CA1157169A - Annihilation radiation analysis - Google Patents
Annihilation radiation analysisInfo
- Publication number
- CA1157169A CA1157169A CA000366511A CA366511A CA1157169A CA 1157169 A CA1157169 A CA 1157169A CA 000366511 A CA000366511 A CA 000366511A CA 366511 A CA366511 A CA 366511A CA 1157169 A CA1157169 A CA 1157169A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- elements
- measurement
- rays
- gamma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100456536 Caenorhabditis elegans mec-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000516 activation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003250 coal slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005442 electron-positron pair Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003947 neutron activation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
- G01N23/203—Measuring back scattering
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/17—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector
- G01T1/178—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector for measuring specific activity in the presence of other radioactive substances, e.g. natural, in the air or in liquids such as rain water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/045—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation combination of at least 2 measurements (transmission and scatter)
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
- G01N2223/053—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection back scatter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/05—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection
- G01N2223/063—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation by diffraction, scatter or reflection inelastic scatter, e.g. Compton effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/101—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation
- G01N2223/1013—Different kinds of radiation or particles electromagnetic radiation gamma
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/10—Different kinds of radiation or particles
- G01N2223/108—Different kinds of radiation or particles positrons; electron-positron annihilation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/20—Sources of radiation
- G01N2223/202—Sources of radiation isotopes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/612—Specific applications or type of materials biological material
- G01N2223/6123—Specific applications or type of materials biological material bone mineral
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/613—Specific applications or type of materials moisture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/616—Specific applications or type of materials earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
- G01N2223/60—Specific applications or type of materials
- G01N2223/617—Specific applications or type of materials ash in coal
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPE179779 | 1979-12-20 | ||
| AUPE1797 | 1979-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1157169A true CA1157169A (en) | 1983-11-15 |
Family
ID=3768385
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000366511A Expired CA1157169A (en) | 1979-12-20 | 1980-12-10 | Annihilation radiation analysis |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4415804A (enFirst) |
| JP (1) | JPS56103358A (enFirst) |
| AU (1) | AU546141B2 (enFirst) |
| CA (1) | CA1157169A (enFirst) |
| DE (1) | DE3047824C2 (enFirst) |
| GB (1) | GB2065876B (enFirst) |
| ZA (1) | ZA807688B (enFirst) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI61361C (fi) * | 1980-09-15 | 1982-07-12 | Outokumpu Oy | Foerfarande och anordning foer analys av malm med anvaendning av gammastraolning |
| GB8523060D0 (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1985-10-23 | Cogent Ltd | Coal analysis |
| US4835390A (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-05-30 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Apparatus and method for measuring bulk density using positron scattering and annihilation |
| GB8820074D0 (en) * | 1988-08-24 | 1988-09-28 | Starnes P E | Improvements in radiometric analysis |
| US4980901A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-12-25 | The Titan Corporation | Apparatus for and methods of detecting common explosive materials |
| WO1992003722A1 (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1992-03-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Detection of explosives and other materials using resonance fluorescence, resonance absorption, and other electromagnetic processes with bremsstrahlung radiation |
| DE19622758A1 (de) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-11 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Verfahren zur Detektion eines Körpers innerhalb eines Untersuchungsbereichs und Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| RU2146815C1 (ru) * | 1997-05-20 | 2000-03-20 | Томский политехнический университет | Способ контроля качества твердосплавного и алмазного породоразрушающего инструмента |
| US7375359B1 (en) * | 2003-05-22 | 2008-05-20 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Portable X-ray fluorescence instrument with tapered absorption collar |
| DE602004026293D1 (de) * | 2003-05-22 | 2010-05-12 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Tragbares röntgenfluoreszenzgerät mit flexibler ab |
| US7375358B1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2008-05-20 | Thermo Niton Analyzers Llc | Radiation shield for portable x-ray fluorescence instruments |
| CN102890095B (zh) * | 2004-07-08 | 2015-11-18 | 护照系统公司 | 用于确定材料的平均原子序数和质量的方法和系统 |
| CN101151523B (zh) * | 2005-02-22 | 2011-01-26 | 护照系统公司 | 在用于材料检测和成像的非侵入式集装箱检查中具有核共振荧光的接近单色的和可调谐的光子源 |
| CN101305343A (zh) * | 2005-11-09 | 2008-11-12 | 护照系统公司 | 货物和货品的主动非侵入性检查和验证的方法与系统 |
| WO2009002927A2 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-31 | Services Petroliers Schlumberger | Method of determining petro-physical information with high energy gamma rays |
| JP4832463B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-24 | 2011-12-07 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | ディスクブレーキ |
| US8700333B2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2014-04-15 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Apparatus and algorithm for measuring formation bulk density |
| CN105842261B (zh) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-02-15 | 中国农业大学 | 一种基于时域传输的土壤水分测量传感器及实现方法 |
| US10908101B2 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-02-02 | Core Laboratories Lp | System and method for analyzing subsurface core samples |
| EA038002B1 (ru) * | 2020-02-06 | 2021-06-22 | Юрий Пак | Способ контроля качества твердого топлива |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE628322A (enFirst) * | 1962-02-12 | |||
| NL133961C (enFirst) | 1964-01-08 | |||
| GB1183514A (en) | 1967-04-28 | 1970-03-11 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to the analysis of materials |
| US3529153A (en) * | 1968-05-15 | 1970-09-15 | Halliburton Co | Methods and apparatus for measuring slurry density with gamma rays |
| US3638484A (en) | 1968-11-05 | 1972-02-01 | Schlumberger Technology Corp | Methods of processing well logging data |
| JPS5160591A (en) | 1974-11-22 | 1976-05-26 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Keiko x seniobunsekisochi |
| ZA766086B (en) * | 1975-10-29 | 1977-07-27 | Atomic Energy Commission | Analysis of coal |
| US4266132A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1981-05-05 | Mdh Industries, Inc. | Apparatus for controlling neutrons escaping from an elemental analyzer measuring gamma rays arising from neutron capture in bulk substances |
| DE2727989C3 (de) * | 1977-06-22 | 1980-05-08 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Einrichtung zur Bestimmung von Uran und/oder Thorium in Erzproben |
| ZA795087B (en) * | 1978-10-02 | 1981-04-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Measurement of the ash content of coal |
-
1979
- 1979-12-20 AU AU65048/80A patent/AU546141B2/en not_active Expired
-
1980
- 1980-12-04 US US06/213,149 patent/US4415804A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-12-09 ZA ZA00807688A patent/ZA807688B/xx unknown
- 1980-12-10 CA CA000366511A patent/CA1157169A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-10 GB GB8039614A patent/GB2065876B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-18 DE DE3047824A patent/DE3047824C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1980-12-19 JP JP17907580A patent/JPS56103358A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4415804A (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| AU6504880A (en) | 1981-10-29 |
| JPH028653B2 (enFirst) | 1990-02-26 |
| GB2065876A (en) | 1981-07-01 |
| DE3047824C2 (de) | 1994-02-03 |
| JPS56103358A (en) | 1981-08-18 |
| DE3047824A1 (de) | 1981-10-29 |
| AU546141B2 (en) | 1985-08-15 |
| GB2065876B (en) | 1983-12-07 |
| ZA807688B (en) | 1981-12-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |