CA1327739C - Process for making thixotropic detergent compositions - Google Patents
Process for making thixotropic detergent compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1327739C CA1327739C CA000488540A CA488540A CA1327739C CA 1327739 C CA1327739 C CA 1327739C CA 000488540 A CA000488540 A CA 000488540A CA 488540 A CA488540 A CA 488540A CA 1327739 C CA1327739 C CA 1327739C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- clay
- water
- alkali metal
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 alkali metal tripolyphosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003112 potassium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 101710194948 Protein phosphatase PhpP Proteins 0.000 description 21
- HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O HWGNBUXHKFFFIH-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100024133 Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100536354 Drosophila melanogaster tant gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000910772 Homo sapiens Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 50 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001163743 Perlodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;magnesium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] IXWIAFSBWGYQOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017066 negative regulation of growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O thiamine pyrophosphate Chemical compound CC1=C(CCOP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AYEKOFBPNLCAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I triphosphate(5-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
- C11D17/003—Colloidal solutions, e.g. gels; Thixotropic solutions or pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D3/06—Phosphates, including polyphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/02—Inorganic compounds ; Elemental compounds
- C11D3/12—Water-insoluble compounds
- C11D3/124—Silicon containing, e.g. silica, silex, quartz or glass beads
- C11D3/1246—Silicates, e.g. diatomaceous earth
- C11D3/1253—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite
- C11D3/1266—Layer silicates, e.g. talcum, kaolin, clay, bentonite, smectite, montmorillonite, hectorite or attapulgite in liquid compositions
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64048484A | 1984-08-13 | 1984-08-13 | |
| US640,484 | 1984-08-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1327739C true CA1327739C (en) | 1994-03-15 |
Family
ID=24568446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000488540A Expired - Fee Related CA1327739C (en) | 1984-08-13 | 1985-08-12 | Process for making thixotropic detergent compositions |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0672238B2 (en, 2012) |
| AT (1) | AT394387B (en, 2012) |
| AU (1) | AU581676B2 (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE903049A (en, 2012) |
| BR (1) | BR8503779A (en, 2012) |
| CA (1) | CA1327739C (en, 2012) |
| CH (1) | CH671773A5 (en, 2012) |
| DE (1) | DE3528163A1 (en, 2012) |
| DK (1) | DK349885A (en, 2012) |
| FI (1) | FI78729C (en, 2012) |
| FR (1) | FR2568889B1 (en, 2012) |
| GB (1) | GB2163447B (en, 2012) |
| GR (1) | GR851935B (en, 2012) |
| IT (1) | IT1184684B (en, 2012) |
| LU (1) | LU86040A1 (en, 2012) |
| NL (1) | NL8502241A (en, 2012) |
| NO (1) | NO165405C (en, 2012) |
| NZ (1) | NZ212921A (en, 2012) |
| SE (1) | SE8503773L (en, 2012) |
| ZA (1) | ZA855797B (en, 2012) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZA855799B (en) * | 1984-08-13 | 1987-03-25 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Detergent for automatic dishwasher |
| US4801395A (en) * | 1986-08-07 | 1989-01-31 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Thixotropic clay aqueous suspensions containing long chain saturated fatty acid stabilizers |
| EP0295093B1 (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1991-06-05 | Unilever Plc | Liquid machine dishwashing composition |
| CA1321115C (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1993-08-10 | Robert Corring | Gel detergent compositions |
| US5047167A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1991-09-10 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Clear viscoelastic detergent gel compositions containing alkyl polyglycosides |
| US5160448A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1992-11-03 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Gel detergent compositions containing a clay and a cross-linked polycarboxylic polymer |
| US4836948A (en) * | 1987-12-30 | 1989-06-06 | Lever Brothers Company | Viscoelastic gel detergent compositions |
| US4867896A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-09-19 | Lever Brothers Company | Cleaning compositions containing cross-linked polymeric thickeners and hypochlorite bleach |
| CN104080338A (zh) * | 2012-01-06 | 2014-10-01 | 普里科尔股份有限公司 | 电化学处理的营养液 |
| JP7138516B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2022-09-16 | ライオン株式会社 | 液体洗浄剤組成物及び液体洗浄剤組成物の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1495549A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1977-12-21 | Procter & Gamble | Scouring compositions |
| US4051055A (en) * | 1976-12-21 | 1977-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleansing compositions |
| US4264466A (en) * | 1980-02-14 | 1981-04-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Mulls containing chain structure clay suspension aids |
| DE3138425A1 (de) * | 1981-09-26 | 1983-04-14 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "verwendung eines pastoesen reinigers in geschirrspuelmaschinen" |
| AU552294B2 (en) * | 1982-01-18 | 1986-05-29 | Colgate-Palmolive Company, The | Thixotropic automatic dishwasher detergent gel |
| AU565792B2 (en) * | 1983-05-24 | 1987-10-01 | Colgate-Palmolive Pty. Ltd. | Automatic dishwasher composition |
-
1985
- 1985-07-30 NZ NZ212921A patent/NZ212921A/xx unknown
- 1985-07-31 ZA ZA855797A patent/ZA855797B/xx unknown
- 1985-08-01 DK DK349885A patent/DK349885A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-08-06 GR GR851935A patent/GR851935B/el unknown
- 1985-08-06 AU AU45800/85A patent/AU581676B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1985-08-06 DE DE19853528163 patent/DE3528163A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1985-08-08 IT IT48460/85A patent/IT1184684B/it active
- 1985-08-09 FR FR8512214A patent/FR2568889B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1985-08-09 BR BR8503779A patent/BR8503779A/pt unknown
- 1985-08-12 SE SE8503773A patent/SE8503773L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1985-08-12 FI FI853085A patent/FI78729C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-12 NO NO85853172A patent/NO165405C/no unknown
- 1985-08-12 LU LU86040A patent/LU86040A1/fr unknown
- 1985-08-12 CA CA000488540A patent/CA1327739C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1985-08-12 BE BE0/215456A patent/BE903049A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-13 GB GB08520264A patent/GB2163447B/en not_active Expired
- 1985-08-13 AT AT0235985A patent/AT394387B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-13 CH CH3483/85A patent/CH671773A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-13 JP JP60178475A patent/JPH0672238B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-08-13 NL NL8502241A patent/NL8502241A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2163447A (en) | 1986-02-26 |
| IT8548460A0 (it) | 1985-08-08 |
| CH671773A5 (en, 2012) | 1989-09-29 |
| FR2568889B1 (fr) | 1988-06-24 |
| ZA855797B (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| LU86040A1 (fr) | 1986-02-18 |
| NO165405C (no) | 1991-02-06 |
| FI78729C (fi) | 1989-09-11 |
| FI853085L (fi) | 1986-02-14 |
| DK349885D0 (da) | 1985-08-01 |
| FI853085A0 (fi) | 1985-08-12 |
| AT394387B (de) | 1992-03-25 |
| ATA235985A (de) | 1991-09-15 |
| DK349885A (da) | 1986-02-14 |
| FI78729B (fi) | 1989-05-31 |
| SE8503773D0 (sv) | 1985-08-12 |
| BE903049A (fr) | 1986-02-12 |
| NO165405B (no) | 1990-10-29 |
| IT1184684B (it) | 1987-10-28 |
| BR8503779A (pt) | 1986-05-20 |
| DE3528163A1 (de) | 1986-02-20 |
| FR2568889A1 (fr) | 1986-02-14 |
| SE8503773L (sv) | 1986-02-14 |
| GB2163447B (en) | 1988-06-08 |
| NO853172L (no) | 1986-02-14 |
| GR851935B (en, 2012) | 1985-12-13 |
| NL8502241A (nl) | 1986-03-03 |
| JPS61155500A (ja) | 1986-07-15 |
| AU4580085A (en) | 1986-02-20 |
| GB8520264D0 (en) | 1985-09-18 |
| NZ212921A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| AU581676B2 (en) | 1989-03-02 |
| JPH0672238B2 (ja) | 1994-09-14 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |