 will now be described in more detail. The device 23 comprises a pair o~ plate-like elements 30 and 31 made ~rom metal, such as aluminum. A tortuous channel or groove 32 and 33, respectively, is formed in a side sur~ace o~ each o~ the elements 30 and 31. The channel 32 ~ormed in the element 30 comprises a me~n~ shaped chan-nel section 34 arranged at one end o~ the substantially rectangular element 30, a corresponding meander-shaped chan-nel section 35 arranged at the opposite end o~ the element, 15 and an interconnecting, longitudinally extending, meander-shaped channel section 36. The end channel section 35 is connected to a li~uid inlet 37, and the end channel section 34 is connected to a liquid outlet 38 via a longitudinally extending straight ch~nn~l segment 39. Through holes 40 are positioned along the periphery o~ the element 30 and through holes 41 are positioned along the central line o~ the element. A circum~erential groove 42 ~or receiving a sealing ring or gasket is ~ormed outside the ch~nn~l sections 34-36 and 39.
25 Apart ~rom the ~act that the total length o~ the channel 33 in the plate-like element 31 is substantially greater than the total length o~ the channel 32 in the element 30, the elements 30 and 31 are alike. There~ore, the re~erence numerals used in Fig. 6 are the same as those o~ Fig. 5.
30 However, in Fig. 6 a mark has been added to the re~erence numerals.
The channels or grooves 32 and 33 in each of the plate-like elements 30 and 31, respectively are covered by a thin, heat conductive cover plate 43 and 44, respectively, and each of 35 the cover plates are in sealing engagement with a gasket or a CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097/22486 PCT~K96/~0531 sealing ring positioned in the gasket grooves 42 and 42 ', respectively. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4 an arrangement of a plurality of plate-like Peltier elements 45 are sandwiched between the cover plates 43 and 44 sO as to cover substan-5 tially the total area inside the gasket groove 42. Theelements 30 and 31 with their cover plates 43 and 44 and with the Peltier elements 45 arranged therebetween are clamped together by means of bolts 46 or similar releasable fastening means extending through the aligned holes or bores 40, 40' and 41, 41~.
The Peltier elements are preferably of the type marketed by Marlow Industries Inc., Model SP1996. The heat exchanger device may, for example include twelve Peltier elements which may be divided into six groups each including a pair of 15 elements connected in series. Each of the six groups of Peltier elements may be connected mutually in parallel into the current supply circuit 12 sO that the plate-like element 30 is positioned on the cooling side of the Peltier elements 45 while the plate-like element 31 is positioned on the 20 heating side of the Peltier elements.
The meander-shaped ch~nn~ls or grooves 3 2 and 33 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be replaced by a plurality of straight, substantially parallel, separate channels or grooves extend-ing in the longitll~;n~l direction of each of the elements. In 25 such case, the cross-sectional area of each channel or groove as shown in Fig. 4 would be substantially smaller. When the channels or grooves are straight, each element 30 and 31 and the corresponding cover plate 43 or 44 may be formed by extrusion as a coherent part.
30 The heat exchanger device 23 is preferably heat insulated and supported by shock absorbing means. The heat insulating means may, for example, be foamed plastic which also functions as a shock absorber.
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097~2486 PCT~K96/00531 The air conditioning system illustrated in Fig. 1 operates as follows. When the on-off switch 13 is in its of~ position the solenoid valves 29 are open while the valve 22 is closed. In this state the cabin radiator 18 and the blower 19 may heat the air in the car cabin in a conventional m~nn~r When the switch 13 is moved to its on position the valves 29 are closed while the valve 22 i9 opened and electric current is supplied to the Peltier elements 45 of the heat exchanger device 23, to the pumps 21 and 25 and to the fan 27. Water in the second water circuit 20 will now be circulated through the flow passage de~ined by the channel 32 in the heat exchanger device 23 whereby the water will be e~iciently cooled by the Peltier elements 45 in a m~nn~ known per se.
The cold water ~lowing through the cabin radiator 18 will now 15 cool the cabin air being circulated in the cabin by means of the blower 19. At the same time the warm side of the Peltier elements 45 will be cooled by water or another liquid being circulated in the third water circuit 24 which includes the channel 33 of the heat exchanger device 23, by means of the pump 25. The heat removed from the heat exchanger device 23 will be given of~ to the outside air via the outside radiator 26.
In the air conditioning system shown in Fig. 7 the parts similar to those shown in Fig. 1 has been indicated by the same reference numerals.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 the second water circuit has been made independent of the cooling water circuit 17 and comprise a separate radiator 47 arranged opposite to the blower 19 and a liquid expansion tank 48. Furthermore, the operation of the various electrical devices of the system i8 controlled by an electric control unit 49. It is appreciated that the air conditioning system shown in Fig. 7 may be installed in a car without interfering with the existing electrical and cooling systems of the car.
CA 02240~2~ l998-06-l2 W097/22486 PCT~K96/00531 EXAMPLE
A heat exchanger device as that illustrated in Figs. 2-6 has a length of 330 mm, a width of 152 mm and a total thickness o~ 51 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions o~ the channel 32 in the plate-like element 30 is 9 x 14 mm, while the cross-sec-tional dimensions o~ the channel 33 in the plate-like member 31 is 6 x 14 mm. The heat exchanger device contains twelve Peltier elements Model SP1996 ~rom Marlow Industries Inc.
These elements are divided into six pairs which are mutually connected in parallel while each pair i8 connected in series.
During cooling down ~rom a temperature in the cabin o~ a car substantially above ambient temperature, the device is ope-rating at an electric direct current o~ 42.1 ampere at a voltage o~ 27.2 volts is supplied to the Peltier elements.
Thus, the power consumption i8 1145 W/h. Water or water containing glycol is circulated in the circuits 20 and 24 and through the associated channels or grooves 32, 33 o~ the heat exchanger device. The ~low rate through the ~h~nn~ls 32 at the cold side o~ the Peltier elements is 6 l/min at a pres-sure of 0.6-0.8 bar. The cooling rate o~ the cabin by means o~ the radiator 18 corresponds to lOOO W/h.
The liquid is ~orced through the liquid circuit 24 including the channel~ 33 by means o~ the pump 25 at a rate o~ 6 l/min at a pressure o~ 0.6-0.8 bar.
The coe~icient o~ per~ormance o~ the system may be calcula-ted as ~ollows:
1000 W x 100 = 87,4~.
Claims (20)
1. A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system, said heat exchanger device (23) comprising first and second heat exchanger elements (30,31) defining separate first and second flow passages (32, 33) for heat transporting medium, and a thermoelectric unit (45) arranged between and having opposite heating and cooling surfaces in heat conductive contact with the first and second heat exchanger elements, respectively, characterised in that a plurality of thermoelectric units (45) arranged in side-by-side relationship are sandwiched between the heat exchanger elements (30, 31), and in that each heat exchanger element (30, 31) defines a tortuous flow passage (32, 33) therein having a length being several times the maximum dimension of the heat exchanger element, or a plurality of coextending separate flow passages each having a small cross-sectional area.
2. A heat exchanger device according to claim 1, wherein each heat exchanger element (30, 31) has a flat, block-like shape.
3. A heat exchanger device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each heat exchanger element has an elongated, preferably substantially rectangular shape.
4. A heat exchanger device according to claim 3, wherein the maximum longitudinal dimension of each heat exchanger element substantially exceeds the maximum transverse dimension thereof.
5. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-4, wherein the ratio between the cross-sectional areas of the flow passage or the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the flow passages, and the areas of the heat exchanger surface being in contact with the thermoelectric units is 12a between 0.4 x 10-3 and 0.2, and preferably between 1 x 10-3 and 40 x 10-3.
6 . A heat exchanger according to claim 5, wherein said ratio is between 2.5 x 10-3 and 7.5 x 10-3.
7. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-6, wherein the flow passage in at least one of said first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31) is a channel or groove (32, 33) formed in a side surface of the element.
8. A heat exchanger device according to claim 7, wherein said first and second flow passages are channels or grooves (32, 33) formed in opposite, adjacent side surfaces of the first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31).
9. A heat exchanger device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the channel or groove (32, 33) in each heat exchanger element (30, 31) is covered by a cover plate (43, 44) sealed to the element along the contour of the element.
10. A heat exchanger device according to claim 8 and 9, wherein the plate-like thermoelectric units (45) are arranged between the cover plates (43, 44) of the first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31).
11. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-10, wherein the heat exchanger elements (30, 31) are clamped together by releasable clamping means, such as screws or bolts (46).
12. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-11, wherein at least one of the first and second flow passages (32, 33) defines one or more meander-shaped patterns (34-36).
13. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-12, wherein the flow passage (32, 33) of each heat exchanger element (30, 31) has an inlet and an outlet (37, 38) arranged at one end of the heat exchanger element (30, 31).
14. A heat exchanger device according to claim 12 and 13, wherein each of the heat exchanger elements (30, 31) has a substantially rectangular outline, the flow passage (32, 33) being defined in each element comprising a transversely extending meander-shaped flow passage section (34, 35) at each end of the heat exchanger element interconnected by a longitudinally extending meander-shaped flow passage section (36).
15. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-14, comprising a plurality of thermoelectric units (45) which are divided into a number of groups, the thermoelectric units of each group being electrically connected in series and the groups of thermoelectric units being mutually electrically connected in parallel.
16. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-15, wherein the length of the flow passage (33) adjacent to the warm side of the thermoelectric units (45) is longer than that of the other flow passage (32) adjacent to the cold side of the thermoelectric units.
17. A heat exchanger device according to any of the claims 1-16, wherein the first and second heat exchanger elements (30, 31) are made from a heat conductive material, such as aluminum, copper, and/or from alloys thereof.
18. A heat exchanger according to any of the claims 1-17 adapted for conditioning the air of a vehicle cabin.
19. A system for conditioning air in a room, such as the cabin of a vehicle, said system comprising a heat exchanger device (23) according to any of the claims 1-18, the first and second passages (32, 33) of the heat exchanger device being included into first (20) and second (24) closed liquid circuits, respectively, each liquid circuit including a radiator (18, 27) and means (21, 25) for circulating liquid therethrough.
20. A system according to claim 19 for conditioning the air of a vehicle cabin, wherein the first liquid circuit (20) includes part of the liquid cooling system (17) of a combustion engine (10) for driving the vehicle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK142795 | 1995-12-15 | ||
| DK1427/95 | 1995-12-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2240525A1 true CA2240525A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
Family
ID=8104724
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002240525A Abandoned CA2240525A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1996-12-16 | A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0863816A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000502174A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000064376A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU699295B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9612035A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2240525A1 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE9800184A (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901660A2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL124896A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ324269A (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9620134A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK82798A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199801166T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997022486A1 (en) |
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| EP0952017A3 (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2002-01-23 | Climcon A/S | A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system |
| US6592577B2 (en) * | 1999-01-25 | 2003-07-15 | Cryocath Technologies Inc. | Cooling system |
| JP2000335230A (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-12-05 | Tgk Co Ltd | Heating device for vehicle |
| JP4350884B2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2009-10-21 | 株式会社Ｋｅｌｋ | Heat exchanger |
| US6959555B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2005-11-01 | Bsst Llc | High power density thermoelectric systems |
| US7942010B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2011-05-17 | Bsst, Llc | Thermoelectric power generating systems utilizing segmented thermoelectric elements |
| US6672076B2 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2004-01-06 | Bsst Llc | Efficiency thermoelectrics utilizing convective heat flow |
| JP2002250572A (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-09-06 | Komatsu Electronics Inc | Heat exchanger |
| US7426835B2 (en) | 2001-08-07 | 2008-09-23 | Bsst, Llc | Thermoelectric personal environment appliance |
| US6430935B1 (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2002-08-13 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Personal cooling air filtering device |
| US7380586B2 (en) * | 2004-05-10 | 2008-06-03 | Bsst Llc | Climate control system for hybrid vehicles using thermoelectric devices |
| US8783397B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2014-07-22 | Bsst Llc | Energy management system for a hybrid-electric vehicle |
| DE102006004756B4 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2015-10-15 | Herbert Wolf | Peltier heat exchanger in modular design |
| DE102005051309A1 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2007-05-03 | Webasto Ag | Exhaust gas heat exchanger for a thermoelectric generator and thermoelectric generator |
| CN100408926C (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2008-08-06 | 湖南大学 | Air ventilating fan with heat recovery function |
| KR101200754B1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-11-13 | 한라공조주식회사 | Device assistance a cooling and heating for vehicle using thermoelectric element |
| US7870745B2 (en) | 2006-03-16 | 2011-01-18 | Bsst Llc | Thermoelectric device efficiency enhancement using dynamic feedback |
| JP4493641B2 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2010-06-30 | ビーエスエスティー リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Thermoelectric heating and cooling system for hybrid electric vehicles |
| ATE424320T1 (en) | 2006-12-12 | 2009-03-15 | Dezsoe Balogh | THERMOELECTRIC AIR CONDITIONER FOR VEHICLES |
| DE102007024037A1 (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2008-11-27 | Volkswagen Ag | Peltier technology based electrical heating and air conditioning system for vehicle, particularly passenger car, has air conditioner, with which fresh air is absorbed from environment and circulating air is aspirated from vehicle interior |
| CN101720414B (en) | 2007-05-25 | 2015-01-21 | Bsst有限责任公司 | System and method for distributed thermoelectric heating and colling |
| DE102007063251B4 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2022-06-02 | Volkswagen Ag | Heating and/or air conditioning system with Peltier technology for a motor vehicle and method therefor |
| CN102105757A (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2011-06-22 | Bsst有限责任公司 | Thermoelectric heat pump |
| US20100101239A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 | 2010-04-29 | Lagrandeur John | Multi-mode hvac system with thermoelectric device |
| DE102009009586A1 (en) * | 2009-02-19 | 2010-08-26 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Thermoelectric device |
| DE102010002018A1 (en) * | 2010-02-17 | 2011-08-18 | Behr GmbH & Co. KG, 70469 | Heating system for an electrically driven vehicle and operating method |
| JP5488510B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2014-05-14 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | Thermoelectric conversion unit |
| JP5908975B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2016-04-26 | ジェンサーム インコーポレイテッドＧｅｎｔｈｅｒｍ Ｉｎｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｅｄ | Cartridge-based thermoelectric system |
| US9006557B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2015-04-14 | Gentherm Incorporated | Systems and methods for reducing current and increasing voltage in thermoelectric systems |
| JP2015524894A (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2015-08-27 | ゲンサーム インコーポレイテッド | High efficiency thermoelectric power generation |
| CN104956539B (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2018-06-12 | 詹思姆公司 | Heat management system based on thermoelectricity |
| US10391831B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2019-08-27 | Hyundai Motor Company | Combined heat exchanger module |
| US10991869B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2021-04-27 | Gentherm Incorporated | Thermoelectric device having a plurality of sealing materials |
| US11152557B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2021-10-19 | Gentherm Incorporated | Thermoelectric module with integrated printed circuit board |
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| US3236056A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-02-22 | Edward L Phillips | Apparatus for cooling automobiles and the like |
| US4494380A (en) * | 1984-04-19 | 1985-01-22 | Bilan, Inc. | Thermoelectric cooling device and gas analyzer |
| US4829771A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-05-16 | Koslow Technologies Corporation | Thermoelectric cooling device |
| GB2267338A (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1993-12-01 | Chang Pen Yen | Thermoelectric air conditioning |
-
1996
- 1996-12-16 EE EE9800184A patent/EE9800184A/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 EP EP96942266A patent/EP0863816A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-16 HU HU9901660A patent/HUP9901660A2/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 TR TR1998/01166T patent/TR199801166T2/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 JP JP9522431A patent/JP2000502174A/en active Pending
- 1996-12-16 KR KR1019980704355A patent/KR20000064376A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-16 AU AU11385/97A patent/AU699295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-16 CA CA002240525A patent/CA2240525A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-16 SK SK827-98A patent/SK82798A3/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 BR BR9612035-5A patent/BR9612035A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-12-16 WO PCT/DK1996/000531 patent/WO1997022486A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-16 SI SI9620134A patent/SI9620134A/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 NZ NZ324269A patent/NZ324269A/en active IP Right Revival
- 1996-12-16 IL IL12489696A patent/IL124896A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1138597A (en) | 1997-07-14 |
| NZ324269A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| TR199801166T2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
| SK82798A3 (en) | 1999-01-11 |
| IL124896A0 (en) | 1999-01-26 |
| AU699295B2 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
| WO1997022486A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| KR20000064376A (en) | 2000-11-06 |
| BR9612035A (en) | 1999-12-28 |
| IL124896A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
| JP2000502174A (en) | 2000-02-22 |
| EP0863816A1 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| SI9620134A (en) | 1998-12-31 |
| HUP9901660A2 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
| EE9800184A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |