CA1202442A - Pipes made of polypropylene reinforced with carbon fibers - Google Patents
Pipes made of polypropylene reinforced with carbon fibersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1202442A CA1202442A CA000385921A CA385921A CA1202442A CA 1202442 A CA1202442 A CA 1202442A CA 000385921 A CA000385921 A CA 000385921A CA 385921 A CA385921 A CA 385921A CA 1202442 A CA1202442 A CA 1202442A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polypropylene
- parts
- weight
- carbon fibers
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920005606 polypropylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004801 Chlorinated PVC Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101800000246 Allatostatin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100036608 Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic Human genes 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NRIMHVFWRMABGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C(C(=O)O)=C(C(O)=O)C1C=C2 NRIMHVFWRMABGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000457 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- MASNVFNHVJIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(ethoxy)silicon Chemical compound CCO[Si]C=C MASNVFNHVJIXLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/12—Polypropene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08L23/14—Copolymers of propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/26—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/12—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement
- F16L9/127—Rigid pipes of plastics with or without reinforcement the walls consisting of a single layer
- F16L9/128—Reinforced pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
- F24D3/146—Tubes specially adapted for underfloor heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2307/00—Use of elements other than metals as reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6399880A JPS56160481A (en) | 1980-05-16 | 1980-05-16 | Carbon fiber reinforced pipe made of polypropylene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1202442A true CA1202442A (en) | 1986-03-25 |
Family
ID=13245437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385921A Expired CA1202442A (en) | 1980-05-16 | 1981-09-15 | Pipes made of polypropylene reinforced with carbon fibers |
Country Status (5)
Families Citing this family (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH086010B2 (ja) * | 1985-08-10 | 1996-01-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | インストルメントパネルの製造方法 |
| JPS6257428A (ja) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-13 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガラス繊維強化複合体 |
| JPS6268823A (ja) * | 1985-09-20 | 1987-03-28 | Ube Ind Ltd | ガラス繊維強化複合体 |
| US5248719A (en) * | 1987-09-26 | 1993-09-28 | Huels Aktiengesellschaft | Solid coating composition for textile floor coverings |
| DE3820866C2 (de) * | 1988-06-21 | 1996-06-05 | Sgl Technik Gmbh | Rohr für Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher |
| JP2819611B2 (ja) * | 1989-05-09 | 1998-10-30 | ミノルタ株式会社 | 現像装置及びこれに用いる現像剤担持体 |
| DE3931613C1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1989-09-22 | 1990-09-20 | Petzetakis, George Aristovoulos, Piraeus, Gr | |
| KR930019643A (ko) | 1991-06-27 | 1993-10-18 | 크누트 샤우에르테, 클라우스 대너 | 2-(4-치환된 페닐히드라지노)-2-티아졸린 및 2-(4-치환된 페닐아조)-2-티아졸린, 이들의 제조방법 및 외부기생층을 구제하기 위한 이들의 용도 |
| US5704600A (en) * | 1995-12-05 | 1998-01-06 | Robinson; Brian Owen | Power operated clamp assembly |
| RU2107622C1 (ru) * | 1996-07-01 | 1998-03-27 | Акционерное общество "Центр перспективных разработок" Акционерного общества "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт специального машиностроения" | Способ изготовления высокопрочных труб-оболочек из композиционных материалов (варианты) |
| US6077580A (en) * | 1996-07-01 | 2000-06-20 | Center Perspektivnykh Razrabotok | Composite shell shaped as a body of revolution and a method of forming the same |
| US5853865A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1998-12-29 | General Motors Corporation | Treatment of vapor-grown carbon fibers for fiber-polymer matrix composites |
| DE19734417C1 (de) * | 1997-08-08 | 1998-12-24 | Inst Verbundwerkstoffe Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Prepregs |
| US6119843A (en) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-09-19 | Robinson; Brian Owen | Retractable stop assembly |
| US20050284562A1 (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2005-12-29 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and methods for forming thermoplastic clamshell components |
| EP1672344B1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-08-13 | Insensys Oil & Gas Limited | Structural joint strain monitoring apparatus and system |
| JP4898179B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-07 | 2012-03-14 | 株式会社プライムポリマー | 内燃機関の吸気系部品用樹脂組成物及び吸気系部品 |
| KR101526742B1 (ko) | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-05 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 성형성이 우수한 탄소섬유 보강 폴리프로필렌 수지 조성물 |
| KR101768695B1 (ko) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-08-16 | 롯데케미칼 주식회사 | 연속 섬유 복합재 및 그 제조방법 |
| GB201616706D0 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2016-11-16 | Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited | Thermoplastic composite |
| CN108690259B (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2022-07-12 | 广州金发碳纤维新材料发展有限公司 | 一种碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN109957174A (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2019-07-02 | 宜兴市宜泰碳纤维织造有限公司 | 一种改进的碳纤维管道复合材料 |
| CN114685896B (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-07-25 | 杭州泰德机电有限公司 | 一种高抗拉伸阻燃耐热mpp管材的制备方法 |
| CN117050454B (zh) * | 2023-08-30 | 2024-11-05 | 合肥乾润钢塑有限公司 | 一种抗冲击聚丙烯复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1251641A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1967-08-10 | 1971-10-27 | ||
| JPS4913244A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1972-05-17 | 1974-02-05 | ||
| JPS5627536B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1973-06-04 | 1981-06-25 | ||
| US4057610A (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1977-11-08 | Monsanto Company | Hose reinforced with discontinuous fibers oriented in the radial direction |
-
1980
- 1980-05-16 JP JP6399880A patent/JPS56160481A/ja active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-07-30 GB GB08123424A patent/GB2104536B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-08-06 DE DE3131152A patent/DE3131152C2/de not_active Expired
- 1981-09-15 CA CA000385921A patent/CA1202442A/en not_active Expired
-
1983
- 1983-12-20 US US06/563,540 patent/US4469138A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56160481A (en) | 1981-12-10 |
| GB2104536A (en) | 1983-03-09 |
| DE3131152A1 (de) | 1983-02-24 |
| JPH0122518B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1989-04-26 |
| US4469138A (en) | 1984-09-04 |
| GB2104536B (en) | 1985-08-21 |
| DE3131152C2 (de) | 1985-01-24 |
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