CA1076881A - Fuel injection pumps - Google Patents
Fuel injection pumpsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1076881A CA1076881A CA295,253A CA295253A CA1076881A CA 1076881 A CA1076881 A CA 1076881A CA 295253 A CA295253 A CA 295253A CA 1076881 A CA1076881 A CA 1076881A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plunger
- fuel
- port
- cylinder
- ports
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011797 cavity material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/44—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston
- F02M59/442—Details, components parts, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M59/02 - F02M59/42; Pumps having transducers, e.g. to measure displacement of pump rack or piston means preventing fuel leakage around pump plunger, e.g. fluid barriers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
- F02M55/001—Pumps with means for preventing erosion on fuel discharge
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A fuel injection pump includes a reciprocable plunger located within a cylinder formed in a pump barrel. The barrel is provided with a pair of parts which are covered by the plunger as the latter is moved to effect an injection stroke. Termination of the injection stroke is achieved by a groove on the plunger which uncovers the port. The pump includes passage means which terminates in a port formed in said other port of the pair or ports and during the pumping stroke of the plunger fuel flows through the passage means to displace from said other of the pair of ports, any cavities which may have formed within the fuel in said other port.
A fuel injection pump includes a reciprocable plunger located within a cylinder formed in a pump barrel. The barrel is provided with a pair of parts which are covered by the plunger as the latter is moved to effect an injection stroke. Termination of the injection stroke is achieved by a groove on the plunger which uncovers the port. The pump includes passage means which terminates in a port formed in said other port of the pair or ports and during the pumping stroke of the plunger fuel flows through the passage means to displace from said other of the pair of ports, any cavities which may have formed within the fuel in said other port.
Description
` 107688~
This invention relates to liqu;d fuel injection pumps of the kind comprising a reciprocable pumping plunger, a cylinder in which the plunger is slidable, said plunger -extending from one end of the bore, means for effecting reciprocation of the plunger, an outlet form the other end of the bore and through which fuel is displaced during a pumping stroke of the plunger, a pair of ports formed in the wall of the cylinder and which are covered during the ;
initial part of the pumping stroke by the plunger, groove means formed on the plunger and which during the pumping stroke, co-operates with one of said pair of ports to terminate fuel flow through the outlet, said pair of ports communicating '~
with a fuel supply channel, fuel from said channel flowing -~
into said bore by way of the pair of ports when the plunger uncovers the said ports.
Such pumps are well known in the art and can be constructed as a single pump housed in a body or a plurality of such pumps may be mounted in a body.
Engine development is such that engines are becoming more powerful and are cap~Me of operating at higher speeds with the ~
result that the plunger velocity is increased. The effect is ;
that the velocity of the fuel flowing through the pair of ports prior to the closure of the ports by the plunger is also higher.
In certain cases the velocity has now reached a value such ~-that cavita-tion occurs in the fuel. Moreover, it has been found that the cavi-ties thus formed in the fuel remain within the ports adjacent the side face of the plunger. The cavities which are formed in the aforesaid one of said pair of ports tend to be displaced from the port by the flow of fuel which occurs
This invention relates to liqu;d fuel injection pumps of the kind comprising a reciprocable pumping plunger, a cylinder in which the plunger is slidable, said plunger -extending from one end of the bore, means for effecting reciprocation of the plunger, an outlet form the other end of the bore and through which fuel is displaced during a pumping stroke of the plunger, a pair of ports formed in the wall of the cylinder and which are covered during the ;
initial part of the pumping stroke by the plunger, groove means formed on the plunger and which during the pumping stroke, co-operates with one of said pair of ports to terminate fuel flow through the outlet, said pair of ports communicating '~
with a fuel supply channel, fuel from said channel flowing -~
into said bore by way of the pair of ports when the plunger uncovers the said ports.
Such pumps are well known in the art and can be constructed as a single pump housed in a body or a plurality of such pumps may be mounted in a body.
Engine development is such that engines are becoming more powerful and are cap~Me of operating at higher speeds with the ~
result that the plunger velocity is increased. The effect is ;
that the velocity of the fuel flowing through the pair of ports prior to the closure of the ports by the plunger is also higher.
In certain cases the velocity has now reached a value such ~-that cavita-tion occurs in the fuel. Moreover, it has been found that the cavi-ties thus formed in the fuel remain within the ports adjacent the side face of the plunger. The cavities which are formed in the aforesaid one of said pair of ports tend to be displaced from the port by the flow of fuel which occurs
- 2 - ~d ~ ~176881 when the groove means registers with the one port and therefore these cavities are in general collapsed in the fuel supply channel. The cavities in the other port however can remain in the port until the port is next uncovered by the plunger. The cavities will be collapsed when there is an increase in the fuel pressure in the supply channel and such collapse leads .
to the so-called cavitation erosion of the metallic surfaces.
~.~
:.:-: .
The object of the invention is to provide a pump of the kind specified in a simple and convenient form.
~, ;; According to the invention in a pump of the kind specified passage means is provided and through which fuel is directed through at least a portion of said other port, at the portion of the face of the plunger which obturates said port, to displace any cavities in the port to the supply channel.~ ;
Examples of fuel injection pumps in accordance with the invention will not be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Eigure 1 is a sectional side elevation showing a known formof pump and, Figures 2-5 show various modifications to the pump shown in Figure 1 and in accordance with the invention.
With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings there is provided a pump body 9 in which is mounted a pump barrel 8. The pump body and barrel define a gallery 15 extending around the barrel 8 and the gallery is in communication with a fuel inlet not shown, formed in the pump body. In the barrel is formed a cylin/der which accommodates a reciprocable pumping plunger 10 and in use~ the plunger is arranged to be moved inwardly by the action of a rotary cam 7 in timed relationship with an associated engine.
The plunger is moved outwardly by the action of a spring 17.
iL~76~
During inward movement of the plunger fuel is displaced from the pumping chamber defined by the cylinder and the end of the plunger 10 past a non-return valve 12 to an outlet 11 and from the outlet to an injection nozzle 13 which is positioned on the associated engine. During outward movement of the plunger fuel is admitted to the pumping chamber -through a pair of diametrical ports 14, 14a formed in the pump barrel and communicating with -~
the aforesaid gallery. Fuel flows through the aforesaid ports into the pumping chamber only when the ports are uncovered by .. . .
the end of the pumping plunger.
Tn the known manner the plunger 10 is provided with a helical or like groove 16 which defines an inclined edge and the groove 16 communicates with the pumping chamber and at some point during the inward movement of the plunger communicates with the port ~
14 to allow fuel to escape from the pumping chamber into the ;
gallery 15. As a result the flow of fuel through the outlet 11 `~
ceases. The relative angular setting of the plunger 10 and the pump barrel 8 can be adjusted in known manner so that the quantity of fuel delivered at each inward stroke of the plunger can be varied. As shown the plunger is movable angularly by means of '-~
a rack bar 18 which meshes with a pinion secured to a sleeve surrounding the pump barrel. The sleeve is provided with a pair ~
of axial slots in which are located ears formed integrally with ~ -the plunger.
It will be understood that during the initial portion of the inward movement of the plunger fuel is being displaced from the ;
pumping chamber by way of the ports 14 and 14a and the velocity of ``` ~0~768~1 .,"`
fuel flow through the ports increases as the plunger progressively covers the ports. Modern engines are operating at higher powers and increasing speeds with the result that the plunger veloci-ty is also increased. It has been found that cavitation can occur within the ports 14 and 14a. The cavities which are produced by the cavitation tend to remain in the ports but those which accumulate in the port 14 tend to be displaced outwardly into the gallery 15 when the port 14 is brought into register with the groove 16. As a result when collapse of those cavities occurs, it tends to take place in the fuel gallery well away from any accurately machined working surfaces of the pump. The cavities which accumulate in the port 14a can remain the port until the latter is opened again by the plunger 10. As a result the cavities collapse whilst they are in close proximity to accurately machined surfaces and cavitation erosion can take place which will result in damage to the surfaces. The cavities will be collapsed if there is any substantial increase in pressure within the gallery 15. This can occur due to opening of the port 14 and the rush of fuel into the gallery from the pumping chamber. In this case the cavities will be collapsed whilst they are in the port and in close proximity to the side surface of the plunger. Such increase in pressure may also occur particularly where the pump is one of a plurality of pumps in a common body when another pump delivers fuel from its pumping chamber to the gallery.
In order to m:inimise the risk of cavitation erosion in the region of the port 14a it is proposed to promote a flow of fuel which displaces the cavities from the port into the gallery and as explained in the case of the cavities forming in the port 14, - 5 ~
:: ' 1076~81 :
collapse of the cavities within the gallery tends not -to produce harmful cavitation erosion.
.
Turning now to Figure 2, there is formed in the wall of the plunger a circumferential groove 19. This groove collects fuel leaking from the pumping chamber along the working clearance ;
between the plunger and the wall of the cylinder. The fuel collected in the groove 19 is allowed to flow by way of a passage, which has an exit port 20 located within the port 14a and directed towards the side surface of the plunger. As shown ~;
the passage connecting the groove 19 with the port 20 is formed in two parts drilled at an angle relative to each other and plugged at their outer ends. As fuel leakage occurs there will ~ ,~
be a flow of fuel from the port 20 and which will tend to displace the cavities in the port 14a into the gallery 15.
In the arrangement which is shown in Figure 3 the groove instead of being formed in the plunger 10, is formed in the wall of the cylinder defined in the barrel 8. In some instances the leakage into the groove whether it be formed in the plunger or in the wall of the cylinder in which the plunger is located, -~ is too small to produce any significant flow of fuel so as to ;~
-~ sweep out the cavities. This can be overcome by deliberately ~ generating a flow of fuel.
.. . .
In Figure ~ the flow of fuel is generated by a subsidiary pump defined by the plunger and the bore in which it is located. `~
As shown in Figure 4 the plunger 21 is provided with a stepped outer periphery and the cylinder is of complementary shape so as to define an annular chamber 22 which communicates with the po:rt 1~6881 ;' .
20 by way of suitably disposed passages. During the inward movement of the plunger the space 22 decreases in volume and the fuel displaced passes to the port 20 thereby to displace the cavities into the gallery 15. During outward movement of the `~
plunger the space 22 is filled with fuel from the port 14a.
In Figure 5 there is shown an alternative arrangement in which the displacement of the cavities is achieved by fuel which is directed into the port 14a through a pipe 23 which is connected to a source of fuel at a higher pressure than that which exists in the gallery 15. The flow of fuel at the higher pressure is very small and need not interfere with the pressure in the fuel gallery if the latter is controlled.
to the so-called cavitation erosion of the metallic surfaces.
~.~
:.:-: .
The object of the invention is to provide a pump of the kind specified in a simple and convenient form.
~, ;; According to the invention in a pump of the kind specified passage means is provided and through which fuel is directed through at least a portion of said other port, at the portion of the face of the plunger which obturates said port, to displace any cavities in the port to the supply channel.~ ;
Examples of fuel injection pumps in accordance with the invention will not be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:-Eigure 1 is a sectional side elevation showing a known formof pump and, Figures 2-5 show various modifications to the pump shown in Figure 1 and in accordance with the invention.
With reference to Figure 1 of the drawings there is provided a pump body 9 in which is mounted a pump barrel 8. The pump body and barrel define a gallery 15 extending around the barrel 8 and the gallery is in communication with a fuel inlet not shown, formed in the pump body. In the barrel is formed a cylin/der which accommodates a reciprocable pumping plunger 10 and in use~ the plunger is arranged to be moved inwardly by the action of a rotary cam 7 in timed relationship with an associated engine.
The plunger is moved outwardly by the action of a spring 17.
iL~76~
During inward movement of the plunger fuel is displaced from the pumping chamber defined by the cylinder and the end of the plunger 10 past a non-return valve 12 to an outlet 11 and from the outlet to an injection nozzle 13 which is positioned on the associated engine. During outward movement of the plunger fuel is admitted to the pumping chamber -through a pair of diametrical ports 14, 14a formed in the pump barrel and communicating with -~
the aforesaid gallery. Fuel flows through the aforesaid ports into the pumping chamber only when the ports are uncovered by .. . .
the end of the pumping plunger.
Tn the known manner the plunger 10 is provided with a helical or like groove 16 which defines an inclined edge and the groove 16 communicates with the pumping chamber and at some point during the inward movement of the plunger communicates with the port ~
14 to allow fuel to escape from the pumping chamber into the ;
gallery 15. As a result the flow of fuel through the outlet 11 `~
ceases. The relative angular setting of the plunger 10 and the pump barrel 8 can be adjusted in known manner so that the quantity of fuel delivered at each inward stroke of the plunger can be varied. As shown the plunger is movable angularly by means of '-~
a rack bar 18 which meshes with a pinion secured to a sleeve surrounding the pump barrel. The sleeve is provided with a pair ~
of axial slots in which are located ears formed integrally with ~ -the plunger.
It will be understood that during the initial portion of the inward movement of the plunger fuel is being displaced from the ;
pumping chamber by way of the ports 14 and 14a and the velocity of ``` ~0~768~1 .,"`
fuel flow through the ports increases as the plunger progressively covers the ports. Modern engines are operating at higher powers and increasing speeds with the result that the plunger veloci-ty is also increased. It has been found that cavitation can occur within the ports 14 and 14a. The cavities which are produced by the cavitation tend to remain in the ports but those which accumulate in the port 14 tend to be displaced outwardly into the gallery 15 when the port 14 is brought into register with the groove 16. As a result when collapse of those cavities occurs, it tends to take place in the fuel gallery well away from any accurately machined working surfaces of the pump. The cavities which accumulate in the port 14a can remain the port until the latter is opened again by the plunger 10. As a result the cavities collapse whilst they are in close proximity to accurately machined surfaces and cavitation erosion can take place which will result in damage to the surfaces. The cavities will be collapsed if there is any substantial increase in pressure within the gallery 15. This can occur due to opening of the port 14 and the rush of fuel into the gallery from the pumping chamber. In this case the cavities will be collapsed whilst they are in the port and in close proximity to the side surface of the plunger. Such increase in pressure may also occur particularly where the pump is one of a plurality of pumps in a common body when another pump delivers fuel from its pumping chamber to the gallery.
In order to m:inimise the risk of cavitation erosion in the region of the port 14a it is proposed to promote a flow of fuel which displaces the cavities from the port into the gallery and as explained in the case of the cavities forming in the port 14, - 5 ~
:: ' 1076~81 :
collapse of the cavities within the gallery tends not -to produce harmful cavitation erosion.
.
Turning now to Figure 2, there is formed in the wall of the plunger a circumferential groove 19. This groove collects fuel leaking from the pumping chamber along the working clearance ;
between the plunger and the wall of the cylinder. The fuel collected in the groove 19 is allowed to flow by way of a passage, which has an exit port 20 located within the port 14a and directed towards the side surface of the plunger. As shown ~;
the passage connecting the groove 19 with the port 20 is formed in two parts drilled at an angle relative to each other and plugged at their outer ends. As fuel leakage occurs there will ~ ,~
be a flow of fuel from the port 20 and which will tend to displace the cavities in the port 14a into the gallery 15.
In the arrangement which is shown in Figure 3 the groove instead of being formed in the plunger 10, is formed in the wall of the cylinder defined in the barrel 8. In some instances the leakage into the groove whether it be formed in the plunger or in the wall of the cylinder in which the plunger is located, -~ is too small to produce any significant flow of fuel so as to ;~
-~ sweep out the cavities. This can be overcome by deliberately ~ generating a flow of fuel.
.. . .
In Figure ~ the flow of fuel is generated by a subsidiary pump defined by the plunger and the bore in which it is located. `~
As shown in Figure 4 the plunger 21 is provided with a stepped outer periphery and the cylinder is of complementary shape so as to define an annular chamber 22 which communicates with the po:rt 1~6881 ;' .
20 by way of suitably disposed passages. During the inward movement of the plunger the space 22 decreases in volume and the fuel displaced passes to the port 20 thereby to displace the cavities into the gallery 15. During outward movement of the `~
plunger the space 22 is filled with fuel from the port 14a.
In Figure 5 there is shown an alternative arrangement in which the displacement of the cavities is achieved by fuel which is directed into the port 14a through a pipe 23 which is connected to a source of fuel at a higher pressure than that which exists in the gallery 15. The flow of fuel at the higher pressure is very small and need not interfere with the pressure in the fuel gallery if the latter is controlled.
Claims (8)
1. A liquid fuel injection pump of the kind comprising a reciprocable pumping plunger, a cylinder in which the plunger is slidable, said plunger extending from one end of the bore, means for effecting reciprocation of the plunger, an outlet from the other end of the bore and through which fuel is displaced during a pumping stroke of the plunger, a pair of ports formed in the end wall of the cylinder and which are covered during the initial part of the pumping stroke by the plunger, groove means formed on the plunger and which during the pumping stroke co-operates with one of said pair of ports to terminate fuel flow through the outlet, said pair of ports communicating with a fuel supply channel, fuel from said channel flowing into said bore by way of the pair of ports when the plunger uncovers said ports, and passage means through which fuel is directed through at least a portion of said other port, at the portion of the face of the plunger which obturates said other port, to displace any cavities in the port to the supply channel.
2. A pump according to claim 1 in which said passage means is formed within said barrel and communicates at its end remote from the other port with a circumferential groove defined between the wall of the cylinder and the plunger, said groove during the pumping stroke of the plunger collecting fuel leaking along the working channel defined between the plunger and the wall of the cylinder.
3. A pump according to claim 2 in which said circumferential groove is formed in the wall of the cylinder.
4. A pump according to claim 2 in which said circumferential groove is formed in the plunger.
5. A pump according to claim 1 in which said passage means is formed within said barrel and communicates at its end remote from said other port with a subsidiary pump defined by the plunger and the cylinder, said subsidiary pump during a pumping stroke of the plunger delivering fuel through said passage means to said other port and during a filling stroke of the plunger drawing fuel from said other port to fill the subsidiary pump.
6. A pump according to claim 5 in which said subsidiary pump has a pumping chamber formed by a step on the plunger and a step defined in the wall of the cylinder.
7. A pump according to claim 1 in which said passage means is formed by two passages extending from the periphery of the barrel, the passages communicating with each other intermediate their ends, and having their outer ends closed off, the inner ends of the passages extending to said other port and the wall of the cylinder respectively.
8. A pump according to claim 1 in which said passage means comprises a pipe extending into said other port, said pipe communicating in use, with a source of fuel at a higher pressure than the pressure of fuel within the supply channel.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB18173/77A GB1594472A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1977-04-30 | Fuel injection pumps |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1076881A true CA1076881A (en) | 1980-05-06 |
Family
ID=10107903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA295,253A Expired CA1076881A (en) | 1977-04-30 | 1978-01-19 | Fuel injection pumps |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53136125A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1076881A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2802510A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES465815A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2389007A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1594472A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1092311B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX146040A (en) |
| SU (1) | SU1003767A3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3300030A1 (en) * | 1983-01-03 | 1984-07-05 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln | INJECTION PUMP FOR DIESEL INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| AT404058B (en) * | 1986-09-10 | 1998-08-25 | Bosch Robert Ag | PUMP ELEMENT OF A FUEL INJECTION PUMP FOR INJECTION COMBUSTION ENGINES |
| NL8801198A (en) * | 1988-05-09 | 1989-12-01 | Hei Tech Bv | PISTON PUMP DEVICE. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE526537C (en) * | 1927-02-26 | 1931-06-06 | Acro Akt Ges | Fuel pump system for injection internal combustion engines |
| GB334437A (en) * | 1928-12-10 | 1930-09-04 | Robert Bosch Aktiengesellschaft | |
| US2410947A (en) * | 1943-04-19 | 1946-11-12 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Fuel injection pum mechanism |
| CH295782A (en) * | 1950-10-19 | 1954-01-15 | Gmbh Robert Bosch | Injection pump with speed-dependent delivery rate control, especially for internal combustion engines. |
| DE861343C (en) * | 1951-05-24 | 1952-12-29 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection pump for internal combustion engines |
| DE1067636B (en) * | 1956-11-17 | 1959-10-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection pump, especially for internal combustion engines working with external ignition |
-
1977
- 1977-04-30 GB GB18173/77A patent/GB1594472A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-01-05 ES ES465815A patent/ES465815A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-01-18 IT IT19371/78A patent/IT1092311B/en active
- 1978-01-19 CA CA295,253A patent/CA1076881A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-01-19 SU SU782570352A patent/SU1003767A3/en active
- 1978-01-20 JP JP515078A patent/JPS53136125A/en active Pending
- 1978-01-20 DE DE19782802510 patent/DE2802510A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-01-20 FR FR7801702A patent/FR2389007A1/en active Granted
- 1978-01-20 MX MX172138A patent/MX146040A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2389007B1 (en) | 1982-11-19 |
| FR2389007A1 (en) | 1978-11-24 |
| DE2802510A1 (en) | 1978-11-02 |
| IT1092311B (en) | 1985-07-06 |
| MX146040A (en) | 1982-05-04 |
| SU1003767A3 (en) | 1983-03-07 |
| IT7819371A0 (en) | 1978-01-18 |
| GB1594472A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| ES465815A1 (en) | 1978-09-16 |
| JPS53136125A (en) | 1978-11-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |