EP0150187B1 - Improvements in or relating to winches - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to winches Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0150187B1 EP0150187B1 EP84901789A EP84901789A EP0150187B1 EP 0150187 B1 EP0150187 B1 EP 0150187B1 EP 84901789 A EP84901789 A EP 84901789A EP 84901789 A EP84901789 A EP 84901789A EP 0150187 B1 EP0150187 B1 EP 0150187B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capstan
- cable
- winch
- friction
- winch according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
- B66D1/74—Capstans
- B66D1/7405—Capstans having two or more drums providing tractive force
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in or relating to winches.
- Winches have been proposed, and are described and are illustrated in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4,230,306, in which a tailing means is provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum.
- the tailing means is intended to receive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groove and/or a high friction material.
- An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the same is gripped by the tailing means.
- the tailing means holds the tail end of rope in position so that, on the one hand, an increase in the tension applied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns of rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not become slack and, possibly, foul the line.
- U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,274,606 stresses that the area of increased friction must only be provided at the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tail end might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
- U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so that a large number . of turns of cable are borne by the winch.
- the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly to balance the torque applied by the load about the two axes.
- French Patent Specification FR-A-1105165 discloses a dual access capstan winch with the torque, applied by the load about the two axes, being balanced.
- this document does not disclose the uneven frictional wear on the cable and cable bearing surface caused by this winch, nor does it suggest a possible solution to this problem.
- a capstan winch comprising at least two contra-rotatable drivable capstans, one capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, comprising a single groove, and another capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface for a cable comprising a plurality of grooves, the capstan winch further comprising a grooved drum spaced apart from the other capstan, and the grooved drum having a rotational axis substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the other capstan characterised in that the coefficient of friction between the surfaces and the given cable material at a given cable tension varies stepwise in the plurality of grooves along a rotational axis.
- the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis of the capstan. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
- the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient of friction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan.
- the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenance.
- the present invention enables the provision of a winch in which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
- the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans.
- the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotation, for example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake is provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan.
- a brake is provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan.
- Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a second capstan 2, sharing a common rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves or grooved pulleys 3.
- three sheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 4 which is parallel to the common rotation axis of the first and second capstans 1, 2.
- a fourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 5 which is slightly offset from that axis to facilitate passing cable over the fourth sheave 3 and the single groove capstan 1.
- the capstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of a motor 6, a sun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of the motor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted on an integral shaft 9 of the second capstan 2 and an internal gear 10 of the first capstan 1.
- a brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of the capstans 1, 2 if desired.
- the second capstan 2 is provided with three circumferential grooves 11 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the three sheaves 3 on the parallel shaft 4 by half a groove's width.
- the circumferential grooves 11 comprise a high friction material and the coefficient of friction increases from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
- Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL 20 with more than 12% silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive environments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropylenes and Kautex, which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin” and “Kautex” are Trade Names.
- each groove comprises alternating areas of Kautex and Silumin, the former providing the high friction component and the latter serving to support the cable.
- the coefficient of friction of at least some of the surface of the second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater than that of steel on steel.
- the density decreases exponentially from the high -tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
- the widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at a given cable tension.
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Friction Gearing (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Chain Conveyers (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to improvements in or relating to winches.
- Winches have been proposed, and are described and are illustrated in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4,230,306, in which a tailing means is provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum. The tailing means is intended to receive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groove and/or a high friction material. An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the same is gripped by the tailing means. The tailing means holds the tail end of rope in position so that, on the one hand, an increase in the tension applied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns of rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not become slack and, possibly, foul the line. U.S. Patent Specification No. 4,274,606 stresses that the area of increased friction must only be provided at the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tail end might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
- U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so that a large number . of turns of cable are borne by the winch. However, because the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly to balance the torque applied by the load about the two axes.
- French Patent Specification FR-A-1105165 discloses a dual access capstan winch with the torque, applied by the load about the two axes, being balanced. However, this document does not disclose the uneven frictional wear on the cable and cable bearing surface caused by this winch, nor does it suggest a possible solution to this problem.
- It is an object of the present invention to enable the provision of a winch whereby the above disadvantages may be overcome or at least mitigated.
- According to the present invention there is provided a capstan winch comprising at least two contra-rotatable drivable capstans, one capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, comprising a single groove, and another capstan being provided with a rotatable bearing surface for a cable comprising a plurality of grooves, the capstan winch further comprising a grooved drum spaced apart from the other capstan, and the grooved drum having a rotational axis substantially parallel to the rotational axis of the other capstan characterised in that the coefficient of friction between the surfaces and the given cable material at a given cable tension varies stepwise in the plurality of grooves along a rotational axis.
- Advantageously, the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis of the capstan. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
- Thus, as the tension in the cable decreases, the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient of friction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan. As a result, the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenance. Also, whilst in the absence of the features of the present invention the cable tension would decrease very gradually as the number of turns of cable increases, the present invention enables the provision of a winch in which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
- Accordingly, the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans. Preferably, the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotation, for example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake is provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan. When fixed in this way the first and second capstans can continue to support a load even whilst parts of the driving mechanism are removed for inspection or repair.
- For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a single-axis twin capstan winch in accordance with the invention,
- Figure 2 illustrates the path followed by a cable guided by the twin capstan winch of Figure 1, and
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of Figure 1.
- Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a
second capstan 2, sharing a common rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves orgrooved pulleys 3. As can be seen in Figure 3, threesheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on ashaft 4 which is parallel to the common rotation axis of the first andsecond capstans 1, 2. Also, afourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on ashaft 5 which is slightly offset from that axis to facilitate passing cable over thefourth sheave 3 and the single groove capstan 1. Thecapstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of amotor 6, asun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of themotor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted on an integral shaft 9 of thesecond capstan 2 and aninternal gear 10 of the first capstan 1. A brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of thecapstans 1, 2 if desired. - The
second capstan 2 is provided with threecircumferential grooves 11 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the threesheaves 3 on theparallel shaft 4 by half a groove's width. Thecircumferential grooves 11 comprise a high friction material and the coefficient of friction increases from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of thesecond capstan 2. - Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL 20 with more than 12% silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive environments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropylenes and Kautex, which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin" and "Kautex" are Trade Names. In a preferred arrangement, each groove comprises alternating areas of Kautex and Silumin, the former providing the high friction component and the latter serving to support the cable. The coefficient of friction of at least some of the surface of the
second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater than that of steel on steel. It has been found that, for some materials at least, such as polyurethane, a relationship exists between the density of the material and its coefficient of friction for a given material. Accordingly, in one arrangement the density decreases exponentially from the high -tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of thesecond capstan 2. The widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at a given cable tension. - During use, tension in the cable guided by the winch is overcome by friction between the cable and the capstans, so that the cable at the tail end of the winch is almost completely slack. At least 40% and as much as 50%, of the cable tension is taken up by the first capstan 1, about which the degree of wrap is between 250° and 280°, usually about 270°. The friction would normally decrease gradually from the load end to the tail end of the
second capstan 2. However, because the coefficient of friction between thegrooves 11 and the cable increases from the load end to the tail end of thesecond capstan 2, the frictional force is spread evenly over thesecond capstan 2, as a result of which the cable, and thegrooves 11, are not subjected to unduly high frictional forces in any one place. At the same time, sufficient tension is maintained in the last few turns of cable adjacent the tail end to prevent the same from becoming slack.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB838311454A GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Winches |
GB8311454 | 1983-04-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0150187A1 EP0150187A1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
EP0150187B1 true EP0150187B1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
Family
ID=10541768
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84901789A Expired EP0150187B1 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-27 | Improvements in or relating to winches |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0150187B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60501156A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE32598T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU588217B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8406815A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1246540A (en) |
DD (1) | DD218340A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3469433D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK153021B (en) |
FI (1) | FI78053C (en) |
GB (2) | GB8311454D0 (en) |
HU (1) | HU195162B (en) |
IL (1) | IL71687A (en) |
IN (1) | IN160709B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1174524B (en) |
NO (1) | NO844918L (en) |
RO (1) | RO94168B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1984004291A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA843155B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TR22347A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1987-02-23 | Webb John Thomas H | DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANES OR WITH THE CRANES |
GB9713669D0 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1997-09-03 | Lewmar Marine Ltd | Winch |
NO973054L (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 1999-01-04 | Huse As I P | Drawing winch device |
CN102826475B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏科技大学 | Horizontal type inclined cable-tension attenuating winch |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2389878A (en) * | 1943-12-31 | 1945-11-27 | American Steel & Wire Co | Strand engaging drum |
US2685801A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1954-08-10 | Tishman David | Sheave tread |
FR1105165A (en) * | 1952-10-17 | 1955-11-28 | Entpr S Soc Gen | Winch improvements |
GB868968A (en) * | 1957-04-23 | 1961-05-25 | Gerald Alger Monroe Petersen | Apparatus for hauling in or hauling in and paying out transmission cable |
DE1221413B (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1966-07-21 | Nautec Corp | Cable winch with two traction sheaves and a storage drum |
FR1465703A (en) * | 1965-12-03 | 1967-01-13 | Chantiers De Nantes Atel | Operating and storage device for cables, trailers and the like |
US3776519A (en) * | 1972-01-11 | 1973-12-04 | Fairey Winches Ltd | Cable handling apparatus |
GB1599521A (en) * | 1977-01-20 | 1981-10-07 | Wharton Engs Elstree Ltd | Winches |
US4230306A (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1980-10-28 | Barlow Marine Limited | Self-tailing winch |
US4274606A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1981-06-23 | Hans Bernwall | Self-tailing winch |
DE3043125A1 (en) * | 1980-11-15 | 1982-07-01 | Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser, 2800 Bremen | Research ship friction windlass - has pulleys with grooves accommodating fishing net ropes |
-
1983
- 1983-04-27 GB GB838311454A patent/GB8311454D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-04-27 EP EP84901789A patent/EP0150187B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 IL IL71687A patent/IL71687A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 ZA ZA843155A patent/ZA843155B/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 GB GB08410905A patent/GB2138768B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 DE DE8484901789T patent/DE3469433D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 DD DD84262412A patent/DD218340A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 JP JP59501794A patent/JPS60501156A/en active Pending
- 1984-04-27 AU AU28670/84A patent/AU588217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-04-27 IT IT20732/84A patent/IT1174524B/en active
- 1984-04-27 BR BR8406815A patent/BR8406815A/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 AT AT84901789T patent/ATE32598T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 HU HU842419A patent/HU195162B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 CA CA000453196A patent/CA1246540A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 WO PCT/GB1984/000144 patent/WO1984004291A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-04-30 IN IN314/MAS/84A patent/IN160709B/en unknown
- 1984-12-07 NO NO844918A patent/NO844918L/en unknown
- 1984-12-20 FI FI845058A patent/FI78053C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-21 DK DK627384A patent/DK153021B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-12-25 RO RO116900A patent/RO94168B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL71687A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
JPS60501156A (en) | 1985-07-25 |
AU2867084A (en) | 1984-11-19 |
IN160709B (en) | 1987-08-01 |
GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
GB2138768B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
FI78053C (en) | 1989-06-12 |
IT8420732A1 (en) | 1985-10-27 |
ATE32598T1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
CA1246540A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
RO94168A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
GB8410905D0 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
DD218340A5 (en) | 1985-02-06 |
IL71687A0 (en) | 1984-07-31 |
AU588217B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
IT1174524B (en) | 1987-07-01 |
FI845058A0 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
DK627384D0 (en) | 1984-12-21 |
NO844918L (en) | 1984-12-07 |
FI845058L (en) | 1984-12-20 |
ZA843155B (en) | 1984-12-24 |
GB2138768A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
WO1984004291A1 (en) | 1984-11-08 |
RO94168B (en) | 1988-07-01 |
IT8420732A0 (en) | 1984-04-27 |
HU195162B (en) | 1988-04-28 |
FI78053B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
DK627384A (en) | 1984-12-21 |
BR8406815A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
EP0150187A1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
HUT34930A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
DK153021B (en) | 1988-06-06 |
DE3469433D1 (en) | 1988-03-31 |
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