CA1340844C - Composition for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials and the use thereof - Google Patents
Composition for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials and the use thereofInfo
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- CA1340844C CA1340844C CA000606553A CA606553A CA1340844C CA 1340844 C CA1340844 C CA 1340844C CA 000606553 A CA000606553 A CA 000606553A CA 606553 A CA606553 A CA 606553A CA 1340844 C CA1340844 C CA 1340844C
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/651—Compounds without nitrogen
- D06P1/65106—Oxygen-containing compounds
- D06P1/65118—Compounds containing hydroxyl groups
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/144—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/192—Polycarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/325—Amines
- D06M13/328—Amines the amino group being bound to an acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/368—Hydroxyalkylamines; Derivatives thereof, e.g. Kritchevsky bases
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/402—Amides imides, sulfamic acids
- D06M13/432—Urea, thiourea or derivatives thereof, e.g. biurets; Urea-inclusion compounds; Dicyanamides; Carbodiimides; Guanidines, e.g. dicyandiamides
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- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
- D06P1/649—Compounds containing carbonamide, thiocarbonamide or guanyl groups
- D06P1/6491—(Thio)urea or (cyclic) derivatives
Abstract
There are disclosed compositions for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials, which compositions contain, in addition to a water-soluble anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactant or a mixture thereof, an amphiphilic, phosphorus-free organic compound which is very slightly soluble in water, has a melting point below 4°C, and a boiling point above 200°C.
Description
13 4 0 s3~.~.-Composition for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials and the use thereof The present invention relates to a novel composition and to the use thereof: for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials so as to effect an almost complete deaeration of said materials in addj.tion to a rapid wetting.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a composition for wetting capillary materials, which composition comprises at least (a) 10-60~ by weight of a water-soluble nonionic surfactant (b) 2-10~ by wej.ght of a trialkyl ester of an aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl moieties, and ( c ) 88-30~ by wE~ight of water .
Compound (b) used in the practice of this invention preferably is liquid.
Suitable t r~.alkyl esters of aliphat is hydroxyt ri-carboxylic acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl moiet ies includes for example t ributyl cit rate . Mixtures of such compounds may also be used.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a composition for wetting capillary materials, which composition comprises at least (a) 10-60~ by weight of a water-soluble nonionic surfactant (b) 2-10~ by wej.ght of a trialkyl ester of an aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl moieties, and ( c ) 88-30~ by wE~ight of water .
Compound (b) used in the practice of this invention preferably is liquid.
Suitable t r~.alkyl esters of aliphat is hydroxyt ri-carboxylic acids containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl moiet ies includes for example t ributyl cit rate . Mixtures of such compounds may also be used.
Throughout this specification, the term "very slightly soluble in water"
will be understood as referring to an organic liquid, one part of which dissolves in 1 000 to 10 000 parts of water at 20°C (q.v. Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 28th edition, London, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982, X111 .
The surfactants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or, preferably, non-ionic surfactants. They may be used singly or as mixtures.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are:
- sulfated aliphatic alcohols which contain 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, e.g. sulfated lauryl alcohol;
- sulfated unsaturated fatty acids or fatty acid lower alkyl esters which contain 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty radical, e.g. ricinolic acid and oils containing .such fatty acids, e.g. castor oil;
- alkylsulfonates containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, e.g. dodecylsulfonate;
- alkylarylsulfonates with linear or branched alkyl chain containing not less than 6 carbon atoms, e.g. dodecylbenzenesulfonates or 3,7-diiso-butylnaphthalenesulfonates;
- sulfonates of polyca:rboxy:lates, for example dioctyl sulfosuccinate or sulfosuccinimides;
- the alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts of fatty acids containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. rosin salts, classified as soaps;
- esters of polyalcoho:ls, especially mono- or diglycerides of fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon :atoms, e.g. monoglycerides of lauric, stearic or oleic acid; and - the adducts of 1 to fi0 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty amines, fatty acids or fatty alcohols, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with alkylphenols containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, or with tr:ihydric to hexahydric alkanols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which adducts are converted into an acid ester with an organic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. malefic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, but preferably with <in inorganic polybasic acid such as o-phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
1340b4~
will be understood as referring to an organic liquid, one part of which dissolves in 1 000 to 10 000 parts of water at 20°C (q.v. Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 28th edition, London, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1982, X111 .
The surfactants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric or, preferably, non-ionic surfactants. They may be used singly or as mixtures.
Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are:
- sulfated aliphatic alcohols which contain 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, e.g. sulfated lauryl alcohol;
- sulfated unsaturated fatty acids or fatty acid lower alkyl esters which contain 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty radical, e.g. ricinolic acid and oils containing .such fatty acids, e.g. castor oil;
- alkylsulfonates containing 8 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, e.g. dodecylsulfonate;
- alkylarylsulfonates with linear or branched alkyl chain containing not less than 6 carbon atoms, e.g. dodecylbenzenesulfonates or 3,7-diiso-butylnaphthalenesulfonates;
- sulfonates of polyca:rboxy:lates, for example dioctyl sulfosuccinate or sulfosuccinimides;
- the alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts of fatty acids containing 10 to 20 carbon atoms, e.g. rosin salts, classified as soaps;
- esters of polyalcoho:ls, especially mono- or diglycerides of fatty acids containing 12 to 18 carbon :atoms, e.g. monoglycerides of lauric, stearic or oleic acid; and - the adducts of 1 to fi0 moles of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty amines, fatty acids or fatty alcohols, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, with alkylphenols containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, or with tr:ihydric to hexahydric alkanols containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, which adducts are converted into an acid ester with an organic dicarboxylic acid, e.g. malefic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, but preferably with <in inorganic polybasic acid such as o-phosphoric acid or sulfuric acid.
1340b4~
Further suitable anionic surfactants are derivatives of alkylene oxide adducts, e.g. adducts of alkylene oxides, preferably of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide or also styrene oxide, with organic hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and/or amido compounds containing aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having a total of not less than 4 carbon atoms, or mixtures of such compounds, which adducts contain acid ether groups or, preferably, acid ester groups of inorganic or organic acids. These acid ethers or esters can be in the form of the free acids or salts, e.g. alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, ammonium or amine salts.
These anionic surfactants are obtained by known methods, by addition of at least 1 mol, preferably of more than 1 mol, e.g. 2 to 60 mol, of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, or alternately, in any order, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, to the above organic compounds, and subse-quently etherifying or esterifying the adducts, and, if desired, con-verting the ethers or esters into their salts. Suitable starting ma-terials are e.g. higher fatty alcohols, i.e. alkanols or alkenols, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, dihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohols containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic alcohols, phenyl-phenols, benzylphenols, alkylphenols containing one or more alkyl substituents which together contain at least 4 carbon atoms, fatty acids containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, amines Which contain aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having not less than 8 carbon atoms, especially fatty amines containing such radicals, hydroxyalkylamines, hydroxyalkylamides and aminoalkyl esters of fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids and higher alkyl,ated aryloxycarboxylic acids.
Very suitable anionic surfactants are acid esters, or salts thereof, of a polyadduct of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a fatty alcohol containing 8 to 22 carlbon atoms, or with 1 mol of a phenol which contains at least one benzyl group, one phenyl group or preferably one alkyl group containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, e.g. benzylphenol, dibenzyl-phenol, dibenzyl(nonyl)phenol, a-methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)-phenol, tris(a-methylb~anzyl)phenol, o-phenylphenol, butylphenol, tri-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol or pentadecylphenol.
These anionic surfactants are obtained by known methods, by addition of at least 1 mol, preferably of more than 1 mol, e.g. 2 to 60 mol, of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, or alternately, in any order, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, to the above organic compounds, and subse-quently etherifying or esterifying the adducts, and, if desired, con-verting the ethers or esters into their salts. Suitable starting ma-terials are e.g. higher fatty alcohols, i.e. alkanols or alkenols, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, dihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohols containing 2 to 9 carbon atoms, alicyclic alcohols, phenyl-phenols, benzylphenols, alkylphenols containing one or more alkyl substituents which together contain at least 4 carbon atoms, fatty acids containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, amines Which contain aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radicals having not less than 8 carbon atoms, especially fatty amines containing such radicals, hydroxyalkylamines, hydroxyalkylamides and aminoalkyl esters of fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids and higher alkyl,ated aryloxycarboxylic acids.
Very suitable anionic surfactants are acid esters, or salts thereof, of a polyadduct of 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of a fatty alcohol containing 8 to 22 carlbon atoms, or with 1 mol of a phenol which contains at least one benzyl group, one phenyl group or preferably one alkyl group containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, e.g. benzylphenol, dibenzyl-phenol, dibenzyl(nonyl)phenol, a-methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)-phenol, tris(a-methylb~anzyl)phenol, o-phenylphenol, butylphenol, tri-butylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol or pentadecylphenol.
Particularly suitable anionic surfactants are those of formula ( 1 ) R-0-( C H Z CH Z 0-~-X , m wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, alkylphenyl containing 4 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, or o-phenylphenyl, X
is the acid radical of an inorganic oxygen-containing acid, for example phosphoric acid or, preferably, sulfuric acid, or is also the radical of an organic acid for example malefic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, and m is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15; and, in particular, those of formula (2) R1-0--(CHZCHZO~X1 m wherein R1 is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, X1 is carboxyalkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl or carboxypropyl, and m is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15.
The alkyl moiety of al:kylphenyl is preferably in para-position. The alkyl moieties of alkylphenyl may be butyl, hexyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, p-tert-octyl, p-isononyl, dec:yl or dodecyl. Alkyl radicals of 8 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred, octyl or nonyl radicals being most preferred.
The fatty alcohols for preparing the anionic surfactants of formulae (1) and (2) are, for example, those containing 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms, for example oct;yl, decyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, arachidyl or behenyl alcohol.
The acid radical X is derived, for example, from a low molecular di-carboxylic acid, e.g. :E'rom ma.leic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, and is linked to the oxyethylene part of the molecule through an ester bridge. In particular, ;~C is derived from an inorganic polybasic acid such as sulfuric acid and, in particular, orthophosphoric acid. The acid radical X can be .in salt form, i.e. for example in the form of an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or amine salt. Examples of such salts are: lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, trimethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triet:hanolamine salts.
134~~~-~
is the acid radical of an inorganic oxygen-containing acid, for example phosphoric acid or, preferably, sulfuric acid, or is also the radical of an organic acid for example malefic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, and m is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15; and, in particular, those of formula (2) R1-0--(CHZCHZO~X1 m wherein R1 is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, X1 is carboxyalkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, for example carboxymethyl, carboxyethyl or carboxypropyl, and m is 2 to 30, preferably 2 to 15.
The alkyl moiety of al:kylphenyl is preferably in para-position. The alkyl moieties of alkylphenyl may be butyl, hexyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, p-tert-octyl, p-isononyl, dec:yl or dodecyl. Alkyl radicals of 8 to 12 carbon atoms are preferred, octyl or nonyl radicals being most preferred.
The fatty alcohols for preparing the anionic surfactants of formulae (1) and (2) are, for example, those containing 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms, for example oct;yl, decyl, lauryl, tridecyl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, oleyl, arachidyl or behenyl alcohol.
The acid radical X is derived, for example, from a low molecular di-carboxylic acid, e.g. :E'rom ma.leic acid, succinic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, and is linked to the oxyethylene part of the molecule through an ester bridge. In particular, ;~C is derived from an inorganic polybasic acid such as sulfuric acid and, in particular, orthophosphoric acid. The acid radical X can be .in salt form, i.e. for example in the form of an alkali metal salt, ammonium salt or amine salt. Examples of such salts are: lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, trimethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triet:hanolamine salts.
134~~~-~
Anionic surfactants of formula (2) are prepared in a manner which is known per se, for example by reacting an ethoxylated fatty alcohol with a halogenated lower carboxylic acid of 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of, for example, aqueous sodium hydroxide. They can also be used in the form of their salts, for example as alkali metal salts, ammonium salts or amine salts. Examples of such salts are lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium, trimethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine or triethanolamine salts. The sodium salts are preferred.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 4 to 100 mol of alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, with 1 mol of an aliphatic monoalcohol containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, of a trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohol, of a phenol or alkyl-, benzyl-or phenyl-substituted phenol or of a Ce-CZZfatty alcohol. Preferred nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of CS-CZZmonoalcohols with 8 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide. Some of the polyadducts may be terminally etherified with alkyl groups of preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Such terminally blocked surfactants may be prepared in a manner which is known per se, for example by reacting the alkylene oxide adducts with thionyl chloride and subsequently reacting the resultant chloro compound with a fatty alcohol or short-chain alcohol.
The aliphatic monoalcohols may be, for example, water-insoluble mono-alcohols of preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms. These alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and branched or straight chain, and may be used singly or in admixture. Natural alcohols such as myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol, or synthetic alcohols such as preferably 2-ethylhexa;nol, also trimethylhexanol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol or linear primary alcohols containing on average 8-10, 10-14, 12, 16, 18 or 20-22 carbon atoms, can be reacted with the alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide.
Further aliphatic alcohols which can be reacted with alkylene oxide are trihydric to hexahydric alk~anols. These alcohols contain 3 to 6 carbon atoms and are, in particular, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, l3~os~~
Suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 4 to 100 mol of alkylene oxide, for example ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, with 1 mol of an aliphatic monoalcohol containing not less than 4 carbon atoms, of a trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohol, of a phenol or alkyl-, benzyl-or phenyl-substituted phenol or of a Ce-CZZfatty alcohol. Preferred nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of CS-CZZmonoalcohols with 8 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide. Some of the polyadducts may be terminally etherified with alkyl groups of preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Such terminally blocked surfactants may be prepared in a manner which is known per se, for example by reacting the alkylene oxide adducts with thionyl chloride and subsequently reacting the resultant chloro compound with a fatty alcohol or short-chain alcohol.
The aliphatic monoalcohols may be, for example, water-insoluble mono-alcohols of preferably 8 to 22 carbon atoms. These alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and branched or straight chain, and may be used singly or in admixture. Natural alcohols such as myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or oleyl alcohol, or synthetic alcohols such as preferably 2-ethylhexa;nol, also trimethylhexanol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol or linear primary alcohols containing on average 8-10, 10-14, 12, 16, 18 or 20-22 carbon atoms, can be reacted with the alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide.
Further aliphatic alcohols which can be reacted with alkylene oxide are trihydric to hexahydric alk~anols. These alcohols contain 3 to 6 carbon atoms and are, in particular, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, erythritol, l3~os~~
mannitol, pentaerythritol and sorbitol. The trihydric to hexahydric alcohols are preferably reacted with propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or with a mixture thereof.
Examples of unsubstituted or substituted phenols are phenol, a-methyl-benzyl phenol, bis(a-m~ethyl'benzyl)phenol, tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol, o-phenylphenol or alkylphenols which contain 1 to 16, preferably 4 to 12, carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety. Examples of these alkylphenols are p-cresol, butyl phenol, tributyl phenol, octyl phenol and, preferably, nonyl phenol.
The fatty acids preferably contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms and may be saturated or unsaturat~sd. They are typically capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic or stearic acid, and decenoic, dodecenoic, tetradecenoic, hexadecenoic, oleic, l:inole:ic, linolenic or, preferably, ricinolic acid.
Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are:
- polyadducts of preferably 4 to 30 mol of alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, in which adducts individual ethylene oxide units may be replaced by substitusted epo:xides, such as styrene oxide and/or propylene oxide, with higher unsaturated or saturated monoalcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines or fatty amides of 8 to 22 carbon atoms or with phenylphenol, a--methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)phenol, tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol o r alkylphenols whose alkyl moieties contain not less than 4 carbon atoms;
- alkylene oxide, in p<3rticular ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide condensates;
- reaction products of a fatty acid of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a primary or secondary amine having at least one hydroxy(lower alkyl) or (lower alkoxy)(lower alkyl) group, or adducts of alkylene oxide with these hydroxyalkylated reaction products, the reaction taking place such that the molecular ratio of hydroxyalkylamine to fatty acid may be l:l or greater than 1, for Example 1:1 to 2:1;
1340aø~
_,_ - polyadducts of propylene oxide with a trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example glycerol or penta-erythritol, said polypropylene oxide adducts having an average molecular weight of 250 to 1800, preferably 400 to 900; and - esters of polyalcohols, preferably mono- or diglycerides of Clz-Cis-fatty acids, for example monoglycerides of lauric, stearic or oleic acid.
Very suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 10 to 15 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of fatty alcohol or fatty acid, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or with 1 mol of alkylphenol containing a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety or, more particularly, fatty acid diethanolamides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical, most preferably lauryl diethanolamide or coconut fatty acid diethanolamide.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are also those of the amine oxide or sulfoxide type.
Suitable cationic surfactants are compounds which contain amino, imino, quaternary ammonium or immonium groups, tertiary phosphino, quaternary phosphonium or sulfonium groyps, and also thiouronium or guanidium groups, as basic subst:ituents. Preferred cationic surfactants are fatty amines and acid salts ithereof or quaternary ammonium compounds each containing not less than one .aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 6 to 22 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms.
Further suitable cationic sur:Eactants are monoamines or polyamines containing two or more, preferably two to five, basic nitrogen atoms, which amines contain at: least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one lipophilic substituent, for example alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and which may be partially or completely quaternised.
Yet further cationic surfactants are N-alkylated cyclic ammonium compounds, for example derived from unsaturated heterocyclic compounds such as pyridinium, qu_Lnolinium, isoquinolinium, phthalazinium, benz-t3~o~~4 _8_ imidazolium, benzothiazolium, benzotriazolium and imidazolinium deriva-tives, or from saturated heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, thiamorpholinium, piperazinium, 1,3-benz-oxazinium, 1,3,5-trialkylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazinium and N-hexahydro-azepinium derivatives. Such surfactants are described, for example, in E. Jungermann, Cationic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel, 1970, page 71 et seq.
Suitable cationic surfactants are also polyammonium polymers, for example those described in US patent specifications 4 247 476 and 4 349 532.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example, carboxy derivatives of imidazole, carboxybetaines, sulfobetaines, sulfoniobetaines and phos-phonobetaines, as well as other phosphorus-containing betaines. Such surfactants are described in B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton, "Amphoteric Surfactants", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, 1982, pages 1-173.
Examples of further amphoteric surfactants are those of the amino acid type containing carboxyl, sulfonate or sulfate anions, for example the N-fatty amine propionates, the asparagine derivatives, the alkyl dimethyl ammonium acetates, the fatty alkyl dimethyl carboxymethylammonium salts and monoamines or polyamines containing two or more, preferably two to five, basic nitrogen atoms, Which amines contain, per basic nitrogen atom, at least one acid etherified or esterified polyglycol ether chain and at least one lipoplailic substituent, and which may in addition be partially or completely quaternised (q. v. B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton, op. cit., pages 175-22.3).
Suitable hydrophobic capillary materials are mainly fibre materials. They may, however, also be materials in powder form.
Fibre materials which may suitably be treated with the compositions of this invention are synthetic :Fibres, for example polyamide, polyester, acrylic, polypropylene, polyc;arbonate, polyurethane-elastomer fibres, regenerated cellulose :E'ibres, or natural fibres such as raw cotton, flax, wool and silk.
_ g _ Polyamide fibres will be understood as meaning synthetic polyamide fibre material, for example polyamide 6, polyamide 66 or polyamide 12.
Polyester fibres will be understood as meaning preferably man-made high molecular weight fibres made from linear aromatic polyesters (usually polycondensates of terephthalic acid and glycols, especially ethylene glycol, or polycondensates or terephthalic acid and 1,4-bis(hydroxy-methyl)hexahydrobenzene.
Acrylic fibres will be understood as meaning, for example, fibres which contain not less than 85 % of polymerised acrylonitrile. Such acrylic fibres normally consist of ternary copolymers and 85-95 % of acrylo-nitrile, 4-10 % of a nonionic comonomer and 0.5 -1 % of an ionic comono-mer containing a sulfo or sulfonate group.
Polycarbonate fibres are mainly homo- and copolymer polycarbonates, for example the polymer of bisphenol A and phosgene.
Polyurethane-elastomer fibres will be understood as meaning, for example, the elastic fibres whi~~h are obtained by reacting low molecular diiso-cyanates with long-chain, low-melting dihydroxy compounds, for example copolyesters of adipic acid and a mixture of diols, for example of ethylene glycol and 1,:2-propanediol or 1,6-hexanediol.
Polypropylene fibres wall be understood as meaning in particular fibres which consists of homopolymers of propylene and copolymers of propylene and other aliphatic 1-0 lefins of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Examples of materials :in powder form which may be treated with the compositions of this invention are activated carbon and vat and disperse dyes.
The compositions of this invention may contain further ingredients such as antifoams, viscosity regulators, electrolytes or preservatives.
13 4 0 ~'~.~.
Suitable antifoams are, for example, those disclosed in DE-B- 26 25 706.
They may also be, however, those based on silicone oil, or alkylene diamides containing amide groups of formula RCONH-, wherein R is an aliphatic or cycloal.iphatic: radical such as C9-CZ~alkyl or cyclohexyl.
Further antifoams are described in DE-A-1 5'19 967 or EP-A- 0 207 0~2. Preferred antifoams are those based on silicone oils.
The compositions of this invention are prepared by mixing the water-soluble surfactant with water, with or without the application of heat, and adding to the homogeneous solution the very slightly water-soluble amphiphilic compound and also the optional antifoam.
The compositions of this invention contain the water-soluble surfactants and the amphiphilic organic compound in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:1, preferably of 10:1 to 2:1.
The compositions of this invention may be used undiluted or diluted with water. Application baths for the treatment of textiles may contain 0.01 to 50 g/1, preferably 3 to 20 g/1 and, most preferably, 3 to 5 g/1, of the composition.
Preferred compositions comprise:
10-60 % by weight, preferably 10-50 % by weight, of water-soluble surfactant, 2-10 % by weight of amph:iphilic organic compound, preferably in liquid form, 0.2-2 % by weight of antifoam, 87.8-38 % by weight of water.
The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight.
13408c~4 Preparatory Examples Example 1: 50 parts of sodiunu dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed with 36.25 parts of water while heating to 50-60°C, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 12.5 parts of tributyl citrate and 1.25 parts of antifoam consisting for example of 85 % of silicone oil and 15 % of pyrogenic silicic acid. A
highly viscous liquid is obtained.
Example 2: 20 parts of lauryl diethanolamide are mixed at 50-60°C
with 74.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of antifoam according to Example 1. A pourable, storage-stable liquid is obtained.
Example 3: 20 parts of hexadecylpyridinium chloride are mixed at 50-60°C
with 75 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate. A
viscous, storage-stable liquid is obtained.
Comparably good formulations are obtained by using in Example 1 to 3 instead of tributyl citrate, 5 parts of tetrabutyl urea, tributylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine, dibutylaminoethanol or geraniol.
Example 4: 50 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed at 50-60°C with 37.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 12.5 parts of tetrabutyl urea. A highly viscous solution is obtained.
Example 5: 60 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol are mixed with 26 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are added, in succession, 8 parts of tributyl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam according to Example 1, and 5 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. A
viscous, storage-stabl~a formulation is obtained.
1340~~~
Example 6: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 45.9 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. With stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl citrate, 0.6 part of the antifoam according to Example 1 and 10 parts of an aqueous mixture of the mixture of oligomers of phosphoric acid esters disclosed in US patent specification 4 254 063, sodium gluconate and magnesium chloride (in the ratio of 2:1:1) are then added. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 7: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carbox;ymeth;ylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 27.9 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. With constant stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl citrate, 0.6 part of tlae antifoam according to Example 1, 10 parts of the mixture of oligomers o:E phosphoric acid esters disclosed in US patent specification 4 254 063, 11 parts of 50 % KOH and 7 parts of a 70 solution of sorbitol a:re then added in succession. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 8: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl a:Lcohol and 54.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate and 1 parts of the antifoarn according to Example 1 are added in succession. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 9: The procedure of Example 8 is repeated, using 4.5 parts of tetrabutyl urea in place of acetyl tributyl citrate. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 10: 30 parts oi: coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carboxymethyla3ted adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl aJlcohol <;nd 49.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of tributyl citrate, and 5 parts of an antifoam consisting of 47 parts of butyl acrylate/2-ethylhexyl maleate, 39 parts of i:>opalmil:yl alcohol, 7 parts of an ethoxylated polydimethyl siloxane, 3.5 parts of the polyadduct of 9 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of Cl3oxoalcohol and 3.5 parts of oleic acid are added. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 11: The procedure of Example 10 is repeated, replacing the antifoam used therein ~by 5 parts of a formulation comprising 1.65 parts of N,N'-ethylenebis(st~earamide), 2 parts of magnesium stearate, 37 parts of bis(2-ethylhexyl)maleate, 37.35 parts of paraffin oil (Shelloil L 6189), 11 parts of a nonionic emulsifier, for example Tween 65~ and 11 parts of an anionic emulsifier, for example Phospholan PNP9~. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 12: 25 parts of the polyadduct (OH-127) of 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of C9-Clloxoalcohol are mixed with 72 parts of water and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 2.5 parts of tributyl ~~itrate and 0.5 part of a silicone antifoam are added in succession. A low viscosity, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 13: 25 parts o:E the malefic acid monoester of the polyadduct of 35 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of stearyl alcohol are mixed with 72 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 2.5 warts of tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of a silicone antifoam are .added in succession. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 14: 20 parts o:E lauryl diethanolamide and 5 parts of the carboxy-methylated adduct of 11) mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol are mixed at 51)°C with 59 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To t';he homogeneous solution are then added, in succession, 5 parts of tribut;yl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam according to Example 1, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 and 5 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
- 14 - 13408~~-Use Examples Example A: A starch-sized raw cotton fabric is desized by padding it with an aqueous liquor which contains the following ingredients:
1 g/1 of enzymatic des.izing agent, for example amylase, 4 g/1 of sodium chloride, and 3 g/1 of the formulation of Example 2.
The fabric is expressed to a pick-up of 100 % and stored for 2 hours at 80°C. The fabric is than rinsed in conventional manner with warm and cold water and thereafter dried.
To test the quality of the desizing, the fabric is treated with a solution of iodine/potassium iodide. The blue coloration which occurs if starch size is still present is assessed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and completely deaerated by addition of the formulation of Example 2.
Example B: To dye a cotton knitted fabric, the material is padded at a temperature of 20-30°C and for an immersion time of 3-5 seconds, and expressed to a pick-up of 100 %.
The padding liquor contains the following ingredients:
18 g/1 of the dye of formula N
HQ l~H ~ \ -NHCHZCHzOCHZCHzSOzCH=CHz .-.
H C=CHSO -~/ ~~-N=N--~/ \~/~\~
z z \ / I II I
._.
\./~\.// \ 1 H03S~ S03H
g/1 of the formulation of Example 4, 5 g/1 of the graft polymer prepared according to Instruction 2 of European patent: application 111 454, as binder for the liquor, 2 g/1 of a dispersant, for example sulfonaphthalene/formaldehyde condensate, -15 - 134~g4~-3 g/1 of sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 70 ml/1 of water glass of 37-40° Be, and 18 ml/1 of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be.
The knitted fabric is atored at 20-30°C for 8 hours, during which time the dye is fixed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and deaerated by addition of the formulation of Example 4. A level and fast dyeing is obtained on the treated cotton.
Example C: A raw cotton yarn package is put into a circulation dyeing machine which contains 3 g/1 ~of an aqueous warm formulation of 30°C of the wetting agent obtained in Example 2.
The package is rapidly wetted through and deaerated by the strong wetting and deaerating action of the formulation and can be dyed in conventional manner, at a liquor ratio of 1:40, with a dye liquor comprising:
Examples of unsubstituted or substituted phenols are phenol, a-methyl-benzyl phenol, bis(a-m~ethyl'benzyl)phenol, tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol, o-phenylphenol or alkylphenols which contain 1 to 16, preferably 4 to 12, carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety. Examples of these alkylphenols are p-cresol, butyl phenol, tributyl phenol, octyl phenol and, preferably, nonyl phenol.
The fatty acids preferably contain 8 to 22 carbon atoms and may be saturated or unsaturat~sd. They are typically capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic or stearic acid, and decenoic, dodecenoic, tetradecenoic, hexadecenoic, oleic, l:inole:ic, linolenic or, preferably, ricinolic acid.
Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants are:
- polyadducts of preferably 4 to 30 mol of alkylene oxide, in particular ethylene oxide, in which adducts individual ethylene oxide units may be replaced by substitusted epo:xides, such as styrene oxide and/or propylene oxide, with higher unsaturated or saturated monoalcohols, fatty acids, fatty amines or fatty amides of 8 to 22 carbon atoms or with phenylphenol, a--methylbenzylphenol, bis(a-methylbenzyl)phenol, tris(a-methylbenzyl)phenol o r alkylphenols whose alkyl moieties contain not less than 4 carbon atoms;
- alkylene oxide, in p<3rticular ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide condensates;
- reaction products of a fatty acid of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a primary or secondary amine having at least one hydroxy(lower alkyl) or (lower alkoxy)(lower alkyl) group, or adducts of alkylene oxide with these hydroxyalkylated reaction products, the reaction taking place such that the molecular ratio of hydroxyalkylamine to fatty acid may be l:l or greater than 1, for Example 1:1 to 2:1;
1340aø~
_,_ - polyadducts of propylene oxide with a trihydric to hexahydric aliphatic alcohol of 3 to 6 carbon atoms, for example glycerol or penta-erythritol, said polypropylene oxide adducts having an average molecular weight of 250 to 1800, preferably 400 to 900; and - esters of polyalcohols, preferably mono- or diglycerides of Clz-Cis-fatty acids, for example monoglycerides of lauric, stearic or oleic acid.
Very suitable nonionic surfactants are polyadducts of 10 to 15 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of fatty alcohol or fatty acid, each containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms, or with 1 mol of alkylphenol containing a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety or, more particularly, fatty acid diethanolamides containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the fatty acid radical, most preferably lauryl diethanolamide or coconut fatty acid diethanolamide.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are also those of the amine oxide or sulfoxide type.
Suitable cationic surfactants are compounds which contain amino, imino, quaternary ammonium or immonium groups, tertiary phosphino, quaternary phosphonium or sulfonium groyps, and also thiouronium or guanidium groups, as basic subst:ituents. Preferred cationic surfactants are fatty amines and acid salts ithereof or quaternary ammonium compounds each containing not less than one .aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 6 to 22 carbon atoms which may be interrupted by oxygen atoms.
Further suitable cationic sur:Eactants are monoamines or polyamines containing two or more, preferably two to five, basic nitrogen atoms, which amines contain at: least one polyglycol ether chain and at least one lipophilic substituent, for example alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and which may be partially or completely quaternised.
Yet further cationic surfactants are N-alkylated cyclic ammonium compounds, for example derived from unsaturated heterocyclic compounds such as pyridinium, qu_Lnolinium, isoquinolinium, phthalazinium, benz-t3~o~~4 _8_ imidazolium, benzothiazolium, benzotriazolium and imidazolinium deriva-tives, or from saturated heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, thiamorpholinium, piperazinium, 1,3-benz-oxazinium, 1,3,5-trialkylhexahydro-1,3,5-triazinium and N-hexahydro-azepinium derivatives. Such surfactants are described, for example, in E. Jungermann, Cationic Surfactants, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel, 1970, page 71 et seq.
Suitable cationic surfactants are also polyammonium polymers, for example those described in US patent specifications 4 247 476 and 4 349 532.
Suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example, carboxy derivatives of imidazole, carboxybetaines, sulfobetaines, sulfoniobetaines and phos-phonobetaines, as well as other phosphorus-containing betaines. Such surfactants are described in B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton, "Amphoteric Surfactants", Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, 1982, pages 1-173.
Examples of further amphoteric surfactants are those of the amino acid type containing carboxyl, sulfonate or sulfate anions, for example the N-fatty amine propionates, the asparagine derivatives, the alkyl dimethyl ammonium acetates, the fatty alkyl dimethyl carboxymethylammonium salts and monoamines or polyamines containing two or more, preferably two to five, basic nitrogen atoms, Which amines contain, per basic nitrogen atom, at least one acid etherified or esterified polyglycol ether chain and at least one lipoplailic substituent, and which may in addition be partially or completely quaternised (q. v. B.R. Bluestein and C.L. Hilton, op. cit., pages 175-22.3).
Suitable hydrophobic capillary materials are mainly fibre materials. They may, however, also be materials in powder form.
Fibre materials which may suitably be treated with the compositions of this invention are synthetic :Fibres, for example polyamide, polyester, acrylic, polypropylene, polyc;arbonate, polyurethane-elastomer fibres, regenerated cellulose :E'ibres, or natural fibres such as raw cotton, flax, wool and silk.
_ g _ Polyamide fibres will be understood as meaning synthetic polyamide fibre material, for example polyamide 6, polyamide 66 or polyamide 12.
Polyester fibres will be understood as meaning preferably man-made high molecular weight fibres made from linear aromatic polyesters (usually polycondensates of terephthalic acid and glycols, especially ethylene glycol, or polycondensates or terephthalic acid and 1,4-bis(hydroxy-methyl)hexahydrobenzene.
Acrylic fibres will be understood as meaning, for example, fibres which contain not less than 85 % of polymerised acrylonitrile. Such acrylic fibres normally consist of ternary copolymers and 85-95 % of acrylo-nitrile, 4-10 % of a nonionic comonomer and 0.5 -1 % of an ionic comono-mer containing a sulfo or sulfonate group.
Polycarbonate fibres are mainly homo- and copolymer polycarbonates, for example the polymer of bisphenol A and phosgene.
Polyurethane-elastomer fibres will be understood as meaning, for example, the elastic fibres whi~~h are obtained by reacting low molecular diiso-cyanates with long-chain, low-melting dihydroxy compounds, for example copolyesters of adipic acid and a mixture of diols, for example of ethylene glycol and 1,:2-propanediol or 1,6-hexanediol.
Polypropylene fibres wall be understood as meaning in particular fibres which consists of homopolymers of propylene and copolymers of propylene and other aliphatic 1-0 lefins of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
Examples of materials :in powder form which may be treated with the compositions of this invention are activated carbon and vat and disperse dyes.
The compositions of this invention may contain further ingredients such as antifoams, viscosity regulators, electrolytes or preservatives.
13 4 0 ~'~.~.
Suitable antifoams are, for example, those disclosed in DE-B- 26 25 706.
They may also be, however, those based on silicone oil, or alkylene diamides containing amide groups of formula RCONH-, wherein R is an aliphatic or cycloal.iphatic: radical such as C9-CZ~alkyl or cyclohexyl.
Further antifoams are described in DE-A-1 5'19 967 or EP-A- 0 207 0~2. Preferred antifoams are those based on silicone oils.
The compositions of this invention are prepared by mixing the water-soluble surfactant with water, with or without the application of heat, and adding to the homogeneous solution the very slightly water-soluble amphiphilic compound and also the optional antifoam.
The compositions of this invention contain the water-soluble surfactants and the amphiphilic organic compound in a weight ratio of 20:1 to 1:1, preferably of 10:1 to 2:1.
The compositions of this invention may be used undiluted or diluted with water. Application baths for the treatment of textiles may contain 0.01 to 50 g/1, preferably 3 to 20 g/1 and, most preferably, 3 to 5 g/1, of the composition.
Preferred compositions comprise:
10-60 % by weight, preferably 10-50 % by weight, of water-soluble surfactant, 2-10 % by weight of amph:iphilic organic compound, preferably in liquid form, 0.2-2 % by weight of antifoam, 87.8-38 % by weight of water.
The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following Examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight.
13408c~4 Preparatory Examples Example 1: 50 parts of sodiunu dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed with 36.25 parts of water while heating to 50-60°C, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 12.5 parts of tributyl citrate and 1.25 parts of antifoam consisting for example of 85 % of silicone oil and 15 % of pyrogenic silicic acid. A
highly viscous liquid is obtained.
Example 2: 20 parts of lauryl diethanolamide are mixed at 50-60°C
with 74.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of antifoam according to Example 1. A pourable, storage-stable liquid is obtained.
Example 3: 20 parts of hexadecylpyridinium chloride are mixed at 50-60°C
with 75 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 5 parts of tributyl citrate. A
viscous, storage-stable liquid is obtained.
Comparably good formulations are obtained by using in Example 1 to 3 instead of tributyl citrate, 5 parts of tetrabutyl urea, tributylamine, bis(2-ethylhexyl)amine, dibutylaminoethanol or geraniol.
Example 4: 50 parts of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate are mixed at 50-60°C with 37.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are then added 12.5 parts of tetrabutyl urea. A highly viscous solution is obtained.
Example 5: 60 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol are mixed with 26 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To the homogeneous solution are added, in succession, 8 parts of tributyl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam according to Example 1, and 5 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. A
viscous, storage-stabl~a formulation is obtained.
1340~~~
Example 6: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 45.9 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. With stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl citrate, 0.6 part of the antifoam according to Example 1 and 10 parts of an aqueous mixture of the mixture of oligomers of phosphoric acid esters disclosed in US patent specification 4 254 063, sodium gluconate and magnesium chloride (in the ratio of 2:1:1) are then added. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 7: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carbox;ymeth;ylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol and 27.9 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. With constant stirring, 3.5 parts of tributyl citrate, 0.6 part of tlae antifoam according to Example 1, 10 parts of the mixture of oligomers o:E phosphoric acid esters disclosed in US patent specification 4 254 063, 11 parts of 50 % KOH and 7 parts of a 70 solution of sorbitol a:re then added in succession. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 8: 30 parts of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carboxymethylated adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl a:Lcohol and 54.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate and 1 parts of the antifoarn according to Example 1 are added in succession. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 9: The procedure of Example 8 is repeated, using 4.5 parts of tetrabutyl urea in place of acetyl tributyl citrate. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 10: 30 parts oi: coconut fatty acid diethanolamide are mixed with 10 parts of the carboxymethyla3ted adduct of 2.5 mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl aJlcohol <;nd 49.5 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 4.5 parts of tributyl citrate, and 5 parts of an antifoam consisting of 47 parts of butyl acrylate/2-ethylhexyl maleate, 39 parts of i:>opalmil:yl alcohol, 7 parts of an ethoxylated polydimethyl siloxane, 3.5 parts of the polyadduct of 9 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of Cl3oxoalcohol and 3.5 parts of oleic acid are added. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 11: The procedure of Example 10 is repeated, replacing the antifoam used therein ~by 5 parts of a formulation comprising 1.65 parts of N,N'-ethylenebis(st~earamide), 2 parts of magnesium stearate, 37 parts of bis(2-ethylhexyl)maleate, 37.35 parts of paraffin oil (Shelloil L 6189), 11 parts of a nonionic emulsifier, for example Tween 65~ and 11 parts of an anionic emulsifier, for example Phospholan PNP9~. A
viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 12: 25 parts of the polyadduct (OH-127) of 4 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of C9-Clloxoalcohol are mixed with 72 parts of water and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 2.5 parts of tributyl ~~itrate and 0.5 part of a silicone antifoam are added in succession. A low viscosity, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 13: 25 parts o:E the malefic acid monoester of the polyadduct of 35 mol of ethylene oxide and 1 mol of styrene oxide with 1 mol of stearyl alcohol are mixed with 72 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. Then 2.5 warts of tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of a silicone antifoam are .added in succession. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
Example 14: 20 parts o:E lauryl diethanolamide and 5 parts of the carboxy-methylated adduct of 11) mol of ethylene oxide with 1 mol of lauryl alcohol are mixed at 51)°C with 59 parts of water, and the mixture is homogenised by stirring. To t';he homogeneous solution are then added, in succession, 5 parts of tribut;yl citrate, 1 part of the antifoam according to Example 1, 5 parts of polyethylene glycol 400 and 5 parts of 2-methyl-2,4-pentandiol. A viscous, storage-stable formulation is obtained.
- 14 - 13408~~-Use Examples Example A: A starch-sized raw cotton fabric is desized by padding it with an aqueous liquor which contains the following ingredients:
1 g/1 of enzymatic des.izing agent, for example amylase, 4 g/1 of sodium chloride, and 3 g/1 of the formulation of Example 2.
The fabric is expressed to a pick-up of 100 % and stored for 2 hours at 80°C. The fabric is than rinsed in conventional manner with warm and cold water and thereafter dried.
To test the quality of the desizing, the fabric is treated with a solution of iodine/potassium iodide. The blue coloration which occurs if starch size is still present is assessed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and completely deaerated by addition of the formulation of Example 2.
Example B: To dye a cotton knitted fabric, the material is padded at a temperature of 20-30°C and for an immersion time of 3-5 seconds, and expressed to a pick-up of 100 %.
The padding liquor contains the following ingredients:
18 g/1 of the dye of formula N
HQ l~H ~ \ -NHCHZCHzOCHZCHzSOzCH=CHz .-.
H C=CHSO -~/ ~~-N=N--~/ \~/~\~
z z \ / I II I
._.
\./~\.// \ 1 H03S~ S03H
g/1 of the formulation of Example 4, 5 g/1 of the graft polymer prepared according to Instruction 2 of European patent: application 111 454, as binder for the liquor, 2 g/1 of a dispersant, for example sulfonaphthalene/formaldehyde condensate, -15 - 134~g4~-3 g/1 of sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 70 ml/1 of water glass of 37-40° Be, and 18 ml/1 of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be.
The knitted fabric is atored at 20-30°C for 8 hours, during which time the dye is fixed.
The fabric is rapidly wetted .and deaerated by addition of the formulation of Example 4. A level and fast dyeing is obtained on the treated cotton.
Example C: A raw cotton yarn package is put into a circulation dyeing machine which contains 3 g/1 ~of an aqueous warm formulation of 30°C of the wetting agent obtained in Example 2.
The package is rapidly wetted through and deaerated by the strong wetting and deaerating action of the formulation and can be dyed in conventional manner, at a liquor ratio of 1:40, with a dye liquor comprising:
7 g/kg of a vat dye consisting of a mixture of Vat Blue 4 C.I. 69 800 and Vat Blue 6 C.I. 69 825 in the ratio 1:3, 2 g/1 of a fatty alk;~lbenzimidazole sulfonate, 9 g/1 of sodium hydrosulfit~e, and 25 ml/1 of 30 % aqueoua sodium hydroxide solution.
After homogeneous dispersion of the ingredients, the dye liquor is heated to 60°C over 30 minute, and t'he cotton yarn is dyed for 60 minutes at this temperature. The ;roods are then oxidised, soaped, rinsed and dried in conventional manner. The yarn package is rapidly wetted and completely deaerated by addition of the Formulation of Example 2, to give a uniform dye penetration of the package.
Example D: To bleach a raw cotton fabric, the substrate is padded at room temperature and for an immersion time of 3 to 5 seconds and expressed to a pick-up of 95 %. The bleaching bath contains the following ingredients:
134pgq.~
ml/1 of sodium silicate solution of 38° Be, 5 g/1 of the formulation of Example 11, 75 ml/1 of sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be, 60 ml/1 of hydrogen peroxide, and 5 g/1 of sodium persulfate.
The fabric is stored for 16 hours at 25-30°C and thereafter washed with hot and cold water and neutralised.
The addition of the wetting agent of Example 11 effects a homogeneous and complete wetting of th~~ fabric.
The uniformly bleached fabric so obtained has an enhanced degree of whiteness, from -72 to 47 measured by the CIBA-GEIGY Whiteness Scale, and the average degree of polymerisation of the cotton (DP) falls only from 2740 to 2530, and the degree of desizing according to TEGEWA is enhanced from rating 1 to rating 4.
After homogeneous dispersion of the ingredients, the dye liquor is heated to 60°C over 30 minute, and t'he cotton yarn is dyed for 60 minutes at this temperature. The ;roods are then oxidised, soaped, rinsed and dried in conventional manner. The yarn package is rapidly wetted and completely deaerated by addition of the Formulation of Example 2, to give a uniform dye penetration of the package.
Example D: To bleach a raw cotton fabric, the substrate is padded at room temperature and for an immersion time of 3 to 5 seconds and expressed to a pick-up of 95 %. The bleaching bath contains the following ingredients:
134pgq.~
ml/1 of sodium silicate solution of 38° Be, 5 g/1 of the formulation of Example 11, 75 ml/1 of sodium hydroxide solution of 36° Be, 60 ml/1 of hydrogen peroxide, and 5 g/1 of sodium persulfate.
The fabric is stored for 16 hours at 25-30°C and thereafter washed with hot and cold water and neutralised.
The addition of the wetting agent of Example 11 effects a homogeneous and complete wetting of th~~ fabric.
The uniformly bleached fabric so obtained has an enhanced degree of whiteness, from -72 to 47 measured by the CIBA-GEIGY Whiteness Scale, and the average degree of polymerisation of the cotton (DP) falls only from 2740 to 2530, and the degree of desizing according to TEGEWA is enhanced from rating 1 to rating 4.
Claims (8)
1. A composition for wetting capillary materials, which composition comprises at least (a) 10-60% by weight of a water-soluble nonionic surfactant (b) 2-10% by weight of a trialkyl ester of an aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid containing 4 to 8 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl moieties, and (c) 88-30% by weight of water.
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the trialkyl ester of an aliphatic hydroxytricarboxylic acid is tributyl citrate.
3. A composition according to any one of claims 1 and 2 which contains an anionic surfactant.
4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the anionic surfactant is a compound of formula R1 - O - ( CH2CH2O) m X1 wherein R1 is alkyl or alkenyl, each of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, X1 is carboxyalkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl moiety, and m is 2 to 30.
5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a fatty acid diethanolamide containing 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the fatty acid moiety.
6. A composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 5 which additionally contains an antifoam.
7. A composition according to claim 6, wherein the antifoam is a silicone oil-based antifoam.
8. A process for wetting hydrophobic capillary material, which comprises treating said material with a composition as defined in any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2852/88-1 | 1988-07-27 | ||
| CH285288 | 1988-07-27 | ||
| CH312188 | 1988-08-23 | ||
| CH3121/88-0 | 1988-08-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1340844C true CA1340844C (en) | 1999-12-07 |
Family
ID=25691566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000606553A Expired - Fee Related CA1340844C (en) | 1988-07-27 | 1989-07-25 | Composition for wetting hydrophobic capillary materials and the use thereof |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0356381B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0798144B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1340844C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE58908439D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001098470A (en) * | 1999-09-30 | 2001-04-10 | Teijin Ltd | Method for dyeing wholly aromatic polyamide fiber |
| ITMI20030202A1 (en) * | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-07 | Cuna Laura Della | WASHING DETERGENTS AND ADJUVANTS WITH HIGH ANTIODORANT EFFECT ON THE GARMENTS USED FOR WASHING EFFECT |
| JP6663721B2 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2020-03-13 | 松本油脂製薬株式会社 | Elastic fiber treatment agent and elastic fiber |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR694749A (en) * | 1929-06-25 | 1930-12-06 | Improvements relating to the coloring of materials | |
| US2676896A (en) * | 1951-02-28 | 1954-04-27 | Monsanto Chemicals | Treatment of textile materials with antistatic material product obtained thereby |
| GB856381A (en) * | 1956-04-04 | 1960-12-14 | Peters Leo | Improvements in and relating to the dyeing of keratinous or regenerated protein-fibres |
| GB898500A (en) * | 1959-07-16 | 1962-06-14 | Ciba Ltd | Improvements in dyeing nitrogenous fibres |
| DE1169410B (en) * | 1960-11-16 | 1964-05-06 | Benckiser Gmbh Joh A | Process to improve the tear resistance and the soft hand of fabrics impregnated with synthetic resins |
| FR1367877A (en) * | 1963-08-19 | 1964-07-24 | Clairol Inc | Method and composition for coloring hair |
| US3436250A (en) * | 1964-08-25 | 1969-04-01 | Asahi Chemical Ind | Method for retaining flame and soil resistances to fabrics |
| JPS4885882A (en) * | 1972-02-17 | 1973-11-13 | ||
| CS183666B2 (en) * | 1972-06-12 | 1978-07-31 | Kreussler Chem Fab | Dry-cleaning process |
| AU503020B2 (en) * | 1974-01-22 | 1979-08-23 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Textile finishing composition |
| CH587378B5 (en) * | 1975-03-14 | 1977-04-29 | Sandoz Ag | |
| DE2616695C3 (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1982-04-15 | Vsesojuznoe naučno-proizvodstvennoe ob"edinenie celljulozno-bumažnoj promyšlennosti, Leningrad | Agent based on dispersed cellulose for the treatment of cellulosic fibrous materials |
| DE2659705B2 (en) * | 1976-12-31 | 1979-10-18 | Faserwerke Huels Gmbh, 4370 Marl | Preparation for synthetic threads and fibers |
| ATE10646T1 (en) * | 1979-09-29 | 1984-12-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS. |
| GB2121071B (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1985-10-09 | Ferguson And Menzies Limited | Liquid soaps |
| JPS6036803A (en) * | 1983-08-05 | 1985-02-26 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Method of making sure residual water in heat transfer pipe |
-
1989
- 1989-07-18 DE DE58908439T patent/DE58908439D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-18 EP EP89810544A patent/EP0356381B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-25 CA CA000606553A patent/CA1340844C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-07-27 JP JP1192819A patent/JPH0798144B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0798144B2 (en) | 1995-10-25 |
| DE58908439D1 (en) | 1994-11-03 |
| EP0356381A1 (en) | 1990-02-28 |
| EP0356381B1 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
| JPH0299131A (en) | 1990-04-11 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |