EP0150187A1 - Improvements in or relating to winches. - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to winches.Info
- Publication number
- EP0150187A1 EP0150187A1 EP84901789A EP84901789A EP0150187A1 EP 0150187 A1 EP0150187 A1 EP 0150187A1 EP 84901789 A EP84901789 A EP 84901789A EP 84901789 A EP84901789 A EP 84901789A EP 0150187 A1 EP0150187 A1 EP 0150187A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winch
- capstan
- winch according
- cable
- friction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000551 Silumin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
- B66D1/60—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans adapted for special purposes
- B66D1/74—Capstans
- B66D1/7405—Capstans having two or more drums providing tractive force
Definitions
- THIS INVENTION relates to improvements in or relating to winches.
- Winches have been proposed, and are described and illustrated in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4 ⁇ 230,306, in which a tailing means is provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum.
- the tailing means is intended to receive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groove and/or a high friction material.
- An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the same is gripped by the tailing means.
- the tailing means holds the tail end of rope in position so that, on the one hand, an increase in the tension applied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns of rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not become slack and, possibly, foul the line.
- U.S. Patent Specification. No. 4,272,606 stresses that the area of increased friction must only be provided at the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tail end might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
- U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so that a large number of turns of cable are borne by the winch.
- the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly to balance the torque applied by the load about the two axes.
- This invention provides ⁇ winch comprising ⁇ rot ⁇ t ⁇ ble bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tension varies continuously, or sfepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
- the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis of the capstan. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
- the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient of friction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan.
- the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenance.
- the present invention enables the provision of a winch fn which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
- the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans.
- the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotat ⁇ on, for example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake ⁇ s provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan.
- the first and second capstans can continue to support a load even whilst parts of the driving mechanism are removed for inspection or repair.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a single-axis twin capstan winch in accordance with the invention
- Figure 2 illustrates the path followed by a cable guided by the twin capstan winch of Figure 1 .
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III- III of Figure 1.
- Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a second capstan 2, sharing a common rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves or grooved pulleys 3.
- three sheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 4 which is parallel to the common rotation axis of the first and second capstans 1, 2.
- a fourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 5 which is slightly offset from that axis to facilitate passing cable over the fourth sheave 3 and the single groove capstan 1.
- the capstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of a motor 6, a sun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of the motor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted on an integral shaft 9 of the second capstan 2 and an internal gear 10 of the first capstan 1.
- a brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of the capstans 1, 2 if desired.
- the second capstan 2 is provided with three circumferential grooves 1 1 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the three sheaves 3 on the parallel shaft 4 by half a groove's width.
- the circumferential grooves 1 1 comprise a high friction material and the coefficient of friction increases from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
- Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL20 with more than 12% silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive environments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropylenes and Ka ⁇ tex, which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin” and “Kautex” are Trade Names.
- each groove comprises alternating areas of Kautex and Silumin, the former providing the high friction component and the latter serving to support the cable.
- the coefficient of friction of at least some of the surface of the second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater than that of steel on steel.
- the density decreases exponentially from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
- the widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at a given cable tension.
Landscapes
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pulleys (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Tension Adjustment In Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Superheterodyne Receivers (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
- Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Friction Gearing (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
- Chain Conveyers (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Storage Of Web-Like Or Filamentary Materials (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
Un treuil comporte un cabestan (2) doté d'une pluralité de rainures périphériques (11). Les rainures (11) comportent un matériau à frottement élevé et la densité du matériau de chaque rainure (11) est différente, si bien que le coefficient de frottement de la surface portant le câble augmente de l'extrémité de charge à l'extrémité de queue du cabestan (2).A winch has a capstan (2) with a plurality of peripheral grooves (11). The grooves (11) are made of high friction material, and the material density of each groove (11) is different, so the coefficient of friction of the cable-carrying surface increases from the load end to the end of the cable. capstan tail (2).
Description
"improvements in or relating to winches"
THIS INVENTION relates to improvements in or relating to winches.
Winches have been proposed, and are described and illustrated in U.S. Patent Specification Nos. 4,274,606 and 4^230,306, in which a tailing means is provided at the tail end of a rotatable drum. The tailing means is intended to receive only a single turn of rope or cable and comprises a circumferential groove and/or a high friction material. An increase in tension in the turn of rope received by the tailing means has the effect of increasing the force with which the same is gripped by the tailing means. The tailing means holds the tail end of rope in position so that, on the one hand, an increase in the tension applied to the load end of the rope will not cause the turns of rope to slip around the drum and, on the other hand, the tail end of the rope will not become slack and, possibly, foul the line. U.S. Patent Specification. No. 4,272,606 stresses that the area of increased friction must only be provided at the tail end of the drum, because a number of turns of rope adjacent the tail end might otherwise become slack. Thus, in these previously proposed winches, the rope or cable and the cable bearing surface are subjected to uneven frictional wear.
U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,599,521 describes a dual axis quadruple capstan winch in which cable tension is overcome by providing a large number of grooves so that a large number of turns of cable are borne by the winch. However, because the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on more than one axis, it is difficult correctly to balance the torque applied by the load about the two axes.
It is an object of the present invention to enable the provision of a winch whereby the above disadvantages may be overcome or at least miligated.
This invention provides α winch comprising α rotαtσble bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tension varies continuously, or sfepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
Advantageously, the winch includes a capstan having a surface the coefficient of friction of which increases along the rotation axis of the capstan. Additionally, or alternatively, the winch comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
Thus, as the tension in the cable decreases, the friction acting between the cable and the capstan can be kept at substantially the same level by increasing the coefficient of friction and/or by decreasing the effective contact area (and thus increasing the pressure) between the cable and the capstan. As a result, the circumferential grooves are worn at substantially the same rate, facilitating maintenance. Also, whilst in the absence of the features of the present invention the cable tension would decrease very gradually as the number of turns of cable increases, the present invention enables the provision of a winch fn which cable tension is overcome in relatively few turns of cable, so that a single axis twin capstan winch, which has not been previously proposed, becomes feasible.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans. Preferably, the first and second capstans are drivable in contrarotatϊon, for example by means of an epicyclic gear train, and a brake ϊs provided for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other, so that they act as a single fixed capstan. When fixed in this way the first and second capstans can continue to support a load even whilst parts of the driving mechanism are removed for inspection or repair.
For a better understanding of the present invention, and to show how the same may be put into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a single-axis twin capstan winch in accordance with the invention,
Figure 2 illustrates the path followed by a cable guided by the twin capstan winch of Figure 1 , and
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III- III of Figure 1.
Referring now to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a twin capstan winch comprising a first, single groove, capstan 1 and a second capstan 2, sharing a common rotation axis, and a plurality of sheaves or grooved pulleys 3. As can be seen in Figure 3, three sheaves 3 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 4 which is parallel to the common rotation axis of the first and second capstans 1, 2.
Also, a fourth sheave 3 is rotatably mounted on a shaft 5 which is slightly offset from that axis to facilitate passing cable over the fourth sheave 3 and the single groove capstan 1. The capstans 1, 2 are adapted to be driven in rotation by means of a motor 6, a sun gear 7 fixed to a drive shaft of the motor 6, a planet gear 8 rotatably mounted on an integral shaft 9 of the second capstan 2 and an internal gear 10 of the first capstan 1. A brake (not shown) is also provided for preventing relative rotation of the capstans 1, 2 if desired.
The second capstan 2 is provided with three circumferential grooves 1 1 which are offset along the capstan rotation axis relative to the grooves of the three sheaves 3 on the parallel shaft 4 by half a groove's width. The circumferential grooves 1 1 comprise a high friction material and the coefficient of friction increases from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2.
Preferred high friction materials include Silumin, which is a high silicon content aluminium such as AL20 with more than 12% silicon content, and, for use in potentially corrosive environments, high friction polymers such as polyurethanes, polypropylenes and Kaυtex, which is a polyvinylchloride based material. "Silumin" and "Kautex" are Trade Names. In a preferred arrangement, each groove comprises alternating areas of Kautex and Silumin, the former providing the high friction component and the latter serving to support the cable. The coefficient of friction of at least some of the surface of the second capstan 2 for a steel cable should preferably be significantly greater
than that of steel on steel. It has been found that, for some materials at least, such as polyurethane, a relationship exists between the density of the material and its coefficient of friction for a given cable material. Accordingly, in one arrangement the density decreases exponentially from the high tension (load) end to the low tension (tail) end of the second capstan 2. The widths of the grooves may also be varied (not shown) so as to vary the pressure between the cable and the surface of each groove at a given cable tension.
During use, tension in the cable guided by the winch is overcome by friction between the cable and the capstans, so that the cable at the tail end of the winch is almost completely slack. At least 40%, and as much as 50%, of the cable tension is taken up by the first capstan 1 , about which the degree of wrap is between 250° and 280°, usually about 270°. The friction would normally decrease gradually from the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2. However, because the coefficient of friction between the grooves 1 1 and the cable increases from the load end to the tail end of the second capstan 2, the frictional force is spread evenly over the second capstan 2, as a result of which the cable, and the grooves N , are not subjected to unduly high frictional forces in any one place. At the same time, sufficient tension is maintained in the last few turns of cable adjacent the tail end to prevent the same from becoming slack.
Claims
1. A winch comprising a rotatable bearing surface for a cable, wherein the friction between the surface and a given cable material at a given cable tension varies continuously, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along a rotational axis.
2. A winch according to Claim 1, wherein the coefficient of friction of the surface for a given cable material increases gradually, or stepwise in a plurality of steps, along the rotational axis.
3. A winch according to Claim 2, wherein the surface comprises a high friction material.
4. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the coefficient of friction of the high friction material on steel is substantially greater than the coefficient of friction of steel on steel.
5. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the high friction material comprises a high friction polymer.
6. A winch according to Claim 5, wherein the high friction polymer is a polyurethane, a polypropylene or a polyvinylchloride.
7. A winch according to Claim 3, wherein the high friction material comprises silicon enriched aluminium.
8. A winch according to Claim 2, which comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the coefficient of friction of the surface of each groove being different.
9. A winch according to Claim 2, wherein the surface comprises material the density of which decreases. exponentially along the rotational axis.
10. A winch according to Claim 1 , which comprises a capstan provided with a plurality of circumferential grooves, the cable bearing surface area of each groove being different.
11. A winch according to any one of the preceding claims, which is a single axis twin capstan winch.
12. A capstan winch in which the driving capstans of the winch are disposed on a single axis and comprise first and second capstans.
13. A capstan winch according to Claim 12, wherein the first and second capstans are drivable in rotation, and linked to each other, by means of an epϊcyclϊc gear train.
14. A capstan winch according to Claim 12 or 13, which further comprises means for securing the first and second capstans against rotation with respect to each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838311454A GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1983-04-27 | Winches |
| GB8311454 | 1983-04-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0150187A1 true EP0150187A1 (en) | 1985-08-07 |
| EP0150187B1 EP0150187B1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
Family
ID=10541768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84901789A Expired EP0150187B1 (en) | 1983-04-27 | 1984-04-27 | Improvements in or relating to winches |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0150187B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60501156A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE32598T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU588217B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8406815A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1246540A (en) |
| DD (1) | DD218340A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3469433D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK153021B (en) |
| FI (1) | FI78053C (en) |
| GB (2) | GB8311454D0 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU195162B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL71687A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN160709B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1174524B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO844918L (en) |
| RO (1) | RO94168B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984004291A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA843155B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR22347A (en) * | 1984-10-30 | 1987-02-23 | Webb John Thomas H | DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRANES OR WITH THE CRANES |
| GB9713669D0 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 1997-09-03 | Lewmar Marine Ltd | Winch |
| NO973054L (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 1999-01-04 | Huse As I P | Drawing winch device |
| CN102826475B (en) * | 2012-09-10 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏科技大学 | Horizontal type inclined cable-tension attenuating winch |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2389878A (en) * | 1943-12-31 | 1945-11-27 | American Steel & Wire Co | Strand engaging drum |
| US2685801A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1954-08-10 | Tishman David | Sheave tread |
| FR1105165A (en) * | 1952-10-17 | 1955-11-28 | Entpr S Soc Gen | Winch improvements |
| GB868968A (en) * | 1957-04-23 | 1961-05-25 | Gerald Alger Monroe Petersen | Apparatus for hauling in or hauling in and paying out transmission cable |
| DE1221413B (en) * | 1961-10-25 | 1966-07-21 | Nautec Corp | Cable winch with two traction sheaves and a storage drum |
| FR1465703A (en) * | 1965-12-03 | 1967-01-13 | Chantiers De Nantes Atel | Operating and storage device for cables, trailers and the like |
| US3776519A (en) * | 1972-01-11 | 1973-12-04 | Fairey Winches Ltd | Cable handling apparatus |
| GB1599521A (en) * | 1977-01-20 | 1981-10-07 | Wharton Engs Elstree Ltd | Winches |
| US4230306A (en) * | 1978-02-21 | 1980-10-28 | Barlow Marine Limited | Self-tailing winch |
| US4274606A (en) * | 1979-08-30 | 1981-06-23 | Hans Bernwall | Self-tailing winch |
| DE3043125A1 (en) * | 1980-11-15 | 1982-07-01 | Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser, 2800 Bremen | Research ship friction windlass - has pulleys with grooves accommodating fishing net ropes |
-
1983
- 1983-04-27 GB GB838311454A patent/GB8311454D0/en active Pending
-
1984
- 1984-04-27 GB GB08410905A patent/GB2138768B/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 AT AT84901789T patent/ATE32598T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 DD DD84262412A patent/DD218340A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 IL IL71687A patent/IL71687A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 ZA ZA843155A patent/ZA843155B/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 EP EP84901789A patent/EP0150187B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 CA CA000453196A patent/CA1246540A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 IT IT20732/84A patent/IT1174524B/en active
- 1984-04-27 AU AU28670/84A patent/AU588217B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-04-27 DE DE8484901789T patent/DE3469433D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-04-27 HU HU842419A patent/HU195162B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-04-27 WO PCT/GB1984/000144 patent/WO1984004291A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-04-27 BR BR8406815A patent/BR8406815A/en unknown
- 1984-04-27 JP JP59501794A patent/JPS60501156A/en active Pending
- 1984-04-30 IN IN314/MAS/84A patent/IN160709B/en unknown
- 1984-12-07 NO NO844918A patent/NO844918L/en unknown
- 1984-12-20 FI FI845058A patent/FI78053C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-21 DK DK627384A patent/DK153021B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-12-25 RO RO116900A patent/RO94168B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO8404291A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8311454D0 (en) | 1983-06-02 |
| ZA843155B (en) | 1984-12-24 |
| DK627384D0 (en) | 1984-12-21 |
| DK153021B (en) | 1988-06-06 |
| DD218340A5 (en) | 1985-02-06 |
| GB8410905D0 (en) | 1984-06-06 |
| RO94168A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| AU2867084A (en) | 1984-11-19 |
| ATE32598T1 (en) | 1988-03-15 |
| IL71687A (en) | 1987-12-31 |
| FI78053C (en) | 1989-06-12 |
| IT1174524B (en) | 1987-07-01 |
| DK627384A (en) | 1984-12-21 |
| IN160709B (en) | 1987-08-01 |
| FI78053B (en) | 1989-02-28 |
| IT8420732A0 (en) | 1984-04-27 |
| GB2138768B (en) | 1986-04-23 |
| HU195162B (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| NO844918L (en) | 1984-12-07 |
| RO94168B (en) | 1988-07-01 |
| IT8420732A1 (en) | 1985-10-27 |
| WO1984004291A1 (en) | 1984-11-08 |
| JPS60501156A (en) | 1985-07-25 |
| EP0150187B1 (en) | 1988-02-24 |
| BR8406815A (en) | 1985-03-19 |
| FI845058L (en) | 1984-12-20 |
| CA1246540A (en) | 1988-12-13 |
| GB2138768A (en) | 1984-10-31 |
| HUT34930A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| FI845058A0 (en) | 1984-12-20 |
| IL71687A0 (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| AU588217B2 (en) | 1989-09-14 |
| DE3469433D1 (en) | 1988-03-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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