CA1270863A - Refractory material produced from red mud - Google Patents
Refractory material produced from red mudInfo
- Publication number
- CA1270863A CA1270863A CA000552914A CA552914A CA1270863A CA 1270863 A CA1270863 A CA 1270863A CA 000552914 A CA000552914 A CA 000552914A CA 552914 A CA552914 A CA 552914A CA 1270863 A CA1270863 A CA 1270863A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- product
- red mud
- mixture
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropanal Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=O IRPGOXJVTQTAAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminum fluoride Inorganic materials F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001483 soda nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000385654 Gymnothorax tile Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001647090 Ponca Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000341910 Vesta Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/66—Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
- C04B33/1322—Red mud
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B33/20—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches for dry-pressing
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
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- C04B35/62204—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products using waste materials or refuse
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- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
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- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
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- C04B2235/3222—Aluminates other than alumino-silicates, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4)
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- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3232—Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
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- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000552914A CA1270863A (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1987-11-26 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
| IN990DE1988 IN174242B (enExample) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-15 | |
| BR888806224A BR8806224A (pt) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-25 | Processo para producao de um material refratario,materiais refratarios resistentes a corrosao;e mistura adequada para ser moldada e queimada para formar um material refratario |
| DE8888311165T DE3879118D1 (de) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-25 | Feuerfestes material, hergestellt aus rotschlamm. |
| EP88311165A EP0318305B1 (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-25 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
| ES88311165T ES2053771T3 (es) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-25 | Material refractario producido a partir de barro rojo. |
| AU25917/88A AU616704B2 (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1988-11-25 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
| US07/636,749 US5106797A (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1991-01-02 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
| US07/744,956 US5149412A (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1991-08-14 | Electrolysis cell and refractory material therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000552914A CA1270863A (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1987-11-26 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1270863A true CA1270863A (en) | 1990-06-26 |
Family
ID=4136952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000552914A Expired - Fee Related CA1270863A (en) | 1987-11-26 | 1987-11-26 | Refractory material produced from red mud |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5106797A (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP0318305B1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU616704B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR8806224A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA1270863A (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE3879118D1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2053771T3 (enExample) |
| IN (1) | IN174242B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0399786A3 (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1992-05-27 | Alcan International Limited | Refractory linings capable of resisting sodium and sodium salts |
| US5227106A (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1993-07-13 | Tonawanda Coke Corporation | Process for making large size cast monolithic refractory repair modules suitable for use in a coke oven repair |
| US5314599A (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-05-24 | Alcan International Limited | Barrier layer against fluoride diffusion in linings of aluminum reduction cells |
| DE4233015C1 (de) * | 1992-10-01 | 1993-10-28 | Veitscher Magnesitwerke Ag | Bindemittel für keramische Massen |
| ES2099033B1 (es) * | 1995-09-19 | 1998-02-16 | Univ Santiago Compostela | Procedimiento para la obtencion de bloques ceramicos acumuladores de calor a partir de barros rojos del proceso bayer. |
| DE19722788A1 (de) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Segl | Bodenauskleidung einer Aluminiumelektrolysezelle |
| KR100284110B1 (ko) * | 1998-07-28 | 2001-04-02 | 김호성 | 산업부산물(폐기물)을주재로한인공어초의제조방법 |
| JP2000051848A (ja) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-02-22 | Nippon Denshi Keiraku Kenkokai:Kk | セラミック粉末、糸、布地、成形品、水質改良剤、及び土壌改良剤 |
| KR100365866B1 (ko) * | 2000-02-28 | 2003-01-09 | (주)서홍엔지니어링건축사사 | 뿜칠 내화 피복재의 제조 방법 |
| WO2007092914A2 (en) | 2006-02-09 | 2007-08-16 | Alcoa Inc. | Methods, apparatus and systems for polishing wastewater utilizing natural media filtration |
| US20100276360A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2010-11-04 | Alcoa Inc. | Methods, apparatus and systems for polishing wastewater utilizing natural media filtration |
| AU2011267932B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2015-09-17 | Arconic Inc. | Wastewater treatment system and method for removal of contaminants via mixed metal oxide beds |
| CA2829049C (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2014-12-02 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials |
| WO2012149642A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2012-11-08 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores |
| EP2714594A4 (en) | 2011-06-03 | 2015-05-20 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HEMATITE |
| IN2014DN03007A (enExample) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-05-08 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | |
| WO2013104059A1 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-18 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
| EP2838848B1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2019-05-08 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating fly ashes |
| BR112015000626A2 (pt) | 2012-07-12 | 2017-06-27 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | processos para preparação de óxido de titânio e outros produtos variados |
| US9353425B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2016-05-31 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials |
| BR112015011049A2 (pt) | 2012-11-14 | 2017-07-11 | Orbite Aluminae Inc | métodos para purificação de íons de alumínio |
| EP2943442A4 (en) | 2013-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | Alcoa Inc | Wastewater treatment systems and methods |
| GB201522152D0 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-01-27 | Purgo Ltd | Improvements in and relating to waste treatment |
| CN111635249A (zh) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-09-08 | 青岛海湾科技产业研究院有限公司 | 一种轻质高强度陶粒及其制备方法 |
| CN112521180A (zh) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-03-19 | 深圳市宏通新材料有限公司 | 赤泥陶瓷产品的制作方法 |
| CN113087516B (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-07-22 | 重庆上甲电子股份有限公司 | 利用工业废弃物制备锰锌铁氧体的低温烧结方法 |
| CN120309327B (zh) * | 2025-06-12 | 2025-08-26 | 福建省德化新凯丰陶瓷有限公司 | 一种高耐腐的环保陶瓷及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2063028C3 (de) * | 1970-12-22 | 1977-04-14 | Giulini Gmbh Geb | Verfahren zur herstellung von ziegeln aus rotschlamm |
| DE2150677A1 (de) * | 1971-10-12 | 1973-04-19 | Giulini Gmbh Geb | Verfahren zur herstellung von ziegeln aus rotschlamm |
| US3879211A (en) * | 1973-06-14 | 1975-04-22 | Joseph M Klotz | Ceramic product and method of making same |
| US3985567A (en) * | 1974-09-18 | 1976-10-12 | University Of Guyana | Method of treating bauxite waste red mud with acid and making construction bricks from the treated material |
| US4368273A (en) * | 1979-12-07 | 1983-01-11 | Chemokomplex Vegyipari Gep-Es Berendezes Export-Import Vallalat | Process for the utilization in the ceramics industry of red mud from alumina plants |
-
1987
- 1987-11-26 CA CA000552914A patent/CA1270863A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1988
- 1988-11-15 IN IN990DE1988 patent/IN174242B/en unknown
- 1988-11-25 BR BR888806224A patent/BR8806224A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-11-25 EP EP88311165A patent/EP0318305B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-25 AU AU25917/88A patent/AU616704B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-11-25 ES ES88311165T patent/ES2053771T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-25 DE DE8888311165T patent/DE3879118D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-01-02 US US07/636,749 patent/US5106797A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2591788A (en) | 1989-06-01 |
| BR8806224A (pt) | 1989-08-15 |
| DE3879118D1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
| EP0318305A3 (en) | 1990-05-23 |
| US5106797A (en) | 1992-04-21 |
| EP0318305B1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
| AU616704B2 (en) | 1991-11-07 |
| IN174242B (enExample) | 1994-10-22 |
| ES2053771T3 (es) | 1994-08-01 |
| EP0318305A2 (en) | 1989-05-31 |
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