CA2096884C - Dry wire drawing lubricants - Google Patents
Dry wire drawing lubricants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2096884C CA2096884C CA002096884A CA2096884A CA2096884C CA 2096884 C CA2096884 C CA 2096884C CA 002096884 A CA002096884 A CA 002096884A CA 2096884 A CA2096884 A CA 2096884A CA 2096884 C CA2096884 C CA 2096884C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- wire drawing
- wire
- lubricant
- shaped
- psi
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 241000060350 Citronella moorei Species 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000139306 Platt Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004597 plastic additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
- C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/06—Particles of special shape or size
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US88902792A | 1992-05-26 | 1992-05-26 | |
| US889,027 | 1992-05-26 | ||
| US3492693A | 1993-03-19 | 1993-03-19 | |
| US034,926 | 1993-03-19 | ||
| US4604293A | 1993-04-09 | 1993-04-09 | |
| US046,042 | 1993-04-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2096884A1 CA2096884A1 (en) | 1993-11-27 |
| CA2096884C true CA2096884C (en) | 2001-01-09 |
Family
ID=27364763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002096884A Expired - Fee Related CA2096884C (en) | 1992-05-26 | 1993-05-25 | Dry wire drawing lubricants |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP0571815B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPH06166883A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AT (1) | ATE170547T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AU (1) | AU654620B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA2096884C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE69320693T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DK (1) | DK0571815T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| ES (1) | ES2119830T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1996014947A1 (de) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-23 | Ecoform Umformtechnik Gmbh | Festschmierstoff und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2956017A (en) * | 1956-04-13 | 1960-10-11 | Nopco Chem Co | Wire drawing lubricant containing a diamide, hydrated lime, and a normal calcium soap |
| CA1006497A (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1977-03-08 | Walter A. Smigel | Dry wire-drawing soap lubricant |
| JPS5344905B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1972-12-28 | 1978-12-02 | ||
| JPS5263559A (en) * | 1975-11-21 | 1977-05-26 | Oiles Industry Co Ltd | Solid lubricating composion |
| US4308182A (en) * | 1978-06-06 | 1981-12-29 | Pennwalt Corporation | Dry wire drawing lubricants based on Poly (3,5-dithio-1,2,4-thiadiazole) and Poly (2,5-dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazole) |
| US4404828A (en) * | 1980-08-01 | 1983-09-20 | H. L. Blachford Ltd/Ltee | Method of drawing a metal wire and lubricant composition therefor |
| SU1123753A1 (ru) * | 1983-03-10 | 1984-11-15 | Днепропетровский Металлургический Институт | Устройство дл подготовки сухой технологической смазки к волочению |
| SU1214745A1 (ru) * | 1985-01-02 | 1986-02-28 | Днепропетровский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Металлургический Институт Им.Л.И.Брежнева | Смазка дл сухого волочени металлов |
| IT1203641B (it) * | 1988-05-12 | 1989-02-15 | Lubrimetal Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione continua di lubrificanti in polvere da impiegare nella trafilatura a secco di fili metallici e/o nella laminazione a freddo dei metalli-impianto per la sua esecuzione e i lubrificanti cosi' ottenuti |
| US5028486A (en) * | 1988-06-27 | 1991-07-02 | Mallinckrodt Specialty Chemicals Company | Metallic fatty acid pellets and method of manufacture |
| CA2052604A1 (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1992-09-05 | Andrew F. Lum | Carrier-free metalworking lubricant and method of making and using same |
-
1993
- 1993-05-11 AT AT93107653T patent/ATE170547T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-05-11 DE DE69320693T patent/DE69320693T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-11 EP EP93107653A patent/EP0571815B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-11 EP EP97117686A patent/EP0821052A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-05-11 DK DK93107653T patent/DK0571815T3/da active
- 1993-05-11 ES ES93107653T patent/ES2119830T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-14 AU AU38586/93A patent/AU654620B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-25 CA CA002096884A patent/CA2096884C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-25 JP JP5144357A patent/JPH06166883A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK0571815T3 (da) | 1999-05-31 |
| EP0571815A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1994-01-19 |
| ATE170547T1 (de) | 1998-09-15 |
| EP0821052A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| AU3858693A (en) | 1993-12-02 |
| AU654620B2 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
| CA2096884A1 (en) | 1993-11-27 |
| JPH06166883A (ja) | 1994-06-14 |
| EP0571815A2 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
| EP0571815B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 |
| DE69320693D1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
| DE69320693T2 (de) | 1999-01-21 |
| ES2119830T3 (es) | 1998-10-16 |
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