SI9620134A - A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system - Google Patents
A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- SI9620134A SI9620134A SI9620134A SI9620134A SI9620134A SI 9620134 A SI9620134 A SI 9620134A SI 9620134 A SI9620134 A SI 9620134A SI 9620134 A SI9620134 A SI 9620134A SI 9620134 A SI9620134 A SI 9620134A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0042—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater characterised by the application of thermo-electric units or the Peltier effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
Abstract
Description
CLIMCON A/SCLIMCON A / S
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava za sistem za kondicioniranje zrakaA heat exchanger for the air conditioning system
Predloženi izum se nanaša na toploto izmenjujočo pripravo za sistem za kondicioniranje zraka, predvsem za kondicioniranje zraka v kabinah motornih vozil ali drugih vozil.The present invention relates to a heat exchange device for an air conditioning system, in particular for air conditioning in the cabs of motor vehicles or other vehicles.
Sistemi za kondicioniranje zraka za vozila, obsegajoči termoelektrične hladilne enote, so opisani v patentu US 3.236.056 in v objavljeni švedski patentni prijavi štev. 8704395. Sistemi za kondicioniranje zraka, ki so opisani v teh dokumentih, obsegajo eno ali več termoelektričnih enot, ki so stisnjene med ravne cevi z vodo, ki imajo pravokoten prerez in tvorijo tokokroge za prenos toplote.Vehicle air conditioning systems comprising thermoelectric refrigeration units are described in U.S. Patent No. 3,236,056 and in Swedish Patent Application Publication no. 8704395. The air-conditioning systems described in these documents comprise one or more thermoelectric units, which are compressed between straight water pipes having a rectangular cross section and forming circuits for heat transfer.
Znani sistemi za kondicioniranje zraka imajo sorazmerno majhno hladilno zmogljivost in to je lahko razlog, zakaj dokumenti molčijo o izvoru električne energije, ki jo je treba dovajati termoelektričnim enotam v sistemu. Ta energijski izvor je očitno po predpostavki običajna baterija in sistem za dovajanje elektrike, ki je že na razpolago v obstoječih standardnih vozilih in v katerih je treba vgraditi sistem za kondicioniranje zraka.Known air-conditioning systems have relatively low cooling capacity and this may be why the documents are silent on the source of electricity to be supplied to the thermoelectric units in the system. This energy source is obviously assumed to be a conventional battery and power supply system already available in existing standard vehicles and in which an air conditioning system must be installed.
Predmet predloženega izuma je zagotoviti toploto izmenjujočo pripravo za sistem za kondicioniranje zraka zgoraj opisane vrste, s katero se lahko zmogljivost in/ali učinkovitost sistema za kondicioniranje zraka bistveno poveča.It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchange device for an air conditioning system of the type described above, with which the capacity and / or efficiency of an air conditioning system can be substantially increased.
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava po predloženem izumu obsega prve in druge toploto izmenjujoče element, ki določajo ločene prve in druge pretočne kanale v njih za toploto prenašajoče sredstvo, in termoelektrične enote, kot so tako imenovani Peltierjevi elementi, ki so nameščeni med njimi in imajo nasprotni grelno in hladilno površino v toplotno prevodnem stiku s prvimi oziroma drugimi toploto izmenjujočimi elementi in je toploto izmenjujoča priprava po izumu značilna po tem, da je množica termoelektričnih enot, ki so nameščene druga ob drugi, stisnjena med toploto izmenjujočimi elementi in da vsak toploto izmenjujoči element opredeljuje zaviti prehod toka v njem in ima dolžino, ki je enaka nekajkratniku največje razsežnosti toploto izmenjujočega elementa, ali množico drug ob drugem raztezajoči se ločenih tokovnih prehodov, od katerih vsak ima majhno površino prereza.The heat exchange device according to the present invention comprises first and second heat exchange elements that define separate first and second flow channels therein for the heat transfer medium and thermoelectric units, such as so-called Peltier elements, which are arranged between them and have opposite heating and a cooling surface in thermal conductive contact with the first or second heat exchange elements and the heat exchange device according to the invention is characterized in that a plurality of thermoelectric units arranged side by side is sandwiched between the heat exchange elements and that each heat exchange element defines a wrap the passage of a stream therein, and having a length equal to a few times the maximum dimension of the heat of the exchange element, or a plurality of side-by-side stretching separate stream crossings, each having a small cross-sectional area.
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava po izumu lahko zagotavlja učinkovito hlajenje vročih strani termoelektričnih enot in učinkovito gretje hladnih strani teh enot, s čimer se lahko poveča skupna toplotna učinkovitost sistema za kondicioniranje zraka. Nadalje se zmogljivost sistema za kondicioniranje zraka lahko prilagodi željeni zmogljivosti, s tem da se uporablja primemo število termoelektričnih enot in dimenzionira toploto izmenjujoča priprava na ustrezen način.The heat exchange device according to the invention can provide efficient cooling of the hot sides of the thermoelectric units and efficient heating of the cold sides of these units, thereby increasing the overall thermal efficiency of the air conditioning system. Furthermore, the performance of the air conditioning system can be adjusted to the desired performance by utilizing a suitable number of thermoelectric units and sizing the heat exchanger in an appropriate manner.
Pretočni prehodi, ki so izoblikovani v vsakem od toploto izmenjujočih elementov, lahko obsegajo dva ali več zavitih drug ob drugem potekajočih pretočnih prehodov ali množico v bistvu ravnih tokovnih prehodov, ki se raztezajo v vzdolžni smeri toplotnega izmenjevalnika. Vsak toploto izmenjujoči element lahko naprimer opredeljuje enega ali več ločenih zavitih pretočnih prehodov, ki pokrivajo v bistvu ploskev, ki je v dotiku s termoelektričnimi enotami, ali množico ločenih priležnih tokovnih prehodov, ki se raztezajo v vzdolžni smeri toploto izmenjujočega elementa. Da se dobi v bistvu isti učinek, mora biti celotna ploskev prereza ali ploskve pretočnega prehoda ali prehodov v bistvu enaka v vsakem primeru.Flow passages formed in each of the heat exchanger elements may comprise two or more side-by-side flow passages or a plurality of substantially straight flow passages extending longitudinally in the direction of the heat exchanger. Each heat exchanger element may, for example, identify one or more separate curved flow passages covering substantially a surface in contact with thermoelectric units, or a plurality of separate adjacent flow passages extending longitudinally to the heat of the exchange element. In order to obtain essentially the same effect, the entire cross-sectional area or surfaces of the flow passage or passageways must be essentially the same in each case.
TermoelektriČne enote so lahko na primer takšne, kot jih prodaja Marlow Industries Inc., na primer model SP 1996.For example, thermoelectric units may be those sold by Marlow Industries Inc., such as the SP 1996 model.
V bistvu ima lahko toploto izmenjujoča priprava katerokoli primemo obliko, ki omogoča, da se izbrano število termoelektričnih enot stisne med toploto izmenjujoče elemente. V prednostnem izvedbenem primem pa ima toploto izmenjujoči element plosko, bloku podobno obliko, tako da omogoča, da se vključi največje število termoelektričnih enot v toploto izmenjujočo pripravo glede na skupno prostornino te priprave.In essence, the heat exchanger can have any suitable shape that allows the selected number of thermoelectric units to be compressed between the heat exchanger elements. In a preferred embodiment, however, the heat-exchange element has a flat, block-like shape, allowing the maximum number of thermoelectric units to be included in the heat-exchange device with respect to the total volume of that device.
Toploto izmenjujoči elementi imajo lahko primemo obliko v tlorisu. Vendar pa je vsak toploto izmenjujoči element prednostno podolgovat in naj bo na primer pravokotniški. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da se učinkovitost toplotnega izmenjevalnika izboljša, ko največja vzdolžna dimenzija vsakega elementa in posledično toploto izmenjujoče priprave v bistvu preseže največjo prečno razsežnostjo elementa ali priprave. Tako je lahko dolžina približno dvakratnik prečne razsežnosti ali širine ali več.The heat exchanging elements can take the form of a floor plan. However, each heat exchanger element is preferably elongated and, for example, should be rectangular. It has been found that the efficiency of the heat exchanger improves when the maximum longitudinal dimension of each element and, consequently, the heat of the exchange device substantially exceeds the maximum transverse dimension of the element or device. Thus, the length can be about twice the transverse dimension or width or more.
Najboljša učinkovitost ali koristni učinek toploto izmenjujoče priprave se doseže, ko je ploskev prereza pretočnega prehoda ali pretočnih prehodov - kadar vsak toploto izmenjujoči element opredeljuje dva ali več ločenih, drug ob drugem raztezajočih se prehodov - in ploskev elementa, ki je v dotiku s termoelektričnimi enotami ali Peltierjevimi elementi, med 0,4 x 10‘3 in 0,2 in prednostno med 1 χ 10'3 in 40 χ 10'3.The best efficiency or beneficial effect of the heat exchanger is achieved when the cross-sectional area of the flow passage or flow crossings - when each heat exchange element defines two or more separate, side-by-side transitions - and the surface of the element in contact with the thermoelectric units or Peltier elements, between 0.4 x 10 ' 3 and 0.2, and preferably between 1 x 10' 3 and 40 x 10 ' 3 .
V sedaj prednostnem izvedbenem primeru je omenjeno razmerje med 2,5 x 10‘3 inIn the presently preferred embodiment, the ratio is 2.5 x 10 ' 3 in
7,5 x 10‘3.7.5 x 10 ' 3 .
Zaviti pretočni prehod je lahko na primer izdelan v vzorcu kovine v obliki bloka z vrtanjem in mašenjem nekaterih izmed odprtih koncev izvrtanih prehodov. Prednostno pa je pretočni prehod v vsaj enem izmed omenjenih prvih in drugih toploto izmenjujočih elementov je kanal ali izdolbina, ki je izoblikovana v stranski površini elementa. Stranska površina, v kateri je izveden kanal ali vdolbina, je lahko nato pokrita ali zaprta na katerikoli primeren način, na primer s filmom ali folijo, tako da tvori zavit pretočni prehod. Ravni pretočni prehodi so lahko izvedeni na enak način ali z ekstrudiranjem toploto izmenjujočega elementa.For example, a curved flow passage may be made in a block pattern of metal by drilling and greasing some of the open ends of the drilled passages. Preferably, the flow passage in at least one of said first and second heat exchange elements is a channel or a recess formed in the side surface of the element. The lateral surface in which the duct or recess is made may then be covered or closed in any suitable manner, such as film or foil, to form a curved flow passage. Flat flow passages can be made in the same way or by extruding the heat of the exchange element.
V prednostnem izvedbenem primeru sta tako prvi kot tudi drugi pretočni prehod kanala ali vdolbini, ki sta izoblikovani v nasprotnih, priležnih površinah prvega in drugega toploto izmenjujočega elementa. Kanal ali vdolbina v vsakem toploto izmenjujočem elementu je lahko nato pokrit s pokrovno ploščo ali folijo, ki se tesneče prilega elementu vsaj vzdolž obrisa elementa. Plošči podobna termoelektrična enota ali Peltierjev element je lahko nato nameščen med pokrovnima ploščama prvega in drugega toploto izmenjujočega elementa, na primer s pomočjo toplotnoprevodne paste ali lepila. Alternativno ali dodatno so lahko toploto izmenjujoči elementi speti skupaj s sprostljivimi mehanskimi spenjalnimi sredstvi, kot so vijaki ali somiki, s čimer se lahko prilagodi najboljši specifični stični pritisk med toploto izmenjujočimi elementi in termoelektričnimi enotami, ki so stisnjene med njimi.In a preferred embodiment, both the first and second flow passageways of the channel or recesses are formed in opposite, adjacent surfaces of the first and second heat exchanging elements. The duct or recess in each heat exchanger element may then be covered with a cover plate or foil that seals tightly against the element at least along the outline of the element. The plate-like thermoelectric unit or Peltier element may then be placed between the cover plates of the first and second heat exchanger elements, for example by means of a heat-conducting paste or adhesive. Alternatively or additionally, the heat exchangers may be coupled together with releasable mechanical couplings such as screws or straps to accommodate the best specific contact pressure between the heat exchangers and the thermoelectric units sandwiched between them.
Zaviti tokovni prehodi, ki so opredeljeni v toploto izmenjujočih elementih, imajo lahko poljubno željeno obliko, ki zagotavlja dober prenos toplote med toploto prenašajočim sredstvom, običajno vodo ali vodo vsebujočo tekočino, ki se pretaka po pretočnih prehodih in priležnih stranskih površinah termoelektričnih enot. Vendar pa prednostno vsaj eden od prvih in drugih pretočnih prehodov opredeljuje enega ali več meandrsko oblikovanih vzorcev, za katere se je ugotovilo, da so posebno učinkoviti.Winding current transitions defined in the heat exchanging elements may have any desired shape that provides good heat transfer between the heat transfer medium, ordinary water or water-containing fluid flowing through the flow passages and adjacent lateral surfaces of the thermoelectric units. However, preferably at least one of the first and second flow passages identifies one or more meander-shaped patterns that have been found to be particularly effective.
Vsak izmed pretočnih prehodov, ki so opredeljeni s toploto izmenjujočimi elementi, ima vhod in. izhod, ki je lahko nameščen na kateremkoli položaju elementa. Prednostno ima vsak izmed toploto izmenjujočih elementov vhod kot tudi izhod, ki sta nameščena na istem koncu. Tako ima lahko prvi toploto izmenjujoči element svoj vhod in izhod nameščen na enem koncu, medtem ko ima prvi element lahko svoj vhod in izhod nameščen na nasprotnem koncu kot toploto izmenjujoča priprava. V takšnem primeru mora biti vsak izmed tokokrogov sistema za kondicioniranje za toploto prenašajoče sredstvo priključen na vsaj en konec toploto izmenjujoče priprave.Each of the flow passages defined by the heat exchange elements has an inlet and. an output that can be positioned at any element position. Preferably, each of the heat exchange elements has an inlet as well as an outlet located at the same end. Thus, the first heat exchanger element may have its inlet and outlet positioned at one end, while the first element may have its inlet and outlet positioned at the opposite end as a heat exchanger device. In such a case, each of the circuits of the heat transfer system must be connected to at least one end of the heat exchanger.
Vsak izmed toploto izmenjujočih elementov ima lahko v bistvu pravokotniško obliko in tokovni prehod, ki je opredeljen v vsakem elementu, lahko nato obsega prečno raztezajoči se meandrsko izoblikovan odsek s pretočnim prehodom na vsakem koncu toploto izmenjujočega elementa, kije medsebojno povezan z vzdolžno raztezujočim se meandrsko izoblikovanim odsekom pretočnih prehodov. Ta vzorec pretočnih prehodov se je izkazal kot posebno učinkovit.Each of the heat-exchange elements may have a substantially rectangular shape and the flow passage defined in each element may then comprise a transversely extending meander-shaped section with a flow passage at each end of the heat-exchange element interconnected with a longitudinally expanding meander the section of flow passages. This pattern of flow crossings has proven particularly effective.
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava po izumu je lahko izvedena v poljubni željeni velikosti in obliki, tako da je lahko poljubno željeno število termoelektričnih enot aliThe heat exchange device according to the invention may be provided in any desired size and shape so that any number of thermoelectric units may be desired or
Peltierjevih elementov stisnjeno med toploto izmenjujoče elemente. Poljubna željena hladilna zmogljivost sistema za kondicioniranje zraka, vključno s toplotnim izmenjevalnikom, se torej lahko doseže.Peltier elements sandwiched between heat exchange elements. Any desired cooling capacity of the air conditioning system, including the heat exchanger, can therefore be achieved.
Ko toploto izmenjujoča priprava obsega množico termoelektričnih enot ali Peltierjevih elementov, so te termoelektrične enote prednostno razdeljene v nekaj skupin, pri čemer so termoelektrične enote vsake skupine električno povezane zaporedno in so skupine termoelektričnih enot medsebojno električno povezane vzporedno. Ta razmestitev ima prednost v tem, da v primeru termoelektrične enote, ki se pokvari in pripada eni izmed skupin, izpade le tista skupina, kateri pripada ta enota.When the heat exchange device comprises a plurality of thermoelectric units or Peltier elements, these thermoelectric units are preferably divided into several groups, the thermoelectric units of each group being electrically connected in series and the groups of thermoelectric units being electrically connected in parallel. This arrangement has the advantage that in the case of a thermoelectric unit that breaks down and belongs to one group, only the group to which that unit belongs falls out.
Čeprav je termoelektrična učinkovitost sistema za kondicioniranje zraka, vključujočega toploto izmenjujočo pripravo, po izumu zelo visoka, standarden električni napajalni sistem v standardnem vozilu običajno ne zadošča za dovajanje električne energije tudi termoelektričnim enotam v toploto izmenjujoči pripravi v primerih, ko se zahteva dobra hladilna zmogljivost. Zato se električna energija lahko dovaja termoelektričnim enotam toploto izmenjujoče priprave iz ločenega električnega napajalnega sistema, ki vključuje tokovni generator, ki ga poganja motor vozila, ki se zračno kondicionira.Although the thermoelectric efficiency of an air conditioning system incorporating a heat exchanger is very high according to the invention, a standard electric power supply in a standard vehicle is usually not sufficient to supply thermoelectric units to the heat exchanger in cases where good cooling capacity is required. Therefore, electricity can be supplied to the thermoelectric units by the heat exchanger from a separate electrical supply system that includes a current generator powered by the engine of an air-conditioned vehicle.
Da se doseže največja učinkovitost termoelektričnih enot, mora zmogljivost toplotnega prenašanja tekočine, ki teče v pretočnem prehodu, ki leži ob toplih straneh termoelektričnih enot bistveno presegati zmogljivost toplotnega prenašanja sredstva, ki teče v pretočnem prehodu, ki leži ob hladni strani termoelektričnih enot. To se lahko na primer doseže s toploto izmenjujočo pripravo, ki je izvedena s tremi superponirami toploto izmenjujočimi elementi, pri čemer so pretočni prehodi, ki so izoblikovani v zunanjih elementih, med seboj povezani. Termoelektrične enote so lahko zatem nameščene med notranjim toploto izmenjujočim elementom in katerimkoli izmed zunanjih elementov, tako da so tople stranice termoelektričnih enot v dotiku z zunanjimi elementi, medtem ko so hladne strani v dotiku z notranjim toploto izmenjujočim elementom. V prednostnem izvedbenem primeru pa toploto izmenjujoča priprava obsega le par toploto izmenjujočih elementov in dolžina pretočnega prehoda, ki leži ob toplih straneh termoelektričnih enot, je lahko zatem daljša od tiste pri pretočnih prehodih, ki ležijo ob hladni strani termoelektričnih enot.In order to maximize the efficiency of thermoelectric units, the thermal transfer capacity of the fluid flowing in the flow passage lying along the warm sides of the thermoelectric units must substantially exceed the heat transfer capacity of the flowing fluid flowing along the cold side of the thermoelectric units. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a heat exchange device, which is made with three superpowered heat exchange elements, with the flow passages formed in the outer elements interconnected. The thermoelectric units may then be positioned between the internal heat exchanger element and any of the external elements so that the warm sides of the thermoelectric units are in contact with the external elements while the cold sides are in contact with the internal heat exchanger element. In a preferred embodiment, however, the heat exchange device comprises only a pair of heat exchange elements and the length of the flow passage adjacent to the warm sides of the thermoelectric units may thereafter be longer than that of the flow transitions lying along the cold side of the thermoelectric units.
Toploto izmenjujoči elementi naj bodo izdelani iz materiala z dobro toplotno prevodnostjo. Tako so prvi in drugi toploto izmenjujoči elementi prednostno izdelani iz aluminija, bakra in/ali njunih zlitin.Heat-exchange elements should be made of a material with good thermal conductivity. Thus, the first and second heat exchange elements are preferably made of aluminum, copper and / or their alloys.
Predloženi izum nadalje zagotavlja sistem za kondicioniranja zraka v prostoru, kot je kabina vozila, pri čemer tak sistem obsega toploto izmenjujočo pripravo po izumu, kot je bil opisana zgoraj, pri čemer so prvi in drugi prehodi toploto izmenjujoče priprave vključeni v prvi oziroma drugi tekočinski tokokrog, pri čemer vsak tekočinski tokokrog vključuje radiator in sredstvo za cirkuliranje tekočine skozenj. Eden izmed teh radiatorjev je lahko nameščen znotraj in je eden nameščen izven prostora, v katerem je treba kondicionirati zrak. Ko se sistem za kondicioniranje zraka uporablja za kondicioniranje zraka v kabini vozila, lahko eden izmed tekočinskih tokokrogov vključuje del tekočinskega hladilnega sistema motorja z notranjim zgorevanjem za pogon vozila. Radiator v kabini je lahko nato po izboru oskrbovan z vročo vodo od pogonskega motorja ali s hladno vodo od toploto izmenjujoče priprave.The present invention further provides an air conditioning system in a space such as a vehicle cab, such system comprising a heat exchanger according to the invention as described above, wherein the first and second passages of the heat exchanger are included in the first or second fluid circuit , each fluid circuit including a radiator and a means of circulating fluid through it. One of these radiators can be installed inside and one is installed outside the room in which the air is to be conditioned. When an air conditioning system is used to condition the air in a vehicle cab, one of the liquid circuits may include a portion of the liquid cooling system of the internal combustion engine to power the vehicle. The radiator in the cabin can then be optionally supplied with hot water from the drive motor or cold water from the heat exchanger.
Izum bo sedaj nadalje opisan, sklicujoč se na slike, na katerih slika 1 shematično prikazuje sistem za kondicioniranje zraka po izumu za uporabo v vozilu, slika 2 prikazuje pogled z vrha na toploto izmenjujočo pripravo, ki je prikazana v povečanem merilu, slika 3 prikazuje vzdolžen pogled v prerezu vzdolž linije III-ΠΙ, prikazane na sliki 2, slika 4 prikazuje pogled v prečnem prerezu vzdolž IV-IV s slike 2, sliki 5 in 6 prikazujeta tekočinske prehode, ki so izoblikovani v elementih toploto izmenjujoče priprave, kije prikazana na slikah 2 do 4, in slika 7 shematično ponazarja modificirani izvedbeni primer sistema, ki je prikazan na sliki 1.The invention will now be further described with reference to the drawings in which Figure 1 schematically shows an air conditioning system according to the invention for use in a vehicle, Figure 2 shows a top view of a heat exchanger shown in an enlarged scale, Figure 3 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view along line III-ΠΙ shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view along IV-IV of Fig. 2, Figures 5 and 6 show fluid transitions formed in the elements of the heat exchanger shown in Figs. 2 to 4, and Figure 7 schematically illustrates a modified embodiment of the system shown in Figure 1.
Slika 1 shematično ponazarja sistem za kondicioniranje zraka, ki je bil nameščen v standardnem avtomobilu, ki ima pogonski motor 10 z notranjim zgorevanjem. Motor 10 poganja poseben tokovni generator 11, ki dovaja tok električnemu vezju 12, ki obsega vklopno-izklopno stikalo 13, par relejev 14, par varovalk 15 in vžigno ključavnico 16. Sistem za ogrevanjem kabine avtomobila ali vozila obsega zaprti hladilni vodni tokokrog 17, ki vključuje hladilni plašč motorja 10 in radiator 18, ki je nameščen v kabini vozila in ki je povezan s pihalnikom ali ventilatorjem 19. Zrak v kabini vozila se lahko segreva na običajen način, s tem da se krmili ventilator 19 in pretok vroče hladilne vode, ki kroži skozi radiator 18.Figure 1 schematically illustrates an air conditioning system installed in a standard car having an internal combustion engine 10. The motor 10 is powered by a special current generator 11 which supplies current to the electrical circuit 12 comprising an on-off switch 13, a relay pair 14, a fuse pair 15 and a ignition lock 16. The car or vehicle cab heating system comprises a closed cooling water circuit 17 which includes the engine cooling jacket 10 and the radiator 18 located in the cab of the vehicle and connected to the blower or fan 19. The air in the cab of the vehicle can be heated as usual by controlling the fan 19 and the hot cooling water flow which circulates through radiator 18.
Drugi vodni tokokrog 20 za hlajeno vodo obsega vodno črpalko 21 in magnetni ventil 22 in je priključen na del vodnega tokokroga 17, tako da vključuje kabinski radiatorThe second cooled water circuit 20 comprises a water pump 21 and a solenoid valve 22 and is connected to a portion of the water circuit 17 so as to include a cabin radiator
18. Drugi vodni tokokrog 20 lahko vključuje hladen pretočni prehod toploto izmenjujoče priprave 23, kar je ponazorjeno na slikah 2 do 6 in je nadalje opisano spodaj.18. The second water circuit 20 may include a cold flow passage heat exchanger 23, which is illustrated in Figures 2 to 6 and is further described below.
Sistem za kondicioniranje zraka, ki je prikazan na sliki 1, nadalje obsega tretji zaprti tekočinski tokokrog 24, ki obsega vroč pretočni prehod toploto izmenjujoče priprave 23, obtočno črpalko 25, radiator 26, ki je nameščen izven kabine vozila in ima pridružen pihalnik ali ventilator 27, in tekočinsko raztezno posodo 28. Kabinski radiator 18 je lahko odklopljen od vodnega plašča motorja 10 s pomočjo magnetnega ventila 29.The air conditioning system shown in Figure 1 further comprises a third closed fluid circuit 24 comprising a hot flow passage heat exchanger 23, a circulation pump 25, a radiator 26 located outside the vehicle cab and having an associated blower or fan 27 , and a fluid expansion vessel 28. The cabin radiator 18 may be detached from the water jacket of the motor 10 by means of a solenoid valve 29.
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava 23 bo sedaj podrobneje opisana. Priprava 23 obsega par ploščastih elementov 30 in 31, ki so izdelani iz kovine, na primer iz aluminija. Zaviti kanal ali vdolbina 32 in 33 sta izvedena v stranski površini vsakega izmed elementov 30 oziroma 31. Kanal 32 je izveden v elementu 30 in obsega meandrsko izoblikovan kanalni odsek 34, ki je nameščen ob enem koncu v bistvu pravokotnega elementa 30, ustrezen meandrsko izoblikovan kanalski odsek 35 je nameščen pri nasprotnem koncu elementa, in povezujoč, vzdolžno raztezajoč se meandrsko izoblikovan kanalni odsekThe heat exchange device 23 will now be described in more detail. The device 23 comprises a pair of plate elements 30 and 31 which are made of metal, for example aluminum. The curved duct or recess 32 and 33 are made in the lateral surface of each of the elements 30 and 31. The duct 32 is made in the element 30 and comprises a meander-shaped channel section 34 which is located at one end of the substantially rectangular element 30, a corresponding meander-shaped duct section 35 is located at the opposite end of the element, and a connecting, longitudinally extending meander-shaped channel section
36. Končni kanalni odsek 35 je povezan s tekočinskim vhodom 37 in končni kanalni odsek 34 je povezan s tekočinskim izhodom 38 preko vzdolžno raztezajočega se ravnega kanalnega odseka 39. Skoznje luknje 40 so nameščene v obodu elementa 30 in skoznje luknje 41 so nameščene v središčni liniji elementa. Obodna vdolbina 42 za sprejem tesnilnega obroča ali tesnilne plošče je izoblikovana izven kanalnih odsekov do 36 in 39.36. The end duct 35 is connected to the fluid inlet 37 and the end duct 34 is connected to the fluid outlet 38 via a longitudinally extending straight duct 39. Through holes 40 are located in the circumference of the element 30 and through holes 41 are located in the center line element. The circumferential recess 42 for receiving the sealing ring or sealing plate is formed outside the duct sections up to 36 and 39.
Razen tega, daje celotna dolžina kanala 33 v ploščastem elementu 31 v bistvu večja od celotne dolžine kanala 32 v elementu 30, sta si elementa 30 in 31 podobna. Zato so referenčne številke, ki se uporabljajo na sliki 6, iste kot tiste na sliki 5. Je pa bila referenčnim oznakam na sliki 6 dodana črtica.In addition, since the total length of the channel 33 in the plate element 31 is substantially greater than the total length of the channel 32 in the element 30, the elements 30 and 31 are similar. Therefore, the reference numbers used in Figure 6 are the same as those in Figure 5. However, a dash has been added to the references in Figure 6.
Kanali in vdolbine 32 in 33 v vsakem od ploščastih elementov 30 oziroma 31 so pokriti s tanko, toplotoprevajajočo krovno ploščo 43 oziroma 44 in vsaka izmed krovnih plošč je v tesnečem oprijemu s tesnilno ploščo ali tesnilnim obročem, ki je nameščen v tesnilnih utorih 42 oziroma 42'. Kot je prikazano na slikah 3 in 4, je razporeditev množice ploščastih Peltierjevih elementov 45 stisnjena med pokrovni plošči 43 in 44, tako da v bistvu pokriva celotno področje znotraj tesnilnega utora 42. Elementi 30 in 31 s svojima pokrovnima ploščama 43 in 44 in s Peltierjevimi elementi 45 so nameščeni vmes in speti skupaj s pomočjo somikov 46 ali podobnih pritrdilnih sredstev, ki se raztezajo skozi pokrivajoče se luknje ali izvrtine 40, 40' in 41, 4Γ.The grooves and recesses 32 and 33 in each of the plate members 30 and 31 are covered by a thin, heat-conducting roof plate 43 and 44, respectively, and each of the deck plates is sealed by a sealing plate or a sealing ring housed in the sealing grooves 42 and 42, respectively. '. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the arrangement of the plurality of Peltier plate elements 45 is compressed between the cover plates 43 and 44 so that it essentially covers the entire area within the sealing groove 42. The elements 30 and 31 with their cover plates 43 and 44 and with Peltier the elements 45 are positioned in between and fastened together by means of catches 46 or similar fasteners extending through the covering holes or bores 40, 40 'and 41, 4Γ.
Peltierjevi elementi so prednostno te vrste, kot jih prodaja Marlow Industries Inc., model SP 1996. Toploto izmenjujoča priprava lahko na primer vključuje 12 Peltierjevih elementov, ki so lahko razdeljeni v šest skupin, pri čemer vsaka vključuje par elementov, ki so vezani zaporedno. Vsaka izmed šest skupin Peltierjevih elementov je lahko medsebojno vzporedna priključena na tokovno napajalno vezje 12, tako daje ploščasti element 30 nameščen na hladilni strani Peltierjevih elementov 45, medtem ko je ploščasti element 31 nameščen na grelni strani Peltierjevih elementov.Peltier elements are preferably of the same type as those sold by Marlow Industries Inc., model SP 1996. For example, a heat exchange device may include 12 Peltier elements, which can be divided into six groups, each including a pair of elements that are sequentially coupled. Each of the six groups of Peltier elements can be connected in parallel to the power supply circuit 12 so that the plate element 30 is mounted on the cooling side of the Peltier elements 45, while the plate element 31 is mounted on the heating side of the Peltier elements.
Meandrsko oblikovani kanali ali vdolbine 32 in 33 so prikazani na slikah 5 in 6 in so lahko nadomeščeni z množico ravnih, v bistvu vzporednih ločenih kanalov ali vdolbin, ki se raztezajo v vzdolžni smeri vsakega izmed elementov. V takšnem primeru je ploskev prereza vsakega kanala ali vdolbine, kot je prikazana na sliki 4, bistveno manjša. Ko so kanali ali vdolbine ravni, je vsak element 30 in 31 in ustrezna pokrovna plošča 43 ali 44 lahko izoblikovan z ekstrudiranjem iz pripadajočega dela.The meander-shaped channels or recesses 32 and 33 are shown in Figures 5 and 6 and can be replaced by a plurality of straight, essentially parallel, separate channels or recesses extending along the longitudinal direction of each element. In such a case, the cross-sectional area of each channel or well, as shown in Figure 4, is significantly smaller. When the ducts or recesses are straight, each element 30 and 31 and the corresponding cover plate 43 or 44 may be formed by extruding from the associated portion.
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava 23 je prednostno toplotno izolirana in podprta s sredstvi za blaženje udarcev. Toplotnoizolirajoča sredstva so lahko na primer iz penaste plastike, ki deluje tudi kot blažilnik udarcev.The heat exchanger 23 is preferably thermally insulated and supported by shock absorbers. For example, heat-insulating agents may be foam plastic, which also acts as a shock absorber.
Sistem za kondicioniranje zraka, ki je prikazan na sliki 1, deluje na naslednji način. Ko je vklopno-izklopno stikalo 13 v svojem izključenem položaju, so magnetni ventili 29 na široko odprti, medtem ko je ventil 22 zaprt. V tem stanju kabinski radiator 18 in pihalnik 19 lahko ogrevata zrak v kabini vozila na običajen način.The air conditioning system shown in Figure 1 works as follows. When the on / off switch 13 is in its off position, the solenoid valves 29 are wide open while the valve 22 is closed. In this state, the cabin radiator 18 and the blower 19 can heat the air in the vehicle cab in the usual manner.
Ko se stikalo 13 premakne v svoj vklopljeni položaj, so ventili 29 zaprti, medtem ko je ventil 22 odprt in električni tok se dovaja Peltierjevim elementom 45 toploto izmenjujoče priprave 23, črpalkama 21 in 25 in ventilatorju 27. Voda v drugem vodnem tokokrogu 20 bo sedaj poganjana skozi pretočni prehod, ki je opredeljen s kanalom 32 v toploto izmenjujoči pripravi 23, s čimer se bo voda učinkovito hladila s Peltierjevimi elementi 45 na sam po sebi znan način. Skozi kabinski radiator 18 pretakajoča se hladna voda bo sedaj hladila zrak v kabini, ki se ga v kabini pusti krožiti s pomočjo pihalnika 19. Hkrati bo topla stran Peltierjevih elementov 45 hlajena z vodo ali drugo tekočino, ki kroži v tretjem vodnem tokokrogu 24, ki vključuje kanal 33 toploto izmenjujoče priprave 23 in sicer s pomočjo Črpalke 25. Toplota, ki se odstranjuje toploto izmenjujoči pripravi 23, se odda zunanjemu zraku preko zunanjega radiatorja 26.When switch 13 is moved to its on position, the valves 29 are closed while the valve 22 is open and the current is supplied to the Peltier elements 45 by the heat exchanger 23, the pumps 21 and 25, and the fan 27. The water in the second water circuit 20 will now be driven through a flow passage defined by channel 32 into a heat exchange device 23, thereby effectively cooling the water with Peltier elements 45 in a manner known per se. Cold water flowing through the cabin radiator 18 will now cool the air in the cabin, which is allowed to circulate in the cabin by means of a blower 19. At the same time, the warm side of the Peltier elements 45 will be cooled by water or other fluid circulating in the third water circuit 24, which includes channel 33 the heat exchanger 23 by means of Pump 25. The heat removed by the heat exchanger 23 is discharged to outside air via an external radiator 26.
V sistemu za kondicioniranje zraka, kije prikazan na sliki 7, so deli podobni tistim, ki so prikazani na sliki 1, označeni z istimi referenčnimi oznakami.In the air conditioning system shown in Figure 7, parts similar to those shown in Figure 1 are marked with the same reference marks.
V izvedbenem primeru, ki je prikazan na sliki 7, je drugi vodni tokokrog izveden neodvisno od tokokroga 17 hladilne vode in obsega poseben radiator 47, ki je nameščen nasproti pihalniku 19, in tekočinsko raztezno posodo 48. Delovanje različnih električnih priprav sistema nadalje krmili električna krmilna enota 49.In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the second water circuit is made independently of the cooling water circuit 17 and comprises a special radiator 47 located opposite the blower 19 and a fluid expansion vessel 48. The operation of the various electrical arrangements of the system is further controlled by the electrical controls unit 49.
Ugodno je, da je lahko sistem za kondicioniranje zraka, ki je prikazan na sliki 7, instaliran v vozilu, ne da bi motil obstoječi električni in hladilni sistem vozila.It is advantageous that the air conditioning system shown in Figure 7 can be installed in the vehicle without disturbing the existing electrical and cooling system of the vehicle.
Izvedbeni primerAn implementation example
Toploto izmenjujoča priprava, kot je prikazana na slikah 2-6, ima dolžino 330 mm, širino 152 mm in celotno debelino 51 mm. Razsežnosti prereza kanala 32 v ploščastem elementu 30 sta 9 x 14 mm, medtem ko sta razsežnosti prereza kanala 33 v ploščastem členu 31 6 x 14 mm. Toploto izmenjujoča priprava obsega dvanajst Peltierjevih elementov modela SP 1996 od Marlow Industries Inc. Ti elementi so razdeljeni v šest parov, ki so medsebojno povezani vzporedno, medtem ko je vsak par vezan zaporedno.The heat exchange device, as shown in Figures 2-6, has a length of 330 mm, a width of 152 mm and a total thickness of 51 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions of the duct 32 in the plate member 30 are 9 x 14 mm, while the cross-sectional dimensions of the duct 33 in the plate member 31 are 6 x 14 mm. The heat exchange assembly comprises twelve Peltier elements of the 1996 SP SP from Marlow Industries Inc. These elements are divided into six pairs that are connected in parallel, while each pair is connected in series.
Med ohlajanjem od temperature v kabini, ki je bistveno nad temperaturo okolice, priprava deluje pri enosmernem električnem toku 42,1 A pri napetosti 27,2 V, ki se dovaja Peltierjevim elementom. Tako je poraba moči 1145 W/h. Voda ali vodo vsebujoči glikol kroži v vezjih 20 in 24 in skozi povezane kanale ali vdolbine 32, 33 toploto izmenjujoče priprave. Pretok skozi kanale 32 na hladni strani Peltierjevih elementov je 6 1/min pri tlaku 0,6-0,8 bar. Hladilna moč v kabini s pomočjo radiatorja 18 ustreza 1000 W.During the cooling from the cabin temperature, which is significantly above ambient temperature, the device operates at a direct current of 42.1 A at a voltage of 27.2 V supplied to the Peltier elements. Thus, the power consumption is 1145 W / h. Water or water-containing glycol circulates in circuits 20 and 24 and through the connected channels or recesses 32, 33 of the heat exchange device. The flow through channels 32 on the cold side of the Peltier elements is 6 1 / min at a pressure of 0.6-0.8 bar. The cooling power in the cabin with radiator 18 corresponds to 1000 W.
Tekočina se poganja skozi tekočinski tokokrog 24, ki vključuje kanale 33, s pomočjo črpalke 25 pri pretoku 6 1/min pri tlaku 0,6-0,8 bar.The fluid is driven through a fluid circuit 24 including channels 33 by means of a pump 25 at a flow rate of 6 1 / min at a pressure of 0.6-0.8 bar.
Koristni učinek sistema se lahko izračuna takole:The useful effect of the system can be calculated as follows:
ΙΟΟΟίΤχΙΟΟΙΟΟΟίΤχΙΟΟ
1145ΡΓ = 87,4%1145ΡΓ = 87.4%
Claims (20)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK142795 | 1995-12-15 | ||
| PCT/DK1996/000531 WO1997022486A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1996-12-16 | A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SI9620134A true SI9620134A (en) | 1998-12-31 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| SI9620134A SI9620134A (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1996-12-16 | A heat exchanger device for an air conditioning system |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0863816A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000502174A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000064376A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU699295B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9612035A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2240525A1 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE9800184A (en) |
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| IL (1) | IL124896A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ324269A (en) |
| SI (1) | SI9620134A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK82798A3 (en) |
| TR (1) | TR199801166T2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997022486A1 (en) |
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- 1996-12-16 TR TR1998/01166T patent/TR199801166T2/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 SK SK827-98A patent/SK82798A3/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 WO PCT/DK1996/000531 patent/WO1997022486A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-16 NZ NZ324269A patent/NZ324269A/en active IP Right Revival
- 1996-12-16 IL IL12489696A patent/IL124896A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-16 CA CA002240525A patent/CA2240525A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-12-16 EP EP96942266A patent/EP0863816A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-16 SI SI9620134A patent/SI9620134A/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 JP JP9522431A patent/JP2000502174A/en active Pending
- 1996-12-16 KR KR1019980704355A patent/KR20000064376A/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-16 HU HU9901660A patent/HUP9901660A2/en unknown
- 1996-12-16 AU AU11385/97A patent/AU699295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-16 BR BR9612035-5A patent/BR9612035A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-12-16 EE EE9800184A patent/EE9800184A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU1138597A (en) | 1997-07-14 |
| EE9800184A (en) | 1998-12-15 |
| BR9612035A (en) | 1999-12-28 |
| NZ324269A (en) | 1999-06-29 |
| TR199801166T2 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
| WO1997022486A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| EP0863816A1 (en) | 1998-09-16 |
| IL124896A0 (en) | 1999-01-26 |
| KR20000064376A (en) | 2000-11-06 |
| SK82798A3 (en) | 1999-01-11 |
| HUP9901660A2 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
| JP2000502174A (en) | 2000-02-22 |
| AU699295B2 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
| CA2240525A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| IL124896A (en) | 2001-03-19 |
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