CA1311343C - Method for scrubbing pollutants from an exhaust gas stream - Google Patents
Method for scrubbing pollutants from an exhaust gas streamInfo
- Publication number
- CA1311343C CA1311343C CA000577455A CA577455A CA1311343C CA 1311343 C CA1311343 C CA 1311343C CA 000577455 A CA000577455 A CA 000577455A CA 577455 A CA577455 A CA 577455A CA 1311343 C CA1311343 C CA 1311343C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas stream
- slurry
- ash
- exhaust gas
- alkali
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 alka-line earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940091250 magnesium supplement Drugs 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010852 non-hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9763987A | 1987-09-16 | 1987-09-16 | |
| US097,639 | 1987-09-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1311343C true CA1311343C (en) | 1992-12-15 |
Family
ID=22264412
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000577455A Expired - Fee Related CA1311343C (en) | 1987-09-16 | 1988-09-15 | Method for scrubbing pollutants from an exhaust gas stream |
Country Status (28)
Families Citing this family (32)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04190831A (ja) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-09 | Hitachi Ltd | 炭酸ガス再資源化リサイクルシステム |
| IL103918A (en) * | 1992-11-29 | 1996-10-16 | Hamit Energy As | Method for reducing atmospheric pollution caused by SO2 |
| DE4441628C2 (de) * | 1994-11-23 | 1998-06-18 | Binker Materialschutz Gmbh | Verfahren zur Begasung eines Raumes |
| DE4441796A1 (de) * | 1994-11-24 | 1996-05-30 | Binker Materialschutz Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ableiten eines toxischen Gas-Luftgemisches aus einem Behandlungsraum |
| JP2004261658A (ja) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-24 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | 燃焼排ガス中の二酸化炭素の吸収固定化方法 |
| CN1309457C (zh) * | 2003-12-30 | 2007-04-11 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 金属中气体测试仪加热炉废气处理方法及其改进设备 |
| US9346684B2 (en) * | 2006-08-29 | 2016-05-24 | Yeda Research And Development Co., Ltd. | Methods and apparatuses for decreasing the CO2 concentration of a fluid |
| MX2009013821A (es) | 2007-06-28 | 2010-02-03 | Calera Corp | Metodos y sistemas de desalinizacion que incluyen la precipitacion de compuestos de carbonato. |
| US7753618B2 (en) | 2007-06-28 | 2010-07-13 | Calera Corporation | Rocks and aggregate, and methods of making and using the same |
| JP2012513944A (ja) | 2007-12-28 | 2012-06-21 | カレラ コーポレイション | Ｃｏ２を捕捉する方法 |
| US20100239467A1 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2010-09-23 | Brent Constantz | Methods and systems for utilizing waste sources of metal oxides |
| AU2009271304B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-08-15 | Eleryc, Inc. | Low-energy 4-cell electrochemical system with carbon dioxide gas |
| US8357270B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2013-01-22 | Calera Corporation | CO2 utilization in electrochemical systems |
| US7993500B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Gas diffusion anode and CO2 cathode electrolyte system |
| US7939336B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2011-05-10 | Calera Corporation | Compositions and methods using substances containing carbon |
| US7815880B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-10-19 | Calera Corporation | Reduced-carbon footprint concrete compositions |
| EP2200948A4 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-09-03 | Calera Corp | CO2 SEQUESTRATING BUILDING MATERIALS |
| US8869477B2 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2014-10-28 | Calera Corporation | Formed building materials |
| US9133581B2 (en) | 2008-10-31 | 2015-09-15 | Calera Corporation | Non-cementitious compositions comprising vaterite and methods thereof |
| WO2010093716A1 (en) | 2009-02-10 | 2010-08-19 | Calera Corporation | Low-voltage alkaline production using hydrogen and electrocatlytic electrodes |
| WO2010101953A1 (en) | 2009-03-02 | 2010-09-10 | Calera Corporation | Gas stream multi-pollutants control systems and methods |
| WO2010104989A1 (en) | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Calera Corporation | Systems and methods for processing co2 |
| US7993511B2 (en) | 2009-07-15 | 2011-08-09 | Calera Corporation | Electrochemical production of an alkaline solution using CO2 |
| US8864901B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-10-21 | Boral Ip Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited | Calcium sulfoaluminate cement-containing inorganic polymer compositions and methods of making same |
| CN105903326A (zh) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-08-31 | 广东龙正节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种生物质灰脱硫工艺 |
| CN106076106A (zh) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-11-09 | 山东大学 | 一种基于生物质灰的半干法脱硫脱硝系统及方法 |
| CN111545031A (zh) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-18 | 源洁科技股份有限公司 | 化石燃料污染物防治系统 |
| CN109746253A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-14 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | 冶金废渣协同处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的方法及装置 |
| JP7356251B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-01 | 2023-10-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ガス浄化処理および／または燃焼灰中和処理に係る装置および方法 |
| CN110064282A (zh) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-30 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种高效烟气消白方法及装置 |
| JP6683328B1 (ja) * | 2019-04-16 | 2020-04-15 | 株式会社福岡建設合材 | 二酸化炭素濃度の低減方法および二酸化炭素濃度の低減装置 |
| KR102306217B1 (ko) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-29 | 하이에어코리아 주식회사 | 배기가스 정화시스템과 정화방법 및 이를 포함하는 선박 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU7386A1 (ru) * | 1927-08-30 | 1928-12-31 | Н.Н. Емцов | Шарнирна роликова цепь-рейка |
| FR2205354A2 (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1974-05-31 | Rhone Progil | Hydrogen chloride removal from gaseous incinerator emissions - by reacting with alkaline flue dust |
| JPS5210659B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1973-04-09 | 1977-03-25 | ||
| US4002724A (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1977-01-11 | Mckie R Thomas | Sulfur dioxide collection |
| DE2642326A1 (de) * | 1976-09-21 | 1978-03-23 | Saarbergwerke Ag | Verfahren zum reinigen von rauchgasen |
| US4164547A (en) * | 1977-05-06 | 1979-08-14 | American Air Filter Company, Inc. | Process for removing sulfur dioxide in a wet scrubber |
| SU738645A1 (ru) * | 1977-06-01 | 1980-06-05 | Московский Ордена Ленина И Трудового Красного Знамени Химико-Технологический Институт Им.Д.И. Менделеева | Способ очистки отход щих газов от кислых компонентов |
| DE2802018A1 (de) * | 1978-01-18 | 1979-07-19 | Fink Gerdinand | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum waschen von rauchgas aus muellverbrennungsanlagen |
| US4228139A (en) * | 1979-03-06 | 1980-10-14 | Peabody Process System, Inc. | Flue gas scrubbing process using fly ash alkali |
| DE3137359A1 (de) * | 1981-09-19 | 1983-04-14 | Ekkehard Prof. Dr.-Ing. 4300 Essen Weber | "verfahren zur aufbereitung von abwaessern aus rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen" |
| DD213358A1 (de) * | 1983-02-07 | 1984-09-12 | Petrolchemisches Kombinat | Verfahren zur absorption von schwefeldioxid aus abgasen |
| DE3325140A1 (de) * | 1983-07-12 | 1985-01-31 | KABE Ingenierbüro GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | Verfahren zur reinigung von staub- und aerosolhaltigen gasen und/oder daempfen sowie anlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| DD247587A3 (de) * | 1983-11-03 | 1987-07-15 | Zittau Ing Hochschule | Bindung von schadstoffen aus abgasen kohlegefeuerter verbrennungsanlagen mittels asche |
| DE3538231A1 (de) * | 1985-10-24 | 1987-04-30 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren zur aufarbeitung von abfall-loesungen |
| FR2590805B1 (fr) * | 1985-12-02 | 1990-02-09 | Propiorga | Procede et installation de neutralisation de fumees acides provenant notamment de la combustion de residus |
-
1988
- 1988-08-29 NZ NZ225964A patent/NZ225964A/xx unknown
- 1988-09-04 RO RO135160A patent/RO103174B1/ro unknown
- 1988-09-09 DE DE3830812A patent/DE3830812A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-13 JP JP63227647A patent/JPH01148330A/ja active Pending
- 1988-09-13 PL PL27465188A patent/PL274651A1/xx unknown
- 1988-09-14 DD DD88319781A patent/DD273386A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-14 NL NL8802265A patent/NL8802265A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-14 KR KR1019880011833A patent/KR890004760A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-09-15 CA CA000577455A patent/CA1311343C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-15 ZA ZA886879A patent/ZA886879B/xx unknown
- 1988-09-15 BR BR8804771A patent/BR8804771A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-15 AU AU22302/88A patent/AU611478B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-09-15 CH CH3440/88A patent/CH676437A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-15 NO NO88884101A patent/NO884101L/no unknown
- 1988-09-15 IT IT67822/88A patent/IT1223827B/it active
- 1988-09-15 ES ES8802825A patent/ES2020810A6/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-15 AT AT0226888A patent/AT395543B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-15 DK DK513988A patent/DK170605B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-16 BG BG085445A patent/BG49822A3/xx unknown
- 1988-09-16 GR GR880100612A patent/GR1000575B/el unknown
- 1988-09-16 HU HU884890A patent/HU206642B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-16 CN CN88107168A patent/CN1013642B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-09-16 YU YU01752/88A patent/YU175288A/xx unknown
- 1988-09-16 FR FR888812145A patent/FR2620351B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-09-16 FI FI884278A patent/FI884278A7/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-09-16 GB GB8821734A patent/GB2210035B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-09-16 BE BE8801061A patent/BE1001118A5/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-09-16 SE SE8803286A patent/SE8803286L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
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