CA2146327A1 - Cryogenic processing of used tires and the like - Google Patents
Cryogenic processing of used tires and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2146327A1 CA2146327A1 CA002146327A CA2146327A CA2146327A1 CA 2146327 A1 CA2146327 A1 CA 2146327A1 CA 002146327 A CA002146327 A CA 002146327A CA 2146327 A CA2146327 A CA 2146327A CA 2146327 A1 CA2146327 A1 CA 2146327A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rollers
- pinch
- piece
- pieces
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000604 cryogenic transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100328884 Caenorhabditis elegans sqt-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000495 cryogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
- B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
- B02C19/186—Use of cold or heat for disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/10—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by grinding, e.g. by triturating; by sieving; by filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/04—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for used tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B17/0206—Selectively separating reinforcements from matrix material by destroying the interface bound before disintegrating the matrix to particles or powder, e.g. from tires or belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0416—Cooling the plastics before disintegration, e.g. freezing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
- B29B2017/0424—Specific disintegrating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0476—Cutting or tearing members, e.g. spiked or toothed cylinders or intermeshing rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2030/00—Pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Tyre Moulding (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB92/21335.4 | 1992-10-06 | ||
GB9221335A GB9221335D0 (en) | 1992-10-06 | 1992-10-06 | Cryogenic processing of used tires and the like |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2146327A1 true CA2146327A1 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
Family
ID=10723271
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002146327A Abandoned CA2146327A1 (en) | 1992-10-06 | 1993-10-05 | Cryogenic processing of used tires and the like |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN1086165A (en, 2012) |
AU (1) | AU4813593A (en, 2012) |
CA (1) | CA2146327A1 (en, 2012) |
GB (2) | GB9221335D0 (en, 2012) |
TW (1) | TW245677B (en, 2012) |
WO (1) | WO1994007670A2 (en, 2012) |
ZA (1) | ZA937415B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2719239B1 (fr) | 1994-05-02 | 1996-08-23 | Sanzio Agostinelli | Appareil pour le traitement et la récupération de matières caoutchouteuses, du type pneumatique notamment. |
CN1043199C (zh) * | 1995-12-27 | 1999-05-05 | 钱兴勇 | 微细再生橡胶粉的生产方法及设备 |
CN1089057C (zh) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-14 | 曾绍谦 | 气体辅助超低温制造塑胶粉末的方法 |
CZ284889B6 (cs) * | 1998-07-17 | 1999-03-17 | Eduard Gutfreund | Zařízení pro zpracování průmyslového pryžového a plastového odpadu |
RU2157758C1 (ru) * | 1999-08-03 | 2000-10-20 | Ефремов Владимир Сергеевич | Способ переработки полимерных материалов, например, резины и установка для его осуществления |
RU2177408C1 (ru) * | 2000-05-25 | 2001-12-27 | Гурьянов Александр Владимирович | Способ переработки изношенных шин |
FR2830471B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-09 | 2003-12-26 | Frederic Meric | Procede et installation de recuperation des constituants d'un pneumatique hors d'usage |
RU2250135C1 (ru) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-04-20 | Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова (БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова) | Валковый измельчитель с устройством для дезагломерации материала |
DE102007011970A1 (de) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-11 | New View S.L. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kryogenzerkleinern von Schüttgut |
CN101368284B (zh) | 2007-08-15 | 2010-10-06 | 富葵精密组件(深圳)有限公司 | 电镀装置 |
EP2441555B1 (de) | 2010-10-15 | 2013-07-03 | Continental Reifen Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Gummigranulaten oder Gummipulvern |
ITTO20110604A1 (it) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-09 | Air Liquide Italia Service S R L | Impianto perfezionato per la separazione di materiali costitutivi di un nastro composito |
LV14868B (lv) * | 2013-12-06 | 2014-08-20 | Igors Jevmenovs | Metode gumijas devulkanizācijai un katalizators šim nolūkam |
JP6377366B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-08-22 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | タイヤの分別方法 |
DE102014217765A1 (de) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Contitech Transportbandsysteme Gmbh | Verfahren zum Trennen doublierter Platten |
US11491493B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-11-08 | Philip John Milanovich | Waste management system |
US11273580B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-03-15 | Philip John Milanovich | Waste management system |
US11325280B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2022-05-10 | Philip John Milanovich | Waste management system |
US11708135B2 (en) | 2018-05-30 | 2023-07-25 | Philip John Milanovich | Waste management system |
RU186478U1 (ru) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-22 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова" | Вибровалковый измельчитель-активатор |
CN109909042A (zh) * | 2019-02-19 | 2019-06-21 | 重庆水利电力职业技术学院 | 一种计算机硬件存储设备信息销毁装置 |
CN110152853B (zh) * | 2019-04-28 | 2023-12-26 | 湖南金福达电子有限公司 | 铝电解电容器导针废料回收方法及回收装置 |
CN110355907A (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-22 | 徐州托普新材料有限公司 | 一种再生橡胶生产加工设备 |
CN111559030A (zh) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-08-21 | 荆门东方雨虹建筑材料有限公司 | 一种沥青防水卷材涂盖料的回收系统及回收方法 |
CN111688070A (zh) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-22 | 朱涛 | 一种轮胎自动加工研磨粉碎装置 |
CN112536093A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-23 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种冷冻物料破碎的自动化机械设备 |
IT202100004091A1 (it) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-08-22 | Alci Srl | Metodo per asportare le pellicole protettive da tessuti compositi preimpregnati allo stato non curato e relativo dispositivo. |
FI131248B1 (fi) * | 2022-09-23 | 2025-01-08 | Aimo Kortteen Konepaja Oy | Valssimylly ja menetelmä valssimyllyn käyttämiseksi |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE204962C (en, 2012) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
SU1391708A1 (ru) * | 1986-04-22 | 1988-04-30 | Особое конструкторско-технологическое бюро Физико-технического института низких температур АН УССР | Способ разрушени автопокрышек |
US4813614A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1989-03-21 | Moore David R | Method and apparatus for treating waste products to recover the components thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-10-06 GB GB9221335A patent/GB9221335D0/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-10-05 WO PCT/CA1993/000397 patent/WO1994007670A2/en active Application Filing
- 1993-10-05 CA CA002146327A patent/CA2146327A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-10-05 AU AU48135/93A patent/AU4813593A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-10-05 GB GB9506832A patent/GB2286137B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-06 ZA ZA937415A patent/ZA937415B/xx unknown
- 1993-10-06 CN CN93118599A patent/CN1086165A/zh active Pending
- 1993-11-03 TW TW82109165A patent/TW245677B/zh active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9506832D0 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
AU4813593A (en) | 1994-04-26 |
GB2286137B (en) | 1996-09-18 |
CN1086165A (zh) | 1994-05-04 |
GB2286137A (en) | 1995-08-09 |
WO1994007670A2 (en) | 1994-04-14 |
WO1994007670A3 (en) | 1994-09-15 |
TW245677B (en, 2012) | 1995-04-21 |
ZA937415B (en) | 1994-04-26 |
GB9221335D0 (en) | 1992-11-25 |
GB2286137A8 (en) | 1995-09-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2146327A1 (en) | Cryogenic processing of used tires and the like | |
EP1338395B1 (en) | Method of collecting a resin and method of disassembling a refrigerator | |
CA2193334C (en) | Cryogenic tire disintegration process and apparatus | |
EP2516122B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for rubber grinding and reclaiming | |
JPH02504358A (ja) | 材料を選鉱する装置 | |
US5533684A (en) | Wood chip strand splitter | |
CN101357469A (zh) | 利用废旧木材制备中密度纤维板的生产方法 | |
EP1216755A2 (en) | Method for recycling synthetic wood materials | |
CN1216725C (zh) | 处理废旧轮胎的工艺及其所用设备 | |
CA1167012A (en) | Method for beneficiating ductile scrap metal | |
CA2120410A1 (en) | Preparing rubber scrap for recycling | |
CN212441502U (zh) | 一种高效牛骨粉碎机 | |
JP2004537433A (ja) | 廃棄高分子材料を処理するための装置 | |
CA2202271C (en) | Wood chip strand splitter | |
KR0181481B1 (ko) | 건축.생할 폐기물 및 야채.청과류 폐기물의 파열분쇄 압축방법 및 장치 | |
CZ375792A3 (en) | Band-like material crushing | |
DE19506434C1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Zerkleinerung von porösen, steinartigen Materialien | |
KR20030041976A (ko) | 폴리머 재료 처리 방법 및 이 방법을 수행하기 위한 장치 | |
KR200221989Y1 (ko) | 재활용 자원의 파쇄기 | |
CA1153881A (en) | Loose-fill insulation and method of making same | |
SU1472024A1 (ru) | Способ измельчени шпика | |
CN216826397U (zh) | 一种机械加工废料用破碎装置 | |
CN209188937U (zh) | 一种片状物料震荡破碎机 | |
CN214682203U (zh) | 一种含铬压缩块的打散装置 | |
CN218796207U (zh) | 一种工业固体废料回收再利用设备 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Dead |