CA1246540A - Winches - Google Patents
WinchesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1246540A CA1246540A CA000453196A CA453196A CA1246540A CA 1246540 A CA1246540 A CA 1246540A CA 000453196 A CA000453196 A CA 000453196A CA 453196 A CA453196 A CA 453196A CA 1246540 A CA1246540 A CA 1246540A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- winch
- capstan
- winch according
- capstans
- cable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
- B66D1/74—Capstans
- B66D1/7405—Capstans having two or more drums providing tractive force
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Friction Gearing (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Chain Conveyers (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A winch is shown comprising a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves. The grooves comprise a high friction material and the density of the material of each groove is different, so that the coefficient of friction of the cable bearing surface increases from the load end to the tail end of the capstan.
A winch is shown comprising a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves. The grooves comprise a high friction material and the density of the material of each groove is different, so that the coefficient of friction of the cable bearing surface increases from the load end to the tail end of the capstan.
Description
THIS INVENTION relates fo improvements in or relating to winches.
Winches have been proposed, and are described and illustrated in U.S.
Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4,230,306, in which cl tailing means is 5 provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum. The tailing means is intended toreceive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groové and/or a high friction material. An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the sarne is gripped by the tailing means. The tailing means holds the tail 10 end of rope in position so that, on the one hanci, an increase in the tensionapplied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns oF rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not becosr,~e sl~,ck and, possibly, foul the line. U.S. Patent Specifica~ion No.
~i stresses that the area of increased friction must only be providecl at 15 the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tailend might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so 1hat a large number of turns oF cable are borne by the winch.
However, L~ecause the driving capstans of 1he v~inch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly lo balance the Jorque applied by the load about the two axes.
It is an object of the present invention to ellable the provision of a winch whereby the o!~o\ e di~sadva,ltocJes may be overcome or at least mit i~ated.
r ~
,~ .
5~
Winches have been proposed, and are described and illustrated in U.S.
Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4,230,306, in which cl tailing means is 5 provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum. The tailing means is intended toreceive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groové and/or a high friction material. An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the sarne is gripped by the tailing means. The tailing means holds the tail 10 end of rope in position so that, on the one hanci, an increase in the tensionapplied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns oF rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not becosr,~e sl~,ck and, possibly, foul the line. U.S. Patent Specifica~ion No.
~i stresses that the area of increased friction must only be providecl at 15 the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tailend might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so 1hat a large number of turns oF cable are borne by the winch.
However, L~ecause the driving capstans of 1he v~inch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly lo balance the Jorque applied by the load about the two axes.
It is an object of the present invention to ellable the provision of a winch whereby the o!~o\ e di~sadva,ltocJes may be overcome or at least mit i~ated.
r ~
,~ .
5~
- 2 ~
This invention provides a winch comprising a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tension varies continuously, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
Advan-tageously, the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis or the capstan. This may be achieved by known methods such as modification of the surface finish and introduction of removal oE
surface films. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
rhus, as the tension in the cable decreases, the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient oE Eriction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan. As a result, the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenence. Also, whilst in the absence of the features of the present invention the cable tension would decrease very gradually as the number of turns of cable increases, the present invention enables the provision of a winch in which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans. Preferably, the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotation, for ~2~6S~
- 2a -example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake is provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan. When fixed in this way the first and second capstans can continue to support a load even whilst parts of the driving mechanism are removed for inspection or repair.
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference will now be made7 by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
~5`
Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a single-axis twin capstan wlnch in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 illustrates the path followed by a cable guided by the twin capstan winch of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawingsl Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a second capstan 2, sharing a cammon rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves or grooved 10 pulleys 3. As can be seen in Figure 3, three sheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 4 which is parallel to the cQ~mon rotation axis of the first and second capstans 1, 2. Plso, a fourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 5 which is slightly offset frcm that axis to facilitate passing cable over the fourth sheave 3 and the single groove 15 capstan 1. The capstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of a motor 6, a sun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of the motor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted o~ an integral shaft 9 of the second capstan 2 and an internal gear 10 of the first capstan 1. A brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of the capstans 20 1, 2 if desired.
The second capstan 2 is provided with three circumferential grooves 11 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the three sheaves 3 on the parallel shaft 4 by half a gro~ve's width~ The circumferential grooves 11 comprise a high friction 25 material. The coefficient of friction increases frcm the high tension ~load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2 by, for exa~ple, varying the material in different grooves 11. Alternatively, an ~, ungrooved capstan (not shcwn) may have a surface texture which varies from one end to the other.
~z~s~e~
Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL20 with re than 12~ silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive enviro~ments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropvlenes and Kautex, 5 which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin" and "Kautex" are Trade Names. In a preferred arrangement, each gro~ve ccmprises equi-sized patches of Kautex and Silumin alternating around the circumference of the groove, the former providing the high friction ccmponent and the latter serving to support the cable. The coefficient of friction of at 10 least scme of the surface of the second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater than that of steel on steel.
It has been found that, for scme materials at least, such as polyurethane, a relationship exists between the density of the material and its coefficient of friction for a given cable material, Accordingly, 15 in one arrangement the density decreases exponentially Ercm the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
The widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary circumferential area of the cable bearing surface of each groove and thereby the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at 20 a given cable tension.
During use, tension in the cable guided by the w mch is overccme by friction between the cable and the capstans, so that the cable at the tail end of the winch is almost ccmpletely slack. At least 40%, and as much as 50~, of the cable tension is taken up by the first capstan 1, 25 about which the degree of wrap is between 250 and 280 usually about 270 The friction would normally decrease gradually from the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2. However, because -the coefficient of friction between the grooves 11 and cable increases fron the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2, the frictional 30 force is spread evenly over the second capstan 2, as a result of which - 4a -the cable, and the grooves 11, are not subiecte~ to unduly high frictional forces in any aIle place. At the same time, sufficien~
tension is maintained in the last few turns of cable acljacent ~le tail ~ld to prevent the same from beccming slack.
This invention provides a winch comprising a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tension varies continuously, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
Advan-tageously, the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis or the capstan. This may be achieved by known methods such as modification of the surface finish and introduction of removal oE
surface films. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
rhus, as the tension in the cable decreases, the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient oE Eriction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan. As a result, the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenence. Also, whilst in the absence of the features of the present invention the cable tension would decrease very gradually as the number of turns of cable increases, the present invention enables the provision of a winch in which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans. Preferably, the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotation, for ~2~6S~
- 2a -example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake is provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan. When fixed in this way the first and second capstans can continue to support a load even whilst parts of the driving mechanism are removed for inspection or repair.
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference will now be made7 by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
~5`
Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a single-axis twin capstan wlnch in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 illustrates the path followed by a cable guided by the twin capstan winch of Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawingsl Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a second capstan 2, sharing a cammon rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves or grooved 10 pulleys 3. As can be seen in Figure 3, three sheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 4 which is parallel to the cQ~mon rotation axis of the first and second capstans 1, 2. Plso, a fourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 5 which is slightly offset frcm that axis to facilitate passing cable over the fourth sheave 3 and the single groove 15 capstan 1. The capstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of a motor 6, a sun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of the motor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted o~ an integral shaft 9 of the second capstan 2 and an internal gear 10 of the first capstan 1. A brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of the capstans 20 1, 2 if desired.
The second capstan 2 is provided with three circumferential grooves 11 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the three sheaves 3 on the parallel shaft 4 by half a gro~ve's width~ The circumferential grooves 11 comprise a high friction 25 material. The coefficient of friction increases frcm the high tension ~load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2 by, for exa~ple, varying the material in different grooves 11. Alternatively, an ~, ungrooved capstan (not shcwn) may have a surface texture which varies from one end to the other.
~z~s~e~
Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL20 with re than 12~ silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive enviro~ments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropvlenes and Kautex, 5 which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin" and "Kautex" are Trade Names. In a preferred arrangement, each gro~ve ccmprises equi-sized patches of Kautex and Silumin alternating around the circumference of the groove, the former providing the high friction ccmponent and the latter serving to support the cable. The coefficient of friction of at 10 least scme of the surface of the second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater than that of steel on steel.
It has been found that, for scme materials at least, such as polyurethane, a relationship exists between the density of the material and its coefficient of friction for a given cable material, Accordingly, 15 in one arrangement the density decreases exponentially Ercm the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
The widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary circumferential area of the cable bearing surface of each groove and thereby the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at 20 a given cable tension.
During use, tension in the cable guided by the w mch is overccme by friction between the cable and the capstans, so that the cable at the tail end of the winch is almost ccmpletely slack. At least 40%, and as much as 50~, of the cable tension is taken up by the first capstan 1, 25 about which the degree of wrap is between 250 and 280 usually about 270 The friction would normally decrease gradually from the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2. However, because -the coefficient of friction between the grooves 11 and cable increases fron the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2, the frictional 30 force is spread evenly over the second capstan 2, as a result of which - 4a -the cable, and the grooves 11, are not subiecte~ to unduly high frictional forces in any aIle place. At the same time, sufficien~
tension is maintained in the last few turns of cable acljacent ~le tail ~ld to prevent the same from beccming slack.
Claims (19)
1. A winch comprising a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tensionvaries continuously, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
2. A winch according to Claim 1, wherein the coefficient of friction of the surface for a given cable material increases gradually, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along the rotational axis.
3. A winch according to Claim 2, wherein the surface comprises a high friction material.
4. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the coefficient of friction of the high friction material on steel is substantially greater than the coefficient offriction of steel on steel.
5. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the high friction material comprises a high friction polymer.
6. A winch according to Claim 5, wherein the high friction polymer is a polyurethane, a polypropylene or a polyvinylchloride.
7. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the high friction material comprises silicon enriched aluminium.
8. A winch according to Claim 2, which comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the coefficient of friction of the surface of each groove being different.
9. A winch according to Claim 2, wherein the surface comprises material the density of which decreases exponentially along the rotational axis.
10. A winch according to Claim 1, which comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
11. A winch according to claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the winch is a single axis twin capstan winch.
12. A winch according to claims 1, 2 or 3 which comprises driving capstans disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second driving capstans.
13. A winch according to claims 1, 2 or 3 which comprises driving capstans disposed on a single axis, wherein the first and second capstans are drivable in rotation, and linked to each other, by means of an epicyclic gear train.
14. A winch according to claims 1, 2 or 3 which comprises driving capstans disposed on a single axis, and further comprises means for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other.
15. A winch according to claims 1, 2 or 3 which comprises driving capstans disposed on a single axis, wherein the first and second capstans are drivable in rotation, and linked to each other, by means of an epicyclic gear train, and further comprises means for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other.
16. A winch according to claims 4, 5 or 7 wherein the winch is a single axis twin capstan winch.
17. A winch according to claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the winch is a single axis twin capstan winch.
18. A winch according to claim 6 wherein the winch is a single axis twin capstan winch.
19. A capstan winch comprising at least two contra-rotatable drivable capstans, one capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, comprising a single groove, and another capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface of a cable comprising a plurality of grooves, the capstan winch further comprising a grooved drum spaced apart from the other capstan, and the grooved drum having a rotational axis substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the other capstan, characterised in that the coefficient of friction between the surfaces and the given cable material at a given cable tension varies stepwise in the plurality of grooves along a rotational axis.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838311454A GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Winches |
| GB8,311,454 | 1983-04-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1246540A true CA1246540A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
Family
ID=10541768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000453196A Expired CA1246540A (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-27 | Winches |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0150187B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60501156A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE32598T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588217B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8406815A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1246540A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD218340A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3469433D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153021B (en) |
| FI (1) | FI78053C (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8311454D0 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU195162B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL71687A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN160709B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1174524B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO844918L (en) |
| RO (1) | RO94168B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984004291A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843155B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR22347A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1987-02-23 | Webb John Thomas H | DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANES OR WITH THE CRANES |
| GB9713669D0 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1997-09-03 | Lewmar Marine Ltd | Winch |
| NO973054L (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 1999-01-04 | Huse As I P | Drawing winch device |
| CN102826475B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏科技大学 | Horizontal type inclined cable-tension attenuating winch |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2389878A (en) * | 1943-12-31 | 1945-11-27 | American Steel & Wire Co | Strand engaging drum |
| US2685801A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1954-08-10 | Tishman David | Sheave tread |
| FR1105165A (en) * | 1952-10-17 | 1955-11-28 | Entpr S Soc Gen | Winch improvements |
| GB868968A (en) * | 1957-04-23 | 1961-05-25 | Gerald Alger Monroe Petersen | Apparatus for hauling in or hauling in and paying out transmission cable |
| DE1221413B (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1966-07-21 | Nautec Corp | Cable winch with two traction sheaves and a storage drum |
| FR1465703A (en) * | 1965-12-03 | 1967-01-13 | Chantiers De Nantes Atel | Operating and storage device for cables, trailers and the like |
| US3776519A (en) * | 1972-01-11 | 1973-12-04 | Fairey Winches Ltd | Cable handling apparatus |
| GB1599521A (en) * | 1977-01-20 | 1981-10-07 | Wharton Engs Elstree Ltd | Winches |
| US4230306A (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1980-10-28 | Barlow Marine Limited | Self-tailing winch |
| US4274606A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1981-06-23 | Hans Bernwall | Self-tailing winch |
| DE3043125A1 (en) * | 1980-11-15 | 1982-07-01 | Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser, 2800 Bremen | Research ship friction windlass - has pulleys with grooves accommodating fishing net ropes |
-
1983
- 1983-04-27 GB GB838311454A patent/GB8311454D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-04-27 ZA ZA843155A patent/ZA843155B/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 DE DE8484901789T patent/DE3469433D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 GB GB08410905A patent/GB2138768B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 WO PCT/GB1984/000144 patent/WO1984004291A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-04-27 CA CA000453196A patent/CA1246540A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 IL IL71687A patent/IL71687A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 AT AT84901789T patent/ATE32598T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 DD DD84262412A patent/DD218340A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 IT IT20732/84A patent/IT1174524B/en active
- 1984-04-27 EP EP84901789A patent/EP0150187B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 HU HU842419A patent/HU195162B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 JP JP59501794A patent/JPS60501156A/en active Pending
- 1984-04-27 BR BR8406815A patent/BR8406815A/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 AU AU28670/84A patent/AU588217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-04-30 IN IN314/MAS/84A patent/IN160709B/en unknown
- 1984-12-07 NO NO844918A patent/NO844918L/en unknown
- 1984-12-20 FI FI845058A patent/FI78053C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-21 DK DK627384A patent/DK153021B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-12-25 RO RO116900A patent/RO94168B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1174524B (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| FI78053B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
| EP0150187A1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| RO94168A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| RO94168B (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| FI78053C (en) | 1989-06-12 |
| IL71687A0 (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| AU588217B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| NO844918L (en) | 1984-12-07 |
| AU2867084A (en) | 1984-11-19 |
| FI845058L (en) | 1984-12-20 |
| GB2138768B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| WO1984004291A1 (en) | 1984-11-08 |
| ATE32598T1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
| DK153021B (en) | 1988-06-06 |
| ZA843155B (en) | 1984-12-24 |
| DD218340A5 (en) | 1985-02-06 |
| DK627384D0 (en) | 1984-12-21 |
| HUT34930A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| GB8410905D0 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
| HU195162B (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| JPS60501156A (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| BR8406815A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
| DK627384A (en) | 1984-12-21 |
| GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| IL71687A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
| IT8420732A0 (en) | 1984-04-27 |
| IN160709B (en) | 1987-08-01 |
| FI845058A0 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
| GB2138768A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| DE3469433D1 (en) | 1988-03-31 |
| EP0150187B1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
| IT8420732A1 (en) | 1985-10-27 |
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