CA1091391A - Process for coagulating polymer latices using screw- type extruder - Google Patents
Process for coagulating polymer latices using screw- type extruderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1091391A CA1091391A CA290,792A CA290792A CA1091391A CA 1091391 A CA1091391 A CA 1091391A CA 290792 A CA290792 A CA 290792A CA 1091391 A CA1091391 A CA 1091391A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- latex
- coagulant
- chamber
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 3
- LOVYCUYJRWLTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dichlorophenoxy)-n,n-diethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 LOVYCUYJRWLTSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000221020 Hevea Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000002636 Manilkara bidentata Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001495453 Parthenium argentatum Species 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016302 balata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000588 gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ke-tones (e.g. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
- B29B7/7476—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants
- B29B7/7495—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants for mixing rubber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
- B29B7/421—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw and additionally other mixing elements on the same shaft, e.g. paddles, discs, bearings, rotor blades of the Banbury type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/40—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft
- B29B7/42—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix
- B29B7/422—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with single shaft with screw or helix with screw sections co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the wall of the surrounding casing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
- B29C48/29—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in liquid form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/12—Articles with an irregular circumference when viewed in cross-section, e.g. window profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S528/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S528/931—Physical treatment of natural rubber or natural rubber containing material or chemical treatment of non-rubber portion thereof, e.g. extraction of rubber from milk weed
- Y10S528/934—Latex
- Y10S528/936—Coagulating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/742,077 US4103074A (en) | 1976-11-15 | 1976-11-15 | Process for coagulating polymer latices using screw-type extruder |
| US742077 | 2000-12-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1091391A true CA1091391A (en) | 1980-12-09 |
Family
ID=24983399
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA290,792A Expired CA1091391A (en) | 1976-11-15 | 1977-11-14 | Process for coagulating polymer latices using screw- type extruder |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4103074A (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS5361640A (OSRAM) |
| AU (1) | AU511821B2 (OSRAM) |
| BE (1) | BE860817A (OSRAM) |
| BR (1) | BR7707586A (OSRAM) |
| CA (1) | CA1091391A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2750682A1 (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES464105A1 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2370573A1 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1570547A (OSRAM) |
| IN (1) | IN146138B (OSRAM) |
| IT (1) | IT1091044B (OSRAM) |
| MX (1) | MX4435E (OSRAM) |
| NL (1) | NL7712522A (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA776778B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4239864A (en) * | 1979-08-13 | 1980-12-16 | Standard Oil Company | Elimination of stabilizer for high nitrile resins by using a latex dewatering extruder for product recovery |
| JPS57146639A (en) * | 1981-03-05 | 1982-09-10 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for continuously coagulating rubber polymer latex |
| DE3230128A1 (de) * | 1982-08-13 | 1984-02-16 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Gefrierkoagulation von polymerdispersionen |
| US4754011A (en) * | 1983-06-01 | 1988-06-28 | American Cyanamid Company | Emulsion copolymers of meta- or para-isopropenyl-alpha, alpha-di-methylbenzylisocyanates |
| US4602083A (en) * | 1985-01-10 | 1986-07-22 | Rohm And Haas Company | Coagulation process |
| US4831116A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1989-05-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for coagulating a grafted rubber compound |
| US4970037A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1990-11-13 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Process for the manufacture of photosensitive materials having a low heat history |
| US5025044A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1991-06-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Extrusion isolation of blends of rubber and asphalt |
| DE4121652A1 (de) * | 1991-06-29 | 1993-01-07 | Roehm Gmbh | Schlagzaeh-modifizierungsmittel |
| US5863696A (en) * | 1994-01-26 | 1999-01-26 | Konica Corporation | Toner particle for electrophotography and production method thereof |
| US6365663B2 (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2002-04-02 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomer composite blends and methods-II |
| TW360585B (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-06-11 | Cabot Corp | Elastomeric compositions and methods and apparatus for producing same |
| US6075084A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2000-06-13 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomer composite blends and methods - II |
| US5677368A (en) * | 1996-06-18 | 1997-10-14 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for increasing the solids content of nitrile rubber latex |
| RU2121436C1 (ru) * | 1997-07-04 | 1998-11-10 | Акционерное общество "Нижнекамскнефтехим" | Червячный пресс для обработки полимерных материалов |
| PL193664B1 (pl) * | 1999-04-16 | 2007-03-30 | Cabot Corp | Sposób obróbki w zasadzie skoagulowanej przedmieszki oraz ciągły, przepływowy sposób wytwarzania kompozytu elastomerowego i urządzenie do wytwarzaniakompozytu elastomerowego |
| US7341142B2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2008-03-11 | Cabot Corporation | Elastomer composite materials in low density forms and methods |
| US7665523B2 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2010-02-23 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Compositions and methods for treatment of well bore tar |
| US9051508B2 (en) | 2007-10-16 | 2015-06-09 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Methods of preventing emulsification of crude oil in well bore treatment fluids |
| DE102008001596A1 (de) | 2008-05-06 | 2009-11-12 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Kunststoffmischungen umfassend ein thermoplastisches Polyurethan (TPU) und ein schlagzähes Poly(meth)acrylat |
| EP2514772A1 (de) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-24 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Polychloropren-Feststoff mit verbesserter Verarbeitbarkeit |
| EP2514769A1 (de) | 2011-04-21 | 2012-10-24 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Gewinnung und Isolierung von Polychloropren-Feststoffen |
| MX2019009456A (es) | 2017-02-13 | 2019-11-05 | Cooper Tire & Rubber Co | Extrusion de latex de guayule. |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2371722A (en) * | 1940-10-24 | 1945-03-20 | Du Pont | Process for washing and drying coagula of rubber and similar materials |
| US2491519A (en) * | 1945-05-25 | 1949-12-20 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Coagulation of butadiene-acrylo-nitrile copolymers |
| US2469827A (en) * | 1945-08-23 | 1949-05-10 | Wingfoot Corp | Coagulation of emulsion polymers |
| US2609753A (en) * | 1949-03-23 | 1952-09-09 | Herbert L Rosenberg | Fuse functioning mechanism |
| US2997943A (en) * | 1957-03-20 | 1961-08-29 | Int Basic Economy Corp | Means for solvent extraction |
| US3112288A (en) * | 1960-04-08 | 1963-11-26 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method for latex coagulation |
| NL263649A (OSRAM) * | 1960-04-15 | |||
| DE1779922A1 (de) * | 1961-02-17 | 1972-01-13 | Internat Basic Economy Corp | Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von Fluessigkeit aus Elastomeren |
| US3345430A (en) * | 1962-12-31 | 1967-10-03 | Monsanto Co | Process for recovering graft copolymer latex solids |
| DE1248950B (de) * | 1963-08-02 | 1967-08-31 | E I du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington Del (V St A) | Verfahren zur Isolierung von Chloroprencopoly meren |
| US3248455A (en) * | 1963-08-14 | 1966-04-26 | Us Rubber Co | Method of recovering resinous polymer from latex |
| US3814563A (en) * | 1969-02-25 | 1974-06-04 | French Oil Mill Machinery | Apparatus for treating elastomeric materials |
| US3638921A (en) * | 1969-02-25 | 1972-02-01 | French Oil Mill Machinery | Apparatus for treating elastomeric materials |
| ZA74371B (en) * | 1973-02-15 | 1974-11-27 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Method of coagulating latices |
| US3993292A (en) * | 1974-12-13 | 1976-11-23 | W Bar E, Incorporated | Apparatus for coagulating polymer latex emulsions |
-
1976
- 1976-11-15 US US05/742,077 patent/US4103074A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1977
- 1977-11-11 BR BR7707586A patent/BR7707586A/pt unknown
- 1977-11-11 MX MX776551U patent/MX4435E/es unknown
- 1977-11-12 DE DE19772750682 patent/DE2750682A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-11-14 JP JP13580377A patent/JPS5361640A/ja active Granted
- 1977-11-14 IT IT69552/77A patent/IT1091044B/it active
- 1977-11-14 BE BE182618A patent/BE860817A/xx unknown
- 1977-11-14 GB GB47353/77A patent/GB1570547A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-14 NL NL7712522A patent/NL7712522A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-11-14 AU AU30608/77A patent/AU511821B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-14 IN IN1603/CAL/77A patent/IN146138B/en unknown
- 1977-11-14 ES ES464105A patent/ES464105A1/es not_active Expired
- 1977-11-14 ZA ZA00776778A patent/ZA776778B/xx unknown
- 1977-11-14 CA CA290,792A patent/CA1091391A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-14 FR FR7734190A patent/FR2370573A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE860817A (fr) | 1978-05-16 |
| US4103074A (en) | 1978-07-25 |
| JPS5361640A (en) | 1978-06-02 |
| BR7707586A (pt) | 1978-07-18 |
| ES464105A1 (es) | 1978-09-01 |
| DE2750682A1 (de) | 1978-05-24 |
| IT1091044B (it) | 1985-06-26 |
| MX4435E (es) | 1982-05-04 |
| AU3060877A (en) | 1979-05-24 |
| FR2370573A1 (fr) | 1978-06-09 |
| IN146138B (OSRAM) | 1979-03-03 |
| GB1570547A (en) | 1980-07-02 |
| JPS6125721B2 (OSRAM) | 1986-06-17 |
| AU511821B2 (en) | 1980-09-04 |
| ZA776778B (en) | 1978-09-27 |
| NL7712522A (nl) | 1978-05-17 |
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