CA1102512A - Cleaning and de-oiling of textile materials with a perchloroethylene based compound - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the present invention is a process for anti-deposition of dirt on textiles made of natural, synthetic or artificial fibers or their mixtures during. dry cleaning or de-sizing operations using stabilized perchlorethylene. It is characterized by the fact that there is incorporated into this perchlorethylene, a sufficient amount of one or more nitriles chosen from the group of those whose boiling point is less than or equal to 130.degree.C and, preferably , less than 130.degree.C, and those forming with perchlorethylene an azeotrope whose boiling point is less than or equal to 130.degree.C, to observe the "anti-graying" effect. Application of said process to textile materials, for example cotton, wool, polyester, polyacrylonitrile and polyamide.

Description

5 ~ 2 The present invention relates to a method of dry cleaning and sizing of textiles for the purpose prevent fouling from redepositing on a substrate natural, artificial, synthetic or mixed fibers of these same fibers and thus keep it suspended in the liquid bath during cleaning or desensing, the soiling of this substrate.
The subject of the invention is also a composition based on perchlorethylene for dry cleaning and desizing of textiles, in order to prevent soiling ' of a substrate to redeposit on this substrate.
It is well known that during cleaning operations dry or desensing using perchlorethylene, textiles fabrics or knits, dirt extracted from textiles has.
tendency to redeposit on these same textiles, especially when perchlorethylene is not regularly regenerated, which ~ -accentuates the phenomenon of "graying" of textiles, more easily observed on white or light-colored fabrics.
The factors that can influence this redeposition `~
are multiple and the complexity of the phenomenon depends mainly- -- ment of the diversity of fibers used in the same .-:
cleaning bath, and the humidity of the ambient atmosphere. `- ~
~ various anti-redeposition agents have already been ~
proposed for washing textiles in an aqueous medium, especially cellulose derivatives.
For cleaning in organic solvent medium, it is known that certain reinforcers have an anti-redepo-sition, in particular the oxazines and amides substituted for more than 10 carbon atoms described in the French patent no 1,386,783 and its addition no 89,341.
However, these reinforcers, whether those used in an organic medium or those in an aqueous medium, present try the major drawback of not being distillable and must therefore be added after each regeneration operation ' soiled solvent.
The object of the present invention is to avoid the redeposition and thus very considerably limit the -`
phenomenon of "graying" during dry cleaning or sizing of textiles made of synthetic and artificial fibers, natural or mixed, while making it recoverable and reusable the anti-redeposition agent of the invention since this and perchlorethylene distill at each regeneration bath ration.
The Applicant has surprisingly found that we could very substantially reduce the redeposition of soiling by use, in perchlorethylene suitably stabilized, of at least one nitrile chosen from the group of those with a lower boiling point or equal to 130C under normal pressure, and of those forming with the perchlorethylene an azeotrope whose boiling point ~ ' is less than or equal to 130C.
The subject of the invention is therefore a method of anti redeposition of dirt during dry cleaning, or sizing using suitable perchlorethylene stabilizes, process characterized by the fact that to observe;
the effect seeks to limit the phenomenon of "graying" of textiles, added to stabilized perchlorethylene and / or to the bath -dry cleaning or sizing, a sufficient amount;
at least one nitrile chosen from the group of those having a boiling point not exceeding 130C and, preferably, from 95 to 120C, and those forming with perchlorethylene a '~
azeotropic whose boiling point is lower or equal - 8 130C and preferably greater than 80 C. ~
Such nitriles can be chosen from those ~ ' represented by the general formula:
R - CN ~

- 2 - ~ ' ~ P2S; ~ Z
in which R can represent a C1-C5 alkyl group, -C1-C6 alkenyl or C3-C5 cycloalkyl.
The search for anti-redeposition effect is observed by implementing proportions that can sucking carier the nitrile considered. In general, the most effective nitriles like acetonitrile and propionitrile, exert an appreciable effect cia ~ the anti-redeposition from a content of 0.2 ~ by weight in perchlorethylene, while for others, such as chlo-racetonitrile, the optimum effect is observed at levels of approx.
6% by weight. We prefer, however, to implement nitriles whose effeL becomes appreciable or optimum at levels ~ -between 1 and 2.5 ~ by weight in perchlorethylene.
Perchlorethylene can be stabilized by any agent appropriate stabilization, especially those compatible with the presence of the nitriles defined above, and such that, between; -others, and without q ~ e the following list of components is limited to tive: butylene oxide, triethylamine, tertiobutanol /
N-methylpyrrole, n-butanol, diisobutylene, iso- acetate '' propyl, and epichlorohydrin, taken separately or as a mixture of .;, minus two of these compounds.
The anti-redeposition method according to the invention can also include the addition of commonly used products in dry cleaning, such as net reinforcers toy represented by anionic, cationic surfactants, or nonionic, such as: alkylsulfonates, alkylarylsul ~
fonates, more particularly Ca dodecyl benzene sulfonate, ethoxylation products of fatty alcohols and fatty acids, sulfates of fatty alcohols, petroleum sulfonates, alkylpo- -lyglycol ethers, polyglycol ethers of alkylphenol, more particularly especially the oxyethylenated nonylphenol containing 12 moles of ethyl dioxide ~
lene, brightening agents, primers, anti-static agents ~;
and hydrogugating agents. Each of these additives can be implemented in f

- 3 -5 ~
usual proportions, for example from 1 to 10 g per liter of bath insofar as it is compatible with the presence of nitriles of the invention as defined above.
In addition, the method of the invention may include the supply of water in proportions which can go up to about 5-6%, and more particularly from 2 to 3% by weight per compared to textiles to be cleaned. This water can come from the humidity provided by the textiles themselves, and / or by commercial cleaning boosters that contain between 4 and 30% and usually 8-14% of their weight of water. Sometimes we add additional quantities of water (approximately 2 to 4% by weight relative to textiles with clean) in the cleaning bath contains the reinforcers to to improve the cleaning effect vis-à-vis soiling "skinny". ~
The subject of the invention is also a composition or -a bath useful in dry cleaning, or the desensing of textiles to prevent "graying" or redeposition of soiling on textiles made of natural and artificial fibers, synthetic or mixed, even during the operations of dry cleaning or desizing, using perchlorethylene suitably stabilized, possibly containing water up to 6 ~ by weight relative to the textiles to be treated and usual additives, more particularly reinforcers of cleaning and anti-static agents, each of these additives may be present, at a rate of 1 to 10 g per liter of said composition, which is characterized by the fact that it contains, in addition to perchlore-thylène and its stabilizers from 0.2 to 6% and preferably between 1 and 2.5% by weight relative to said composition of at least a nitrile chosen from the group of those presenting a point lower boiling point or ~ gal at 130C and preferably 95 at 120C, and of those forming with perchlorethylene a

- 4 - ' , ~

-, - ~ -,

5 ~ 2 azeo-trope with a boiling point less than or equal to ~
130C and preferably higher than 80C. .
The nitrile can be chosen from those shown : by the general formula:
R - C ~ N
in which R is defined as indicated above.
As examples of nitriles corresponding to this formula - ::
general, we can cite, among others, the following compounds:
taken separately or as a mixture, from at least two of them:
acetonitrile, butene-3 nitrile, cis and trans-crotononitrile, butyronitrile, iso ~ utyronitrile and valeronitrile.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, ,.
propionitrile is used as the nitrile. ~ -- The operating mode allowing to assess the "graying"
textiles was carried out using a representative soiling ~
tive dirt usually present on clothing and - ~.
having the following weight composition ~
- carpet threshing dust sieved to 26 mesh (~ mesh:
0.63 mm) 100 ~.
: 20 - automobile engine oil drain 100 - black smoke smashed in its weight of engine oil SAE 30 ~ 4; ~
- oxyethylenated castor oil with 10 oxide molecules ethylene 5 - distilled water 50 - - perchlorethylene stabillse 155. ~ -The white textile samples used were the following: ~
- polyester 100 ~ a 268 g / m2 - polyamide 6-6 100% at 170 g / m2 - 100% polyacrylonitrile at 220 g / m2 ~:

- wool 100 ~ to 280 g / m2 - cotton 100 ~ to 110 g / m2 ~.

D; Z5 ~

In order to assess the "graying" of textiles, we place in a laboratory drum machine successively:
- 225 cm2 of each of the textile samples above;
- 1 liter of the composition based on perchlorethylene stabilizes in which 0.5 g of the defined dirt has been dispersed above.
After treatment for 5 minutes at around 25 C, the textiles were dry and dry at 60C in a ventilated oven.
Each of these samples thus processed and more or less "gray" was subjected to a determination of the index of reflectance using the Company's "Reflectionmeter 670"
"Photovolt" (United States of America) fitted with the green filter.
- The device was set to 100 for each ori- textile.
untreated gine, and we measured the reflectance of each "gray" sample. The graying is all the weaker as reflectance is closer to 100. - - ~
The following examples illustrate the various aspects of the invention, without limitation, the percentages indicated constituents of each composition being expressed by weight in relation to the composition considered.
In all the examples, reference is made to of witnesses, to the samples reflectance index measurements textiles treated in the same conditions with perchlore ~
stabilized thylene, but not containing the anti-redepositive agent tion object of the present invention.
EXAMPLES 1 to 10 By proceeding according to the operating mode described above, we examined the "anti-graying" or anti-redeposition effect of a composition based on perchlorethylene initially stabilized ~
to which different proportions of various nitriles have been incorporated. ~, The starting perchlorethylene was stabilized by 0.0025 ~ of triethylamine, 0.002 ~ of N-methylpyrrole and

6 -','.;

"~ 5 ~ L2 0.02% n-butanol.
The following Tables I to IV summarize the results ob obeyed.
We did: To appear in these tables, for each series examples, a test ~ emoin made with a composition ne ~:
not containing nitrile of the invention.
TABLE I
'' .. ._ ~. ~
Example- ~ Polyacry Fiber-ples \ Cotton Wool Polyester lonitrile Polyami ~ e ~ ~ -Dial it ~ ion \. 6 - 6: n ~ ... ... ~. : '"
Witness 89 9 5 71 70 91 . . _ _.
Perchlorethy-.
1 lene t 2.5% 9 5.5 9 9 9 7 9 5 9 8 - Perchlor ~ é ~ thy- __. .. ...
2 acetoni tri on 9 9 10 0 9 7, 5 9 7, 5 9 9 ,. ~ ' TABLE II. .

Example- \ Fiber _ E ~ iyacry- Polyamid ~
ples Composit ~ Cotton Wool Polyester ~ on itrik 6-6 . ~ Witness. 83 90 71.5 75 93 . Perchbréthy ne ~ __ ~
3 t5% prop ~ nitrile 93.5 98 97 96, S 99 1;
4 Perchlorethy lene: 9 2, 5 9 8, 5 9 5, 5: __ 9 9, 5:
: 5% butyro ~ trile:. J

-7-':
, ~ 25 ~
TABLE III
'' ._.
Example- \ Polyacry Fiber- Polyamide ples Compo.cit ~ Cotton Wool Polyeste ¦ lonitrile 6-6 . . ............... ~ ': -Witness 88 94 74 70 97, S ;.
_ ...
Perchlorethy-lene ~ 5% chlo- 85 92 88 80 96, 5 racetonitrile:
. _ ....
. Perchlorethy-.
6 lene ~ 5% cro- 9198.5 97.5 96.5 100 ~:
tononitrile ~.
.
TABLE IV ~. -.

.
'. ~ - '.' .

Example- \ Cotton Cotton Wool Polyester Polyacry- Polyamid ~
ples Composltl-4n ~ _ lonïtrile 6-6 ¦ ~;
. . .
, Witness 85 9 4 70 85.5 _. , I.
Perchlorethylene 7 + li2 5% propioni- 87 9 8 9 0, 5. 82. 9 8 Perchlorethylene. .
: ~ ~ - 8 ~ 2i5% propioni- 90 98.5 _ _ 85 ~ 98.5 .. _. _ _ ....... ' . "~
~: - Witness 9 2 9 5 6 8 - 72. 9 4; J
. 9 Perchlorethylene 89 99 93 83 99 sort e ._:: -_ ___, _. ____: ~
. Witness 89 9 3 76 - 73 9 6 `-. . . _. _._, ~, ~
Perchlorethylèn l. .
t5 ~ isobutyroni- 90 97 97B8 lOO ~:
.

.

; :
:.

These tables highlight the significant improvement anti-redeposition when incorporating nitriles ~.
of the invention with perchlorethylene stabilizes, with respect to witnesses consisting of perchlorethylene stabilizes alone.
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Claims (10)

The embodiments of the invention about which an exclusive right of property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: 1. Anti-redeposition process having the effect of reduce the redeposition of dirt on textiles by natural, synthetic, artificial fibers, or their fibers mixtures during dry cleaning or desizing using appropriately stabilized perchlorethylene sé, characterized by the fact that this perchloré is incorporated thylene a sufficient amount of at least one nitrile selected from the group of those with a boiling point not exceeding not 130 ° C, and those forming an azeo- with perchlorethylene trope with a boiling point less than or equal to 130 ° C, as an anti-redeposition adjuvant to observe the effect "anti-graying". 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that nitrile is selected from the group of those present both a boiling point of 95 to 120 ° C, and those forming with perchlorethylene an azeotrope whose boiling point is higher than 80 ° C. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the nitrile can be chosen from those represented felt by the general formula:
R - C? NOT
in which R can represent a C1-C5 alkyl group, C1-C6 alkenyl or C3-C5 cycloalkyl. 4. Method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that 0.2 to 6% perchlorethylene is incorporated by weight of the anti-redeposition adjuvant. 5. Method according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that 1 to 2.5% is incorporated into perchlorethylene by weight of the anti-redeposition adjuvant. 6. Method according to any one of the claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that the adjuvant is the propionitrile. 7. Anti-redeposition cleaning composition or bath dry or de-sizing using suitable perchlorethylene-stabilized, possibly containing water up to 6%
by weight in relation to the textiles to be treated and additives usual, each of these additives can be present for a reason from 1 to 10 g per liter of said composition or of said bath, characterized by the fact that it or it contains 0.2 to 6% in weight of at least one nitrile chosen from the group of those having a boiling point less than or equal to 130 ° C, and those forming an azeotrope with perchlorethylene, the boiling point is less than or equal to 130 ° C. 8. Composition or bath according to claim 7, charac-terrified by the fact that nitrile is chosen from the group those with a boiling point of 95 to 120 ° C, and those forming with perchlorethylene an azeotrope whose boiling point is above 80 ° C. 9. Composition or bath according to claim 8, charac-terrified by the fact that nitrile is represented by the formula general:

R - C? NOT
in which R represents a C1 - C5 alkyl group, alkenyl C1 - C6 or C3 - C5 cycloalkyl. 10. Composition or bath according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the nitrile is represented by propionitrile.