CA1262403A - Fabric system with biased filling - Google Patents
Fabric system with biased fillingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1262403A CA1262403A CA000439935A CA439935A CA1262403A CA 1262403 A CA1262403 A CA 1262403A CA 000439935 A CA000439935 A CA 000439935A CA 439935 A CA439935 A CA 439935A CA 1262403 A CA1262403 A CA 1262403A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- filling
- layer
- diagonal
- yarns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
- D04B21/165—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads with yarns stitched through one or more layers or tows, e.g. stitch-bonded fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B23/00—Flat warp knitting machines
- D04B23/10—Flat warp knitting machines for knitting through thread, fleece, or fabric layers, or around elongated core material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B27/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, warp knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
- D04B27/10—Devices for supplying, feeding, or guiding threads to needles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
- D04B35/34—Devices for cutting knitted fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
- D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
Abstract
Title: FABRIC SYSTEM WITH BIASED FILLING
Abstract of the Disclosure:
The present invention teaches a fabric "system"
comprised of a novel family of fabrics, novel methods of producing these fabrics, and novel apparatus employed in the production of these fabrics. More specifically, a significant advance over conventional stitch-through methods of producing fabrics having a "filling" yarn element is taught, wherein diagonal or biased-extending filling elements provide new aesthetic effects and multi-dimensional stability not previously known with this category of fabric. The systems contemplated by the present invention include provisions for two, three and more carriages functioning at transverse as well as one or more diagonal directions with respect to the machine direction, in each case such functioning occurring during a single machine pass.
Abstract of the Disclosure:
The present invention teaches a fabric "system"
comprised of a novel family of fabrics, novel methods of producing these fabrics, and novel apparatus employed in the production of these fabrics. More specifically, a significant advance over conventional stitch-through methods of producing fabrics having a "filling" yarn element is taught, wherein diagonal or biased-extending filling elements provide new aesthetic effects and multi-dimensional stability not previously known with this category of fabric. The systems contemplated by the present invention include provisions for two, three and more carriages functioning at transverse as well as one or more diagonal directions with respect to the machine direction, in each case such functioning occurring during a single machine pass.
Description
FABRIC SYSTEM ~JITIl BIAS~;D FILLtNG
The present i~vention relates to stitch-through-type fabrics, their methods of produrtlorl, and the apparatus or means by which they are produced. More speciFically, this invenLion relates to stltch-throuyh and Malimo-type fabrlcs having at least one filling yarn element, and to a family of such f~brics ilaving appearances and characteristics never achieved previousIy.
Conventional stitch-through and Malimo-type methods of producing fabrics include inserting a filling layer by means oF s carriage mechanism, whereby the filling yarn or thread extends at acute angles in transverse directions~ and wherein the locus of points along a line bisectiny these acute angles extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the machine or longitudinal direction of fabric movement through the machine.
I~ is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for producing a novel fabric, wherein said locus of points along a line bisecting the acute angles of the filling yarn extends at a predetermined biased or diagonal angle preferrably substantially forty fi~e degrees (45) with respect to said machine direction. Angles other than 45 are expressly contemplated with the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Stated differently, assuming a reference line ~hich extends perpendicularly with respect to the rnachlne direction, said locus of points extends substantially 45 with respect to the reference line as well. Given, by way of exarnple only and without limitation or prejudice, an angle of ~' ~ J ~
said locus of points equal to ~0 wlth respect to sald reference line, sald arlgle of said ~OCUS of points wlll be 60D with respect to the machine direction.
Another obJect is to provlde a novel fabric "system" as descrlbed above, whLrein nr-w aesthetic effects not prevlously exlsting or capable of being produced on a mass production basls are eapable o~ production at desirable machine speeds.
A further object is to provide a fabric system with greatly enhanced drapability characteristics in which the direction of fllling yarns serves to augment rather than retard desirable drapability.
Stlll another objec~t is to provide a fabric system in which filling yarns themselves extend in diayonal or biased directions with respect to rnachine direction, as opposed to corlventiollal "illusions" of diagonal designs.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide such a system, wherein rnulti-directional stability not previously attainable. New directional tensile strengths in addition to the normal prirnary two-dlmensional strengths known in ~r31irno fabrics, for example, are attainable with the present fabric system.
Another object is to provide a fabric which includes a biased or diagonal filling layer stitched by a binder yarn elernent, absent a warp and backing or substratum layers, the stitch binder preferably but not being limited to a chain-type stitching Still another object is to provide a biased or diayonal filllng layer in a Fabric syste~, plus a warp yarn and tricot stitch knit or bin(ler element.
A further ob~ject is to provide a fabric system, as above, with one or more predeterinlrled or desired substrrltum ur backing elements which may inclucie, but not neeessclrlly be limited t~, wovens, kn~ts, Malimo-types, and non-wovens of a variety of types.
Still a further object i5 to provide a Fabric system or structure, as above, wherein specific Malimù-type fabrics are used as substratums or backings. These may include Malimo-type construstlons of warp, filling and tricot binder fe~ beneath a biased or diagonal filling layer, thereby providing a fabric with the warp element layer intermediate the biased or diagonal filling layer and the normal Malimo-type filling layer, or with the warp ele~ent layer underneath the normal filling layer such that the biased or diagonal filling layer and the normal filling layer are adjacent one another.
Anothr?r object is to provide a fabrie system and structure, as above, wherein the finished fabric includes a transverse filling layer as well as at least one biased or diagonal filling layer, these filling layers being lleld in a stitch-bonded unitary structure by means of a single set of stitching yarns added in a single step or pass.
A further object is to provide a fabric system and structure, as above, whereirl the Finished fabric includes a first layer of trarl~erse filling yarns, a first biased or diagonal layer of filllrlg yarns, a second layer of transverse filling yarrns substaflt3al1y adjacent the first transverse fllliny yarn layer, a second blased or diagonal layr-r of filling yarns substantiblly adjacent said second transverse filling yarn layer, ~hese layers beillg held ln a stitrh-borlded unltary structure by means of two sets of stitchlrlg yarns added in t~o steps or passes.
Yet another object is to provide a fabric system and structure, as above, wherein the finished fabric includes a First layer of transverse filling yarns, a first biased or diagonal layer oF filling yarns, a second biased or diagonal layer of fiLling yarns substantially adjacent said second biased or diagonal layer of filling yarns, these layers being held in a stitch-bonded unitary structure by means of a single set of stitching yarns added in a single step or pass, the aforesaid layers of biased or diagonal filling yarns extending at predetermined angles with respect to each other including, without limitation, 90 degrees.
Another object ir)cllldes provision of a family of fabrics having twill, triaxially strong, more isotropic and other appearances and characteristics not previously available from stitch-through apparatus including what is sometirnes refefred to as Malirno machinery. This invention is not to be limited to the specific rdiayonal angles illustrated for purposes of presenting examples, but rather it is contemplated to provide a variety of diagonal angles that will yield predetermined and desired prGperties and appearances. Industrial fahrics produced arcorolng to the pre~ser-t ~nvention can be designed to exhiblt desir~ble strel)gth in directions o~ angled Filling layers.
Further objects include the provision of Fabrlc systems and structures whereln no~el mrthods are employed to produce the varlety of fabrlcs contemplated by the present lrl~entlonl as well as novel apparatus capable oF carryiny out the novel methods, as will be suggested and is set forth belo~.
Other ob~jects include provision of Fabric systems and lC structures wherein biased or diagonal plus Malimo-type filling layers are stitched together; Malimo-type Filliny chain-stitched to a non-woven layer is, as a substratum, Fed beneath and stitched to a biased or diagonal Filling layer, etc.
rhe foregoing objects are accomplished with the present invention, as described below in connection with the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation illustrating the directions of Malimo filling yarn elements in the conventional systems;
20Fig. 2A is a schematic representation of the type oF
Fig. 1, but illustrating the biased or diagonal Filling yarn elements and their directions according to the prèsent invention;
Fig. ?B is a schematic type view oF a preferred filling insertion carriage mecharlism asselnbly capable of producing the novel fabric system and family r~F structures according to the present invention; and F-ig. 3 is a partial frayrrlentary schematic plan view of an e,nhodiment of the present invention in which a slrlgle filling insertion carriage rnechanlsm assembly IS Illustrated;
Fir~. 4 is an enl.lrqed partlal fragmerltary plan view of a portiorl of the asstwnbly shown in Fig. 3;
F1~. 5 is an enl ar;7ed p ar t1a1 ;~rspectve ~ of a portlon of Ihe asselnbly shown in Fig. 3;
~ ig. 6 is a partial sectional elevatiorlal view taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is a partial sectional plan view taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a partial sectional elevational view taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 3;
Fiy. 9 is an elarged partial sectiona~ plan view taken lS along line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a partial sectional elevational view of an ernbodiment of the present invention associated with controlling filling yarn placement;
Fig. 11 is a partial sectional elevational view taken 20 along line 11-11 of Fig. 3, Fig. 12 is an enlarged partial sectional elevational view taken along line 12-12 of Fig. 11;
: Fig. 13 is a partial schematic plan view of an alternate preferred ernbodirnent of the present invention in ~hich two filling insertion carriage assernblies are shown, one reclprocable in transverse directions with respect to the machine di~ectlon, anci t:he other reclprocable at approximately 45 degrees with l`eSpeCt thereto;
Fig. 14 is a partlal sectional elevational view taken along line 14-14 of Fi(~. 13;
Flq. 15 is an rn~srged partlal fragmentary plan Yiew of a portion of a hook chHin and its elements;
Fig. 16 is a perspective Yiew of one embodiment of a hook element of the type utilized in association with a hook chain of Fig. 15;
Fig. 17 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a hook element of the type shown in Fig. 16;
Fig. 18 is a perspective view of stili another embodiment of a hook element of the type shown in Fig. 17;
Fig. 19 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portion of fabric according to the present invention which is capable of being produced with the apparatus of Fig. 13, and which includes a transverse filling layer, a diayonal filling layer, a backing or third layer, and rows of stitching yarn represented by longitudinal broken lines extending in the machine direction;
Fig. 20 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectlonal elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 19 taken along line 20-20 Df Fig. 19;
rig. 21 i~ a partlal fragrnentary enlarged schematic plan view or rcpreserltatlon o~ a portlon of fabric aocording to tlle preserlt lnver.tion which is capat)le of being produced wlth the apparatus of Fig. 13, simllar to the fabric of Fig. 19, but 5 without a backing or thi~d la~e~;
Fig. 22 is ao enlaryed partlal Fragrnentary sectional elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 21 taken alorlg line 22-22 of Fig. 21.
Fig. 23 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portlon of fabric according to the present inventiun which i5 capable of being produced with the apparatus of Fig. 13, and which includes a transverse Filling layer, a first diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the transverse filling layer, a second diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the first diagonal filling layer, and rows of stitching yarn stitched through these layers during a single step or pass;
Fig. 24 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectional elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 23 taken along line 24-24 of Fig. 23;
Fig. 25 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portion of fabrir according to the present invention which is capable of being produced with the apparatus oF either Fig. 13 or Fig. 3, and which includes a first transverse filling layer, a first diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the first transverse filling layer, both such layers createo during the first of two stitching steps or passes~ a seconcl trar)sverse Filling layer substarltlally adjacent ur on top oF the F~rst stltched transveFse filling layer, a sccorld diagorlal filllng layer substantially adjacent or nn top oF thc aicorld trallsverse Filling layer, these second la~ers stitched in a second pass to the already stitched first layers, the secor1d diagonal fllling layer exter-lding at approximately 90 degrees with respect to the first to provide what applicant sornetimes refers to as a "crossroads" aesthetic effect similar in some respects to the appearance oF the fabric oF Fig. 23; and Fig. 26 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectianal elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 25 taken along line 26-26 oF Fig. 25.
~efore referring in detail to the drawings, it must be emphasized here that the specific and limited examples of the system invention set forth in this specification are not to be construed as being limited to what is shown and described.
Rather, the reader must appreciate that a host of Fabrics having a dlagonal filling layer are contemplated, with or without a 2û transverse filling layer, with or without a backing layer, with or without a second diagonal filling layer, and so Forth. In all cases applicants are not aware of any prior art that anticipate this inven'ion. I- is not belieYed that U.S. P~tents ,Nos.
3,814,669; 3,761345; and 3,557,268 teach the noYel fabrics, ayparatus or met~ods oF the present inYention.
RrFer~ g now to the drawir~gs, whtrriil simiIar reference characters represtnt slrnilalr elements throuyhout the sevrral views, F19. 1 il1ustrates in scherncltlc form the i~pproximate relative d1rectinr1s of fi~ lg yarns or thrrads 12 in a convent1Dna1 Malllno-t~pe rni1chlrle, wherein a filling carrla~1e assembly shown in phantom out1~ne ànd 1dentifled by reference character 14, by rnoving ln back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b, deposits the filling yarns 12 upon hooks of fllling chains (not shown) which extend in the direction of reference lines 16 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2A illustrates in a similar type view the approximate relative directions of filling yarns or threads 12 when a novel fabric is produced in accordance with the present invention by means of biased filling carriage assembly 18.
Assembly 18 moves in back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b which, themselves, are along a reference line "R" which extends 45 degrees with respect to the rnachine direction. In the cases of both Figs. 1 and 2A, the machine directiorl is illustrated by an arrow 20, while the aforesaid refererlce line is illustrated by character 22.
Fig. 2B illustrates in schematic form a mechanism or apparatus 24 wherein encircled numbers correspond to fillir19 carriage rnecbanism 1 which is supported for reciprocal movernent along slide rods 2 between opposing filling chains 3 by means of a driven subasseli1bly with jack shafts 4 which, in turn, drive beveled gears 5. Reference line 22 is sho~n in Fig. 2B to orient the reader and to iilustrate thr angle of the directiorls of movement of the carriage mechallism 1 wlth respect to this refererlce llne~
Flg. 3, in a bit more detall and ln sc)rnewhat less schematic fashion, illustrates the arrangement of apparcltu3 ac~r~rdlng to the present invention shown in Fig. 2B. A biased or diagonal filling carriage assen,bly 30~ shown in Fig. 3 as part of overall fabric-system 28, includes a carriage 32 having upper and lower filling yarn guide plates 34 and 36 each formed with through holes or openings 38 adapted to receive and comfortably guide a plurality of filling yarns of predetermined and desired type, color, thickness, etc. Carriage 32 travels in back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b in Fig. 3 along a path that, in this embodiment, is substantially 45 degrees with respect to the overall machine direction. Carriage 32 is guided along this path with the assistance of supporting carriage guide rails 40 which, as perhaps better seen in Flgs. 4, 5 and 6, serve as relatively rigid diagonal supporting members against which sleeve-type bearings 42 held by guide brackets 44 slide in a relatively low-friction manner.
Carriage assembly 30 is further equiped with a separator roller 46 disposed sornewhat centrally beneath lower yarn guide plates 36, such that filling yarns 48 which enter and extend through openings 38 in upper and lower guide plates 34 and 36 are separated before entering through-holes 50 in a filling yarn guide bars or reeds 52 ~resser feet 60 are located below and offset at either side Df separator roller 46, and are supported at the ends of and by means of gearecl rack members or racks 54 which thenielves extend vertically and ln contact with a plnion control gear 56 best sefn in Flg. 7 ;uppf)rted by shaft 580 Alterrlailng clockwlse and co~Jnter-clockwlse rotation of shaft 58 S during Ihe aforesaid back-and-fnrth moYements of cal~rlage assembly 30 rre;ults in relatlve movernent between pinion gear 56 rack mernbers S4 to which presser feet 6D are secured, thereby enabling proper laying of the diagonal filling layer of yarns 48 and their engagement with and being held by hook chain assemblies G2 and 84 with the aid of cam and follower means, described in more detail below.
Carriage assembly 30 further includes a carriage presser foot cam follower in the form of a generally cylindrical rod 64 which extends outwardly from carriage 32. Rod 64 comes into contact with and rides up upon a ramp 66 formed upon a carriage presser foot cam plate 68 secured to frame'70. As and when diagonal carriage assernbly 30 approaches the end of each diayonal traversing stroke or pass, cam follower rod comes into contact with and rides upon ramp 66 of cam plate 68, thereby causiny relative movement and meshing between gear surfaces formed in rack mernbers 54 and pinion gear 56. The result is reliable:holding of yarns 48 by hook chain assemblies 62 and 84 at each side.
The diagonal back-and-forth movements of diayonal carriage asseinbly 3û are caused by driving ~neans which inciude a toothed drive belt 72 which cooperates with and is driven by driving and idling gear assemblies 74. Drive belt 72 7S continuous and its r ?
trnsinn 1~ adjus~a,ile by rn~ans of a turnbuckle typr assemb1y 76 havirlg a brackft 78 formed with 1e(3s 80 tnrouyh which clamp mllnbtrs BZ arlJu taoly rxterld. Since asselrlbly 76 IS hrld 1ntegral with carriage 32 (F1g. 5), reliprocRtlrlg rnovcnlents oF be]t 72 reslJIt in lik~ mnvemcnts o~ the calr1age. Powrr is transm1tted f`rom thr m.3ir-l sha~t (n[)t shown) oF the st1tch-th~ough rnachine of whlch the ~)re.lr~t 1nverl~1orl is part, arld plt~det~rmLned and selectcd gearillg of SlJCh powcr to dr1Yr the Inov~lnrrlts of c3rriage assembly 3n al~e included. The addit1orla1 10ads attributable to thE movrrnerlts oF diagonal carriage assemb1y 30 are provided by the necessary horsepower of the stitch-through machine motor.
ReFerence to Fig. 3 of the drawings will illustrate the fact that~ for the embodiment of the inventiDn shown (not for all embodiments), hook chain assembly 84 extends considerably farther from the machine work ~one where stitching occurs than does assembly 62. This accommodates singl~ diagonal carriage 30 which extends at an angle, and power is taken from the main drive and a bullgear, which deterrnines the stroke.
By way of example only, the embodiment of Fig. 3 includes provision of a backing or support faorir 86 that is fed to the work zone from a supply roll B8, shown schematically in Fig. 8.
Backing fabric 86 may be of a variety of rnaterials such as, without limitation, a non-i~oven fabric. It is fed from roll 88 over a guide roller 92 shown in Fig. 8 to a second guide rrlll 94 which, with an optional entry point nip control roller 90, holds the backing fabric 86 and a diagonal filling layer ~hich has been deposited upon fabric 86 by carria~e assenbly 30 therebetween, whereupon the combination descends to the stitching area where the two are stitch~bound together into a unitary fabric. This rnovement is caused by controlled rnovement of chain hooks on hook racks which make up chain hook assernblies 62 and 84. It is contemplated by the present invention to have one or more, and any number of dispositions of~ chain drive ~sprocl<eted) Follers ~hich, wlth the idler rnllers~ d~ive and guide the chains over sprocketed rollers 96, 98, 100 and 102. The arrows in Fig. 8 are meant to illustrate the direction oF nnovement of the chains (and hooks) and the fabrlc carried thereby.
rhe rhain/hook a~scmblies include and are made up of many coopcrcltive hook links 104 which, themselves, include one or mo~e (preferably a plurcllity) pin members 106 of predetermlned slze and con~guration. These huok links 104 serve as links in a relatively continuous chain about the chain rollers, and whose pin members 106 hold the selvage loops 110 of the filLing yarn during manufacture of the finished fabric. A feature of the embodiment oF the present i~ventiorl illustrated in Fig. 8, for example, includes a predetermined orientation of the pin members 1û6 associated with the links 104 of each of chain assemblies 62 and 84, as illustrated.
Fig. 9 illustrates a hook link 104 associated with shorter chain assembly 62, for example, as including pin members 106 oriented such that their free ends 108 face the direction in which the finished fabric is taken off the apparatus. Chain -links 112 are shown in Fig. 9. Because of this orientation, depinning the fabric, or removing the fabric from pins 106 at assembly 62 is accomplished by cutting off a selvage 120 using a 14 - .
rotary kn~Fe 114 driven by rnotor 116.
On the opposite side of the finished fabric, on the other hand, where the chain assembly is longer, and where the free ends 11a of pin rnembers 122 are oriented in a direct~on away frorn the direction of travel of the fin~shed fabric as it is moving awa~ from the work zone~ a loop relcase plate 124~ shown in Fig. 11, en9l9es loops 110 of filling yarns 48 such that the loops are simply urged by this inte~fe~erlce ovEr ar-d free of the pin ends 118. There is no cut selvage on the longer Side of the finished composite, unitary fabric 126 being removed from chain assembly 84 over ~oller 128.
, . . . . _ . . . .
Fig. 10 illustrates an optlonal, but unnecessary, feature provided by this embodiment of tne present invention. An arrangement 136 is provided which is calculated to hold the combination of diagonal fllling yarns and the backing layer substantially motionless wlth respect to one another so as to accurately control the disposition of the filling yarns on the backing layer in one or more predetermined configurations. hn apron 130 is provided which extends continùously around optional nip control rol],er 90 at an upper extremity, and around an idling member 132 at its lower extremity, as well as in contact with the diagonal filling yarns contacting the backing layer. A support plate 134 is located such that the components to ~e stltched are held motionless with respect to one another once they engage the apron and fro~ that point until they reach the ~rea of stitching.
The linear speed of the apron is a function of the linear speed of the backing l,ayer.
Referring now to Figs. 13-18 of the drawings, yet ar,other prefcrlcd embodiment 150 of the present invention is illustrated wherein a stitch-through machine is equipped with two filling carriage assemblies 152 and 154, the former being movable in back-and-forth transverse directions best illustrated by the ~ 3~
arrows 156, ao(i tile latter beiny movable In back-and-Forth dIagonal directlons best illustrated by the arrows 158, respectively. In this emlbodiment, each carriage assernbly 152 and 154 is driven Lndependently and its movements are independently adjustable and programm~ble at the option of the user such that, by way of example only and without limitation, each may be moved at diffrrent and varilbIe rates of speed. Primary power is carried from the main rnachine drive.
~ittl the ernbDdiment of the invention il;lustrated in Figs. 13-18, a fabric can be created with one or rnore transverse filling layers as well as one or more diagonal filling layers1 giving the finished fabric an inherent multidirectional st~ength ~ithout the need for backing or supporting layers, although desired applications where a backing layer is sought is easily provided for. Where more than one diagonal filling layer is desired, the user has the choice of either a multiple pass using the apparatus of Fig. 13, or incorporating a third Filling carriage extending diagonally in any desired angle such as, without limitation, substantially 90 degrees with respect to the directions of arrows 158.
In the Latter case, a single stitching operation yields a fabric illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24, wherein a layer of first diagonal filling yarns 160 extend substantially 90 degrees with respect tb a layer thereon of second diagonal filling yarns 162, both diagonal filling layer yarns being disposed atop a layer of transverse filling layer yarns 164, with the combination being stitch-bound during a single stitching operation or pass
The present i~vention relates to stitch-through-type fabrics, their methods of produrtlorl, and the apparatus or means by which they are produced. More speciFically, this invenLion relates to stltch-throuyh and Malimo-type fabrlcs having at least one filling yarn element, and to a family of such f~brics ilaving appearances and characteristics never achieved previousIy.
Conventional stitch-through and Malimo-type methods of producing fabrics include inserting a filling layer by means oF s carriage mechanism, whereby the filling yarn or thread extends at acute angles in transverse directions~ and wherein the locus of points along a line bisectiny these acute angles extends substantially perpendicularly with respect to the machine or longitudinal direction of fabric movement through the machine.
I~ is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for producing a novel fabric, wherein said locus of points along a line bisecting the acute angles of the filling yarn extends at a predetermined biased or diagonal angle preferrably substantially forty fi~e degrees (45) with respect to said machine direction. Angles other than 45 are expressly contemplated with the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Stated differently, assuming a reference line ~hich extends perpendicularly with respect to the rnachlne direction, said locus of points extends substantially 45 with respect to the reference line as well. Given, by way of exarnple only and without limitation or prejudice, an angle of ~' ~ J ~
said locus of points equal to ~0 wlth respect to sald reference line, sald arlgle of said ~OCUS of points wlll be 60D with respect to the machine direction.
Another obJect is to provlde a novel fabric "system" as descrlbed above, whLrein nr-w aesthetic effects not prevlously exlsting or capable of being produced on a mass production basls are eapable o~ production at desirable machine speeds.
A further object is to provide a fabric system with greatly enhanced drapability characteristics in which the direction of fllling yarns serves to augment rather than retard desirable drapability.
Stlll another objec~t is to provide a fabric system in which filling yarns themselves extend in diayonal or biased directions with respect to rnachine direction, as opposed to corlventiollal "illusions" of diagonal designs.
Yet a further object of this invention is to provide such a system, wherein rnulti-directional stability not previously attainable. New directional tensile strengths in addition to the normal prirnary two-dlmensional strengths known in ~r31irno fabrics, for example, are attainable with the present fabric system.
Another object is to provide a fabric which includes a biased or diagonal filling layer stitched by a binder yarn elernent, absent a warp and backing or substratum layers, the stitch binder preferably but not being limited to a chain-type stitching Still another object is to provide a biased or diayonal filllng layer in a Fabric syste~, plus a warp yarn and tricot stitch knit or bin(ler element.
A further ob~ject is to provide a fabric system, as above, with one or more predeterinlrled or desired substrrltum ur backing elements which may inclucie, but not neeessclrlly be limited t~, wovens, kn~ts, Malimo-types, and non-wovens of a variety of types.
Still a further object i5 to provide a Fabric system or structure, as above, wherein specific Malimù-type fabrics are used as substratums or backings. These may include Malimo-type construstlons of warp, filling and tricot binder fe~ beneath a biased or diagonal filling layer, thereby providing a fabric with the warp element layer intermediate the biased or diagonal filling layer and the normal Malimo-type filling layer, or with the warp ele~ent layer underneath the normal filling layer such that the biased or diagonal filling layer and the normal filling layer are adjacent one another.
Anothr?r object is to provide a fabrie system and structure, as above, wherein the finished fabric includes a transverse filling layer as well as at least one biased or diagonal filling layer, these filling layers being lleld in a stitch-bonded unitary structure by means of a single set of stitching yarns added in a single step or pass.
A further object is to provide a fabric system and structure, as above, whereirl the Finished fabric includes a first layer of trarl~erse filling yarns, a first biased or diagonal layer of filllrlg yarns, a second layer of transverse filling yarrns substaflt3al1y adjacent the first transverse fllliny yarn layer, a second blased or diagonal layr-r of filling yarns substantiblly adjacent said second transverse filling yarn layer, ~hese layers beillg held ln a stitrh-borlded unltary structure by means of two sets of stitchlrlg yarns added in t~o steps or passes.
Yet another object is to provide a fabric system and structure, as above, wherein the finished fabric includes a First layer of transverse filling yarns, a first biased or diagonal layer oF filling yarns, a second biased or diagonal layer of fiLling yarns substantially adjacent said second biased or diagonal layer of filling yarns, these layers being held in a stitch-bonded unitary structure by means of a single set of stitching yarns added in a single step or pass, the aforesaid layers of biased or diagonal filling yarns extending at predetermined angles with respect to each other including, without limitation, 90 degrees.
Another object ir)cllldes provision of a family of fabrics having twill, triaxially strong, more isotropic and other appearances and characteristics not previously available from stitch-through apparatus including what is sometirnes refefred to as Malirno machinery. This invention is not to be limited to the specific rdiayonal angles illustrated for purposes of presenting examples, but rather it is contemplated to provide a variety of diagonal angles that will yield predetermined and desired prGperties and appearances. Industrial fahrics produced arcorolng to the pre~ser-t ~nvention can be designed to exhiblt desir~ble strel)gth in directions o~ angled Filling layers.
Further objects include the provision of Fabrlc systems and structures whereln no~el mrthods are employed to produce the varlety of fabrlcs contemplated by the present lrl~entlonl as well as novel apparatus capable oF carryiny out the novel methods, as will be suggested and is set forth belo~.
Other ob~jects include provision of Fabric systems and lC structures wherein biased or diagonal plus Malimo-type filling layers are stitched together; Malimo-type Filliny chain-stitched to a non-woven layer is, as a substratum, Fed beneath and stitched to a biased or diagonal Filling layer, etc.
rhe foregoing objects are accomplished with the present invention, as described below in connection with the drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation illustrating the directions of Malimo filling yarn elements in the conventional systems;
20Fig. 2A is a schematic representation of the type oF
Fig. 1, but illustrating the biased or diagonal Filling yarn elements and their directions according to the prèsent invention;
Fig. ?B is a schematic type view oF a preferred filling insertion carriage mecharlism asselnbly capable of producing the novel fabric system and family r~F structures according to the present invention; and F-ig. 3 is a partial frayrrlentary schematic plan view of an e,nhodiment of the present invention in which a slrlgle filling insertion carriage rnechanlsm assembly IS Illustrated;
Fir~. 4 is an enl.lrqed partlal fragmerltary plan view of a portiorl of the asstwnbly shown in Fig. 3;
F1~. 5 is an enl ar;7ed p ar t1a1 ;~rspectve ~ of a portlon of Ihe asselnbly shown in Fig. 3;
~ ig. 6 is a partial sectional elevatiorlal view taken along line 6-6 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is a partial sectional plan view taken along line 7-7 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a partial sectional elevational view taken along line 8-8 of Fig. 3;
Fiy. 9 is an elarged partial sectiona~ plan view taken lS along line 9-9 of Fig. 8;
Fig. 10 is a partial sectional elevational view of an ernbodiment of the present invention associated with controlling filling yarn placement;
Fig. 11 is a partial sectional elevational view taken 20 along line 11-11 of Fig. 3, Fig. 12 is an enlarged partial sectional elevational view taken along line 12-12 of Fig. 11;
: Fig. 13 is a partial schematic plan view of an alternate preferred ernbodirnent of the present invention in ~hich two filling insertion carriage assernblies are shown, one reclprocable in transverse directions with respect to the machine di~ectlon, anci t:he other reclprocable at approximately 45 degrees with l`eSpeCt thereto;
Fig. 14 is a partlal sectional elevational view taken along line 14-14 of Fi(~. 13;
Flq. 15 is an rn~srged partlal fragmentary plan Yiew of a portion of a hook chHin and its elements;
Fig. 16 is a perspective Yiew of one embodiment of a hook element of the type utilized in association with a hook chain of Fig. 15;
Fig. 17 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a hook element of the type shown in Fig. 16;
Fig. 18 is a perspective view of stili another embodiment of a hook element of the type shown in Fig. 17;
Fig. 19 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portion of fabric according to the present invention which is capable of being produced with the apparatus of Fig. 13, and which includes a transverse filling layer, a diayonal filling layer, a backing or third layer, and rows of stitching yarn represented by longitudinal broken lines extending in the machine direction;
Fig. 20 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectlonal elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 19 taken along line 20-20 Df Fig. 19;
rig. 21 i~ a partlal fragrnentary enlarged schematic plan view or rcpreserltatlon o~ a portlon of fabric aocording to tlle preserlt lnver.tion which is capat)le of being produced wlth the apparatus of Fig. 13, simllar to the fabric of Fig. 19, but 5 without a backing or thi~d la~e~;
Fig. 22 is ao enlaryed partlal Fragrnentary sectional elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 21 taken alorlg line 22-22 of Fig. 21.
Fig. 23 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portlon of fabric according to the present inventiun which i5 capable of being produced with the apparatus of Fig. 13, and which includes a transverse Filling layer, a first diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the transverse filling layer, a second diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the first diagonal filling layer, and rows of stitching yarn stitched through these layers during a single step or pass;
Fig. 24 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectional elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 23 taken along line 24-24 of Fig. 23;
Fig. 25 is a partial fragmentary enlarged schematic plan view or representation of a portion of fabrir according to the present invention which is capable of being produced with the apparatus oF either Fig. 13 or Fig. 3, and which includes a first transverse filling layer, a first diagonal filling layer substantially adjacent or on top of the first transverse filling layer, both such layers createo during the first of two stitching steps or passes~ a seconcl trar)sverse Filling layer substarltlally adjacent ur on top oF the F~rst stltched transveFse filling layer, a sccorld diagorlal filllng layer substantially adjacent or nn top oF thc aicorld trallsverse Filling layer, these second la~ers stitched in a second pass to the already stitched first layers, the secor1d diagonal fllling layer exter-lding at approximately 90 degrees with respect to the first to provide what applicant sornetimes refers to as a "crossroads" aesthetic effect similar in some respects to the appearance oF the fabric oF Fig. 23; and Fig. 26 is an enlarged partial fragmentary sectianal elevational view of the fabric of Fig. 25 taken along line 26-26 oF Fig. 25.
~efore referring in detail to the drawings, it must be emphasized here that the specific and limited examples of the system invention set forth in this specification are not to be construed as being limited to what is shown and described.
Rather, the reader must appreciate that a host of Fabrics having a dlagonal filling layer are contemplated, with or without a 2û transverse filling layer, with or without a backing layer, with or without a second diagonal filling layer, and so Forth. In all cases applicants are not aware of any prior art that anticipate this inven'ion. I- is not belieYed that U.S. P~tents ,Nos.
3,814,669; 3,761345; and 3,557,268 teach the noYel fabrics, ayparatus or met~ods oF the present inYention.
RrFer~ g now to the drawir~gs, whtrriil simiIar reference characters represtnt slrnilalr elements throuyhout the sevrral views, F19. 1 il1ustrates in scherncltlc form the i~pproximate relative d1rectinr1s of fi~ lg yarns or thrrads 12 in a convent1Dna1 Malllno-t~pe rni1chlrle, wherein a filling carrla~1e assembly shown in phantom out1~ne ànd 1dentifled by reference character 14, by rnoving ln back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b, deposits the filling yarns 12 upon hooks of fllling chains (not shown) which extend in the direction of reference lines 16 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2A illustrates in a similar type view the approximate relative directions of filling yarns or threads 12 when a novel fabric is produced in accordance with the present invention by means of biased filling carriage assembly 18.
Assembly 18 moves in back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b which, themselves, are along a reference line "R" which extends 45 degrees with respect to the rnachine direction. In the cases of both Figs. 1 and 2A, the machine directiorl is illustrated by an arrow 20, while the aforesaid refererlce line is illustrated by character 22.
Fig. 2B illustrates in schematic form a mechanism or apparatus 24 wherein encircled numbers correspond to fillir19 carriage rnecbanism 1 which is supported for reciprocal movernent along slide rods 2 between opposing filling chains 3 by means of a driven subasseli1bly with jack shafts 4 which, in turn, drive beveled gears 5. Reference line 22 is sho~n in Fig. 2B to orient the reader and to iilustrate thr angle of the directiorls of movement of the carriage mechallism 1 wlth respect to this refererlce llne~
Flg. 3, in a bit more detall and ln sc)rnewhat less schematic fashion, illustrates the arrangement of apparcltu3 ac~r~rdlng to the present invention shown in Fig. 2B. A biased or diagonal filling carriage assen,bly 30~ shown in Fig. 3 as part of overall fabric-system 28, includes a carriage 32 having upper and lower filling yarn guide plates 34 and 36 each formed with through holes or openings 38 adapted to receive and comfortably guide a plurality of filling yarns of predetermined and desired type, color, thickness, etc. Carriage 32 travels in back-and-forth or reciprocatory movement in the directions of arrows a and b in Fig. 3 along a path that, in this embodiment, is substantially 45 degrees with respect to the overall machine direction. Carriage 32 is guided along this path with the assistance of supporting carriage guide rails 40 which, as perhaps better seen in Flgs. 4, 5 and 6, serve as relatively rigid diagonal supporting members against which sleeve-type bearings 42 held by guide brackets 44 slide in a relatively low-friction manner.
Carriage assembly 30 is further equiped with a separator roller 46 disposed sornewhat centrally beneath lower yarn guide plates 36, such that filling yarns 48 which enter and extend through openings 38 in upper and lower guide plates 34 and 36 are separated before entering through-holes 50 in a filling yarn guide bars or reeds 52 ~resser feet 60 are located below and offset at either side Df separator roller 46, and are supported at the ends of and by means of gearecl rack members or racks 54 which thenielves extend vertically and ln contact with a plnion control gear 56 best sefn in Flg. 7 ;uppf)rted by shaft 580 Alterrlailng clockwlse and co~Jnter-clockwlse rotation of shaft 58 S during Ihe aforesaid back-and-fnrth moYements of cal~rlage assembly 30 rre;ults in relatlve movernent between pinion gear 56 rack mernbers S4 to which presser feet 6D are secured, thereby enabling proper laying of the diagonal filling layer of yarns 48 and their engagement with and being held by hook chain assemblies G2 and 84 with the aid of cam and follower means, described in more detail below.
Carriage assembly 30 further includes a carriage presser foot cam follower in the form of a generally cylindrical rod 64 which extends outwardly from carriage 32. Rod 64 comes into contact with and rides up upon a ramp 66 formed upon a carriage presser foot cam plate 68 secured to frame'70. As and when diagonal carriage assernbly 30 approaches the end of each diayonal traversing stroke or pass, cam follower rod comes into contact with and rides upon ramp 66 of cam plate 68, thereby causiny relative movement and meshing between gear surfaces formed in rack mernbers 54 and pinion gear 56. The result is reliable:holding of yarns 48 by hook chain assemblies 62 and 84 at each side.
The diagonal back-and-forth movements of diayonal carriage asseinbly 3û are caused by driving ~neans which inciude a toothed drive belt 72 which cooperates with and is driven by driving and idling gear assemblies 74. Drive belt 72 7S continuous and its r ?
trnsinn 1~ adjus~a,ile by rn~ans of a turnbuckle typr assemb1y 76 havirlg a brackft 78 formed with 1e(3s 80 tnrouyh which clamp mllnbtrs BZ arlJu taoly rxterld. Since asselrlbly 76 IS hrld 1ntegral with carriage 32 (F1g. 5), reliprocRtlrlg rnovcnlents oF be]t 72 reslJIt in lik~ mnvemcnts o~ the calr1age. Powrr is transm1tted f`rom thr m.3ir-l sha~t (n[)t shown) oF the st1tch-th~ough rnachine of whlch the ~)re.lr~t 1nverl~1orl is part, arld plt~det~rmLned and selectcd gearillg of SlJCh powcr to dr1Yr the Inov~lnrrlts of c3rriage assembly 3n al~e included. The addit1orla1 10ads attributable to thE movrrnerlts oF diagonal carriage assemb1y 30 are provided by the necessary horsepower of the stitch-through machine motor.
ReFerence to Fig. 3 of the drawings will illustrate the fact that~ for the embodiment of the inventiDn shown (not for all embodiments), hook chain assembly 84 extends considerably farther from the machine work ~one where stitching occurs than does assembly 62. This accommodates singl~ diagonal carriage 30 which extends at an angle, and power is taken from the main drive and a bullgear, which deterrnines the stroke.
By way of example only, the embodiment of Fig. 3 includes provision of a backing or support faorir 86 that is fed to the work zone from a supply roll B8, shown schematically in Fig. 8.
Backing fabric 86 may be of a variety of rnaterials such as, without limitation, a non-i~oven fabric. It is fed from roll 88 over a guide roller 92 shown in Fig. 8 to a second guide rrlll 94 which, with an optional entry point nip control roller 90, holds the backing fabric 86 and a diagonal filling layer ~hich has been deposited upon fabric 86 by carria~e assenbly 30 therebetween, whereupon the combination descends to the stitching area where the two are stitch~bound together into a unitary fabric. This rnovement is caused by controlled rnovement of chain hooks on hook racks which make up chain hook assernblies 62 and 84. It is contemplated by the present invention to have one or more, and any number of dispositions of~ chain drive ~sprocl<eted) Follers ~hich, wlth the idler rnllers~ d~ive and guide the chains over sprocketed rollers 96, 98, 100 and 102. The arrows in Fig. 8 are meant to illustrate the direction oF nnovement of the chains (and hooks) and the fabrlc carried thereby.
rhe rhain/hook a~scmblies include and are made up of many coopcrcltive hook links 104 which, themselves, include one or mo~e (preferably a plurcllity) pin members 106 of predetermlned slze and con~guration. These huok links 104 serve as links in a relatively continuous chain about the chain rollers, and whose pin members 106 hold the selvage loops 110 of the filLing yarn during manufacture of the finished fabric. A feature of the embodiment oF the present i~ventiorl illustrated in Fig. 8, for example, includes a predetermined orientation of the pin members 1û6 associated with the links 104 of each of chain assemblies 62 and 84, as illustrated.
Fig. 9 illustrates a hook link 104 associated with shorter chain assembly 62, for example, as including pin members 106 oriented such that their free ends 108 face the direction in which the finished fabric is taken off the apparatus. Chain -links 112 are shown in Fig. 9. Because of this orientation, depinning the fabric, or removing the fabric from pins 106 at assembly 62 is accomplished by cutting off a selvage 120 using a 14 - .
rotary kn~Fe 114 driven by rnotor 116.
On the opposite side of the finished fabric, on the other hand, where the chain assembly is longer, and where the free ends 11a of pin rnembers 122 are oriented in a direct~on away frorn the direction of travel of the fin~shed fabric as it is moving awa~ from the work zone~ a loop relcase plate 124~ shown in Fig. 11, en9l9es loops 110 of filling yarns 48 such that the loops are simply urged by this inte~fe~erlce ovEr ar-d free of the pin ends 118. There is no cut selvage on the longer Side of the finished composite, unitary fabric 126 being removed from chain assembly 84 over ~oller 128.
, . . . . _ . . . .
Fig. 10 illustrates an optlonal, but unnecessary, feature provided by this embodiment of tne present invention. An arrangement 136 is provided which is calculated to hold the combination of diagonal fllling yarns and the backing layer substantially motionless wlth respect to one another so as to accurately control the disposition of the filling yarns on the backing layer in one or more predetermined configurations. hn apron 130 is provided which extends continùously around optional nip control rol],er 90 at an upper extremity, and around an idling member 132 at its lower extremity, as well as in contact with the diagonal filling yarns contacting the backing layer. A support plate 134 is located such that the components to ~e stltched are held motionless with respect to one another once they engage the apron and fro~ that point until they reach the ~rea of stitching.
The linear speed of the apron is a function of the linear speed of the backing l,ayer.
Referring now to Figs. 13-18 of the drawings, yet ar,other prefcrlcd embodiment 150 of the present invention is illustrated wherein a stitch-through machine is equipped with two filling carriage assemblies 152 and 154, the former being movable in back-and-forth transverse directions best illustrated by the ~ 3~
arrows 156, ao(i tile latter beiny movable In back-and-Forth dIagonal directlons best illustrated by the arrows 158, respectively. In this emlbodiment, each carriage assernbly 152 and 154 is driven Lndependently and its movements are independently adjustable and programm~ble at the option of the user such that, by way of example only and without limitation, each may be moved at diffrrent and varilbIe rates of speed. Primary power is carried from the main rnachine drive.
~ittl the ernbDdiment of the invention il;lustrated in Figs. 13-18, a fabric can be created with one or rnore transverse filling layers as well as one or more diagonal filling layers1 giving the finished fabric an inherent multidirectional st~ength ~ithout the need for backing or supporting layers, although desired applications where a backing layer is sought is easily provided for. Where more than one diagonal filling layer is desired, the user has the choice of either a multiple pass using the apparatus of Fig. 13, or incorporating a third Filling carriage extending diagonally in any desired angle such as, without limitation, substantially 90 degrees with respect to the directions of arrows 158.
In the Latter case, a single stitching operation yields a fabric illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24, wherein a layer of first diagonal filling yarns 160 extend substantially 90 degrees with respect tb a layer thereon of second diagonal filling yarns 162, both diagonal filling layer yarns being disposed atop a layer of transverse filling layer yarns 164, with the combination being stitch-bound during a single stitching operation or pass
2 ~
(stitching ~arn plercing locations being schernatically reprrsented by reFerellce lines 166)~
In the former case, a doubLe stitching operation yields a fabr~c illustrated in Figs. 75 and 26~ wherein a layer of fi~st diagonal filling yarns 168 Is placed atop a layer of first transverse filling yarns 170 and the comb~nation Is stitched durillg a first stitching operation or pass; and thr then finished fa~ric Is optlunally reversed (turned nver) and fed in the rnanner of a backing layer such that a layer oF second di~gonal filllng yarns 172 is placed atop a layer of second ~ransverse filling yarns 1747 and the entire combination is stitched into a unitary fabric having the appearance generally of the portion thereof shown in Fig. 25 during a second stitching operation. The result is a composite fabric with adjacent trarlsverse filling layers and lS outer opposing diagonal filliny layers which extend at substantially 90 degrees with respect to ùne another. Other variations are cDntemplated.
Again, utili~ing the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in ~igs. 13-18, where the user wishes to produce a fabric having a single diagonal filling layer in combination with a transversly extendingl layer of filling yarns, the user can produce same with or without a backing or supporting layer, oepending upon the use to which the finished fabric is to be-made. Figs. 19-20 illustrate in schematic fashion a composite fabric consisting of the optional backing or supporting layer 176 stitch-bound at locations 178 to a transversly extending filling layer 180 which is visibly held tsetween layer 176 and a layer of diayonally oriented filling yarns 182, all in a unitary Fabric construction. Figs. 21-22 illustrate the combination of Figs.
19-20 without the backing or supporting layer 176, thereby providing an open design of predeterrnined yarn density.
,~ S p ,~ J ~
Referrlnq once clgain to Figs. 13-18, lt is ceen th~t transverse ~ill1ng carria.Je control means 184 is associated with transverse fillirlg carriage assembly 152; and diagonal filllng carriage control msans 186 is associated with diagonal fill1ng carriage assembly l54, each inaep2ndent,1y capable of adjustably controlling the ~spe2d ~nd CharâCteriSt~ CS of the re,pective carriage assemblies. An effort is made within Fig. 14 to ~chematically illustra~e the interrel~tionship bet~een these control means 184 and 186, and the derivation of power from the main machine driveO Drive chains 188 and 190 cooperate with driving and idling sprocket wheels 192 to produce the desired results. Applicant reserves lt~ rights to more fully protect the internal drive mechanisms in one or more continuing applications.
Fig. 13 illustrates the transversly extending filling layer 194 created by the movement of assembly 152, and overlying diagonally extending fllling layer 196 created by the movements of asse~bly 154. Both filling layers are created (deposited) durig a single machine operation or pass, with or without a third layer, and are stitch-bound by a single set of stitches in a single operation. An enlarged view of a portion of the finished fabric produced with the apparatus and ~ethod of Fig. 13 is illustrated in Fig. 21. This fabric exhibits superior dimensional stability.
i - 18 -,~3 `~ "~
other than with re~ard to the chain hook llnks and their pin r;,-mbers/ the reader is urged to refer to the de~acription of Figs. 1-12 for an understanding of the deposition or ]aving of the trans~erse and d~agonal filllng yarns, the angles with reapect to the machine direction belng variable.
Tn the ernbodiment of Fig. 13, chain racks or assemblies 198 are of equal rather than une~ual length, and a variety or improved pin m-embers is contemDlated by this lnvention~ The pin members ~00 extend relatively parallel rather th~n angularly, and are relatively longer and of greater gauge than those utilized in previously descrlbed em~odiments o this invention. Figs. 15-18 illustrate a variety of preferred chain link embodiments covered - - , ~.: . ., :
by the present invention, the vlews belleved to be self-explanatory.
The em~odiments of the present invention particularly disclosed and described hereinabove are presented merely as examples of the invention. Other embodiments, forms and modifications of the invention coming within the proper scope and spirit of the appended claims will, of course, suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
,.
(stitching ~arn plercing locations being schernatically reprrsented by reFerellce lines 166)~
In the former case, a doubLe stitching operation yields a fabr~c illustrated in Figs. 75 and 26~ wherein a layer of fi~st diagonal filling yarns 168 Is placed atop a layer of first transverse filling yarns 170 and the comb~nation Is stitched durillg a first stitching operation or pass; and thr then finished fa~ric Is optlunally reversed (turned nver) and fed in the rnanner of a backing layer such that a layer oF second di~gonal filllng yarns 172 is placed atop a layer of second ~ransverse filling yarns 1747 and the entire combination is stitched into a unitary fabric having the appearance generally of the portion thereof shown in Fig. 25 during a second stitching operation. The result is a composite fabric with adjacent trarlsverse filling layers and lS outer opposing diagonal filliny layers which extend at substantially 90 degrees with respect to ùne another. Other variations are cDntemplated.
Again, utili~ing the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in ~igs. 13-18, where the user wishes to produce a fabric having a single diagonal filling layer in combination with a transversly extendingl layer of filling yarns, the user can produce same with or without a backing or supporting layer, oepending upon the use to which the finished fabric is to be-made. Figs. 19-20 illustrate in schematic fashion a composite fabric consisting of the optional backing or supporting layer 176 stitch-bound at locations 178 to a transversly extending filling layer 180 which is visibly held tsetween layer 176 and a layer of diayonally oriented filling yarns 182, all in a unitary Fabric construction. Figs. 21-22 illustrate the combination of Figs.
19-20 without the backing or supporting layer 176, thereby providing an open design of predeterrnined yarn density.
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Referrlnq once clgain to Figs. 13-18, lt is ceen th~t transverse ~ill1ng carria.Je control means 184 is associated with transverse fillirlg carriage assembly 152; and diagonal filllng carriage control msans 186 is associated with diagonal fill1ng carriage assembly l54, each inaep2ndent,1y capable of adjustably controlling the ~spe2d ~nd CharâCteriSt~ CS of the re,pective carriage assemblies. An effort is made within Fig. 14 to ~chematically illustra~e the interrel~tionship bet~een these control means 184 and 186, and the derivation of power from the main machine driveO Drive chains 188 and 190 cooperate with driving and idling sprocket wheels 192 to produce the desired results. Applicant reserves lt~ rights to more fully protect the internal drive mechanisms in one or more continuing applications.
Fig. 13 illustrates the transversly extending filling layer 194 created by the movement of assembly 152, and overlying diagonally extending fllling layer 196 created by the movements of asse~bly 154. Both filling layers are created (deposited) durig a single machine operation or pass, with or without a third layer, and are stitch-bound by a single set of stitches in a single operation. An enlarged view of a portion of the finished fabric produced with the apparatus and ~ethod of Fig. 13 is illustrated in Fig. 21. This fabric exhibits superior dimensional stability.
i - 18 -,~3 `~ "~
other than with re~ard to the chain hook llnks and their pin r;,-mbers/ the reader is urged to refer to the de~acription of Figs. 1-12 for an understanding of the deposition or ]aving of the trans~erse and d~agonal filllng yarns, the angles with reapect to the machine direction belng variable.
Tn the ernbodiment of Fig. 13, chain racks or assemblies 198 are of equal rather than une~ual length, and a variety or improved pin m-embers is contemDlated by this lnvention~ The pin members ~00 extend relatively parallel rather th~n angularly, and are relatively longer and of greater gauge than those utilized in previously descrlbed em~odiments o this invention. Figs. 15-18 illustrate a variety of preferred chain link embodiments covered - - , ~.: . ., :
by the present invention, the vlews belleved to be self-explanatory.
The em~odiments of the present invention particularly disclosed and described hereinabove are presented merely as examples of the invention. Other embodiments, forms and modifications of the invention coming within the proper scope and spirit of the appended claims will, of course, suggest themselves to those skilled in the art.
,.
Claims (5)
1. A fabric produced at normal stitch-through machine speeds, comprising in combination, a filling yarn layer bound into an integral fabric structure by binding yarns, said fabric having a machine fabric-forming direction, said filling yarn layer including a plurality of filling yarns extending in directions substantially forty-five degrees (45°) with respect to the machine fabric-forming direction.
2. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the fabric includes two filling yarn layers, one of which extends at an angle with respect to the machine fabric-forming direction.
3. A fabric according to claim 1, wherein the fabric includes three filling yarn layers, two of which extend at an angle with respect to the machine fabric-forming direc-tion.
4. A method of producing a fabric at normal stitch-through machine speeds, comprising:
feeding a first layer along a machine fabric-forming direction, depositing a layer of filling yarns such that they extend substantially at an angle less than ninety degrees (90°) with respect to the machine fabric-forming direction, and binding said filling and first layers into a substantially unitary fabric with binding yarns.
feeding a first layer along a machine fabric-forming direction, depositing a layer of filling yarns such that they extend substantially at an angle less than ninety degrees (90°) with respect to the machine fabric-forming direction, and binding said filling and first layers into a substantially unitary fabric with binding yarns.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said angle is substantially forty-five degrees (45°).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US43772682A | 1982-10-29 | 1982-10-29 | |
| US437,726 | 1982-10-29 | ||
| US54143883A | 1983-10-17 | 1983-10-17 | |
| US541,438 | 1983-10-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1262403A true CA1262403A (en) | 1989-10-24 |
Family
ID=27031406
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000439935A Expired CA1262403A (en) | 1982-10-29 | 1983-10-28 | Fabric system with biased filling |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2082083A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8306005A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1262403A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3339205A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK494683A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8502181A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2535352A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2131839B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL70073A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1170555B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU85068A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8303737A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO833936L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8305905L (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2590915B2 (en) * | 1984-10-31 | 1989-06-02 | Nord Sa Union Textile | GEOTEXTILE |
| DE3447643C1 (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-08-07 | Karl Mayer Textil-Maschinen-Fabrik Gmbh, 6053 Obertshausen | Warp knitting machine with magazine weft device and warp knitted fabric produced on it |
| DE3539179A1 (en) * | 1985-11-05 | 1987-05-14 | Liba Maschf | Warp knitting machine with a weft magazine and a feed device for a web |
| DE3631217C1 (en) * | 1986-09-13 | 1988-01-14 | Liba Maschf | Device for laying weft threads between two longitudinal conveyors running towards a needle contour of a warp knitting machine |
| FR2616813B1 (en) * | 1987-06-22 | 1991-12-27 | Crst | TEXTILE COMPLEX FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| EP0370580A1 (en) * | 1988-11-25 | 1990-05-30 | Akzo N.V. | Process and apparatus for the manufacture of a tubular reinforcing material, more particularly for the reinforcement of a matrix, and the tubular reinforcing material and uses thereof |
| DE4402510C2 (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1998-04-23 | Malimo Maschinenbau | Warp knitting machine with a weft magazine |
| WO2000014317A1 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 2000-03-16 | Saertex Wagener Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for producing a multiaxial structure out of multifilament threads |
| DE102018105591A1 (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2019-09-12 | V. Fraas Gmbh | Plant for the production of a technical network, process for the production of a technical network and technical network |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB417330A (en) * | 1933-04-01 | 1934-10-01 | James Morton | Improved apparatus for supplying fibrous material for incorporation in fabrics |
| GB1042134A (en) * | 1962-06-07 | 1966-09-14 | Courtaulds Ltd | Non-woven textile fabrics |
| US3761345A (en) * | 1969-04-03 | 1973-09-25 | R Smith | Nonwoven structure for reinforcing resinous material |
| FR2058440A5 (en) * | 1969-09-04 | 1971-05-28 | Lescroart Louis | Non-woven fabric winding pattern with sometransverse yarns - lateral strength |
| GB1299638A (en) * | 1970-04-01 | 1972-12-13 | Wirkmaschinenbau Karl Marx Veb | Improvements in or relating to flat warp knitting machines, particularly stitch-bonding machines |
| CA1151887A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1983-08-16 | Daniel Duhl | Multiple stitch-through fabrics |
| GB2085496B (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1984-08-22 | Bates W & A Ltd | Reinforced structures |
-
1983
- 1983-10-27 SE SE8305905A patent/SE8305905L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-10-27 IL IL70073A patent/IL70073A0/en unknown
- 1983-10-28 LU LU85068A patent/LU85068A1/xx unknown
- 1983-10-28 DK DK494683A patent/DK494683A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-10-28 NO NO833936A patent/NO833936L/en unknown
- 1983-10-28 CA CA000439935A patent/CA1262403A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-28 NL NL8303737A patent/NL8303737A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-10-28 FR FR8317336A patent/FR2535352A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-10-28 DE DE19833339205 patent/DE3339205A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1983-10-28 ES ES526875A patent/ES8502181A1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-31 IT IT49253/83A patent/IT1170555B/en active
- 1983-10-31 AU AU20820/83A patent/AU2082083A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1983-10-31 GB GB08329007A patent/GB2131839B/en not_active Expired
- 1983-10-31 BR BR8306005A patent/BR8306005A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK494683D0 (en) | 1983-10-28 |
| BR8306005A (en) | 1984-06-05 |
| SE8305905L (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| FR2535352A1 (en) | 1984-05-04 |
| AU2082083A (en) | 1984-05-03 |
| IT1170555B (en) | 1987-06-03 |
| NL8303737A (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| GB2131839B (en) | 1986-11-12 |
| DK494683A (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| GB2131839A (en) | 1984-06-27 |
| GB8329007D0 (en) | 1983-11-30 |
| NO833936L (en) | 1984-04-30 |
| LU85068A1 (en) | 1984-03-22 |
| ES526875A0 (en) | 1984-12-16 |
| IT8349253A0 (en) | 1983-10-31 |
| ES8502181A1 (en) | 1984-12-16 |
| IL70073A0 (en) | 1984-01-31 |
| SE8305905D0 (en) | 1983-10-27 |
| DE3339205A1 (en) | 1985-04-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |