CA1202072A - Batteries fabricated with electroactive polymers - Google Patents
Batteries fabricated with electroactive polymersInfo
- Publication number
- CA1202072A CA1202072A CA000418618A CA418618A CA1202072A CA 1202072 A CA1202072 A CA 1202072A CA 000418618 A CA000418618 A CA 000418618A CA 418618 A CA418618 A CA 418618A CA 1202072 A CA1202072 A CA 1202072A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- phenylene
- polymer
- group
- benzo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 117
- -1 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 45
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Phenylquinoline Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenoxazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 TZMSYXZUNZXBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 claims description 13
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001197 polyacetylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- LOCUXGFHUYBUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C12 LOCUXGFHUYBUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JWLNXHODHNBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-f][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=C2SC=NC2=CC2=C1N=CS2 JWLNXHODHNBWPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 4
- SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GDAXJBDYNVDMDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-benzotriazine Chemical compound N1=NC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 GDAXJBDYNVDMDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoselenazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[se]C=NC2=C1 AIGNCQCMONAWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 VMLKTERJLVWEJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VSOSXKMEQPYESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC2=CC=CN=C21 VSOSXKMEQPYESP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MXBVNILGVJVVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 MXBVNILGVJVVMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCMMECMKVPHMDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-naphthyridine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C=NC=CC2=C1 HCMMECMKVPHMDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QWNCDHYYJATYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 QWNCDHYYJATYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JTCXNGLQZYVVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline;quinazoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21.N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JTCXNGLQZYVVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 NFBOHOGPQUYFRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005030 phenoxathiins Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FQOBINBWTPHVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazino[2,3-b]pyrazine Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=NC=CN=C21 FQOBINBWTPHVEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OUFHXMSGJIYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazino[2,3-c]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=NC=CN=C21 OUFHXMSGJIYFPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XFEVEGNEHPLFGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazino[2,3-d]pyridazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 XFEVEGNEHPLFGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YXBOXLOZVKXYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazino[3,4-d]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=NC=C2N=NC=CC2=C1 YXBOXLOZVKXYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JBFWVXIWQBWEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazino[4,5-d]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=NC=C2C=NN=CC2=C1 JBFWVXIWQBWEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HWFIEDPFDQRJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine;pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine Chemical compound N1=CC=NC2=CC=CN=C21.C1=NC=CC2=NC=CN=C21 HWFIEDPFDQRJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UDJFFSGCRRMVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CN=C21 UDJFFSGCRRMVFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GHKGSHZMWWDYKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazine Chemical compound N1=CN=NC2=CC=CN=C21 GHKGSHZMWWDYKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC2=CC=CN=C21 BWESROVQGZSBRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IHYJXEQIZYROGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=NC=C2C=NC=CC2=C1 IHYJXEQIZYROGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PAQYIEZTLSDLQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=C2C=NC=CC2=C1 PAQYIEZTLSDLQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PLZDHJUUEGCXJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2C=NC=CC2=N1 PLZDHJUUEGCXJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UVGCYMVPDRDDDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N=NC=CC2=C1 UVGCYMVPDRDDDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KXNFMBIDXYJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=NC=NC=C21 KXNFMBIDXYJDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGDYVSSVBYMOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=NC2=NC=NC=C21 QGDYVSSVBYMOJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MOLVBKBUIUHRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazine Chemical compound N1=NC=NC2=NC=NC=C21 MOLVBKBUIUHRRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JOZPEVMCAKXSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=NC=C21 JOZPEVMCAKXSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005029 thianthrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrooxadiazole Chemical compound N1NC=CO1 VEUMBMHMMCOFAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SSNMISUJOQAFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=C2C=NC=CC2=C1 SSNMISUJOQAFRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015103 LixWO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MEJRCKJUWUBSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]selenazolo[5,4-f][1,3]benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=C2SC=NC2=CC2=C1N=C[se]2 MEJRCKJUWUBSOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GEAWFZNTIFJMHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-diene Chemical compound C=CCCCC=C GEAWFZNTIFJMHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GIVUQTUKKWDKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrido[2,3-d]pyridazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CN=C21 GIVUQTUKKWDKHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ZIZMDHZLHJBNSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrophenazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N=C(C=CCC3)C3=NC2=C1 ZIZMDHZLHJBNSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-selenazole Chemical compound C1=C[se]C=N1 ODIRBFFBCSTPTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BAPDWOBBGGGGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine;2,6-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21.N1=CC=C2C=NC=CC2=C1 BAPDWOBBGGGGOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003012 LixTiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001356 alkyl thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000379 polypropylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 105
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 39
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 38
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethanolamine hydrochloride Natural products NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- WKHDVHMRMDBUMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C=3OC4=CC=CC=C4N=3)=NC2=C1 WKHDVHMRMDBUMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 7
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940032159 propylene carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940100630 metacresol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;quinoline Chemical compound [NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CO1 FKASFBLJDCHBNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000292 Polyquinoline Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,4-thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=NN=CS1 MBIZXFATKUQOOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKAIWNDBVZJOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dithiine Chemical compound S1C=CSC=C1 AKAIWNDBVZJOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017048 AsF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013457 Dissociation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910015400 FeC13 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013462 LiC104 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019785 NBF4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003092 TiS2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008483 TiSe2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PMJNNCUVWHTTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,3]oxazolo[5,4-f][1,3]benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=C2OC=NC2=CC2=C1N=CO2 PMJNNCUVWHTTMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940075397 calomel Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004770 chalcogenides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005678 ethenylene group Chemical group [H]C([*:1])=C([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010094 polymer processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003334 potential effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003252 quinoxalines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33450981A | 1981-12-28 | 1981-12-28 | |
| US33450881A | 1981-12-28 | 1981-12-28 | |
| US334,509 | 1981-12-28 | ||
| US334,508 | 1981-12-28 | ||
| US44858582A | 1982-12-15 | 1982-12-15 | |
| US448,585 | 1982-12-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1202072A true CA1202072A (en) | 1986-03-18 |
Family
ID=27406981
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000418618A Expired CA1202072A (en) | 1981-12-28 | 1982-12-24 | Batteries fabricated with electroactive polymers |
Country Status (9)
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2527843B1 (fr) * | 1982-06-01 | 1986-01-24 | Thomson Csf | Electrode comprenant un film de polymere electrochrome pouvant servir dans un dispositif d'affichage ou de stockage d'energie |
| FR2527844B1 (fr) * | 1982-06-01 | 1986-01-24 | Thomson Csf | Dispositif electrochromique pouvant servir au stockage d'energie et systeme d'affichage electrochromique |
| US4505840A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1985-03-19 | Chevron Research Company | Heterocyclic electroactive polymers |
| DE3249532T1 (de) * | 1982-11-17 | 1985-01-10 | Chevron Research Co., San Francisco, Calif. | Elektroaktives Polymeres |
| US4522745A (en) * | 1982-11-17 | 1985-06-11 | Chevron Research Company | Fused 5,6,5-membered heterocyclic electroactive polymers |
| US4544615A (en) * | 1983-05-04 | 1985-10-01 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Battery having electrode made of polymeric compound having conjugated double bonds |
| US4537843A (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1985-08-27 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Secondary battery |
| US4613211A (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1986-09-23 | Chevron Research Company | Electrochromic devices |
| US4512855A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1985-04-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Deposition of metals as interlayers within organic polymeric films |
| US4717673A (en) * | 1984-11-23 | 1988-01-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Microelectrochemical devices |
| DE3525271A1 (de) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-01-29 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Elektrochemische speicherzelle |
| FR2698631B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-01 | 1995-02-10 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Copolymères à propriétés rédox et leur utilisation pour l'élaboration de matériaux à conduction mixte. |
| US7538032B2 (en) | 2005-06-23 | 2009-05-26 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Low temperature method for fabricating high-aspect ratio vias and devices fabricated by said method |
| US7989915B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2011-08-02 | Teledyne Licensing, Llc | Vertical electrical device |
| US7829462B2 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2010-11-09 | Teledyne Licensing, Llc | Through-wafer vias |
| US8187972B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2012-05-29 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Through-substrate vias with polymer fill and method of fabricating same |
| US8088667B2 (en) | 2008-11-05 | 2012-01-03 | Teledyne Scientific & Imaging, Llc | Method of fabricating vertical capacitors in through-substrate vias |
| WO2012016925A2 (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-09 | Basf Se | Semiconductor materials prepared from bridged bithiazole copolymers |
| TW201236239A (en) | 2010-11-16 | 2012-09-01 | Solvay | Rechargeable metal or metal-ion cell |
| EP2702085A1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2014-03-05 | Basf Se | Semiconductor materials based on dithienopyridone copolymers |
| US10985353B2 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2021-04-20 | Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy S.P.A. | Secondary batteries |
| DE102012200827A1 (de) * | 2012-01-20 | 2013-07-25 | Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. | Verwendung eines Polymernetzwerkes als Kathodenmaterial für wiederaufladbare Batterien |
| DE102012015176A1 (de) * | 2012-08-02 | 2014-02-06 | Technische Universität Braunschweig Carolo-Wilhelmina | Redoxelektrolyt mit redoxaktiver Substanz für Redox-Flow-Batterien |
| NO2751376T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 2014-02-13 | 2018-03-24 | ||
| EP3422450B1 (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-08-05 | RISE Acreo AB | Oxygen associated energy conversion device |
| KR102846661B1 (ko) * | 2020-03-26 | 2025-08-18 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 이차전지용 전해액 첨가제, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액 및 리튬 이차전지 |
| CN115353471B (zh) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-12-05 | 陕西师范大学 | 一种蒽嵌蒽醌聚合物有机电极材料及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1526657A (fr) * | 1966-06-13 | 1968-05-24 | California Inst Res Found | Pile électro-chimique |
| FR94536E (fr) * | 1967-02-20 | 1969-08-29 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Électrodes a base de semi-conducteurs organiques et générateurs électrochimiques mettant en oeuvre de telles électrodes. |
| DE2043477C3 (de) * | 1970-07-14 | 1981-11-05 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Elektrisch leitende Polymere |
| US4182797A (en) * | 1975-09-17 | 1980-01-08 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Primary battery utilizing iodine charge transfer complex having a quaternary ammonium group |
| US4181779A (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-01-01 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Cell using halogen reactive material such as organo-metallic polymer |
| US4442187A (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1984-04-10 | University Patents, Inc. | Batteries having conjugated polymer electrodes |
| DE3009350A1 (de) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-09-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung elektrisch leitfaehiger heteropolyaromaten und den verwendung in der elektrotechnik und zur antistatischen ausruestung von kunststo ffen |
-
1982
- 1982-12-24 CA CA000418618A patent/CA1202072A/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-24 IL IL67556A patent/IL67556A/xx unknown
- 1982-12-28 IT IT25007/82A patent/IT1155087B/it active
- 1982-12-28 GB GB08320507A patent/GB2122804B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-28 JP JP83500581A patent/JPS59500033A/ja active Pending
- 1982-12-28 DE DE198383900470T patent/DE96723T1/de active Pending
- 1982-12-28 EP EP83900470A patent/EP0096723B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-28 DE DE19823249282 patent/DE3249282T1/de active Granted
- 1982-12-28 DE DE8383900470T patent/DE3278898D1/de not_active Expired
- 1982-12-28 NL NL8220498A patent/NL8220498A/nl unknown
- 1982-12-28 WO PCT/US1982/001801 patent/WO1983002368A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3278898D1 (en) | 1988-09-15 |
| WO1983002368A1 (en) | 1983-07-07 |
| EP0096723A1 (en) | 1983-12-28 |
| JPS59500033A (ja) | 1984-01-05 |
| IL67556A0 (en) | 1983-05-15 |
| DE3249282T1 (de) | 1984-12-13 |
| IT8225007A1 (it) | 1984-06-28 |
| NL8220498A (nl) | 1983-11-01 |
| IT1155087B (it) | 1987-01-21 |
| IL67556A (en) | 1987-10-20 |
| GB2122804A (en) | 1984-01-18 |
| GB2122804B (en) | 1986-02-05 |
| EP0096723B1 (en) | 1988-08-10 |
| IT8225007A0 (it) | 1982-12-28 |
| DE96723T1 (de) | 1984-07-19 |
| GB8320507D0 (en) | 1983-09-01 |
| DE3249282C2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1992-04-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |