CA1065268A - Method for manufacturing alcohol or alcoholic beverage - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing alcohol or alcoholic beverageInfo
- Publication number
- CA1065268A CA1065268A CA240,474A CA240474A CA1065268A CA 1065268 A CA1065268 A CA 1065268A CA 240474 A CA240474 A CA 240474A CA 1065268 A CA1065268 A CA 1065268A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- maize
- temperature
- ground
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000013334 alcoholic beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 244000239348 Echinochloa crus galli var. praticola Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000005498 Setaria italica Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000002252 panizo Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 240000008114 Panicum miliaceum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000007199 Panicum miliaceum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 abstract description 37
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 33
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108010077805 Bacterial Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000952054 Rhizopus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079919 digestives enzyme preparation Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100486 rice starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoprim Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(CC=2C(=NC(N)=NC=2)N)=C1 IEDVJHCEMCRBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12H—PASTEURISATION, STERILISATION, PRESERVATION, PURIFICATION, CLARIFICATION OR AGEING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; METHODS FOR ALTERING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT OF FERMENTED SOLUTIONS OR ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
- C12H6/00—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages
- C12H6/02—Methods for increasing the alcohol content of fermented solutions or alcoholic beverages by distillation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13681374A JPS5646831B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1974-11-26 | 1974-11-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1065268A true CA1065268A (en) | 1979-10-30 |
Family
ID=15184094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA240,474A Expired CA1065268A (en) | 1974-11-26 | 1975-11-25 | Method for manufacturing alcohol or alcoholic beverage |
Country Status (4)
Families Citing this family (61)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4241183A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1980-12-23 | Grain Processing Corporation | Starch liquefaction process |
| US4285975A (en) * | 1980-01-29 | 1981-08-25 | Miles Laboratories, Inc. | Production of brewer's wort |
| US4306023A (en) * | 1980-02-04 | 1981-12-15 | Robert S. Butler | Production of alcohol |
| US4316956A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1982-02-23 | Novo Industri A/S | Fermentation process |
| ZA817856B (en) * | 1980-11-25 | 1982-10-27 | Process Engineering Co | Method of continuous treatment of grain mash for producing ethanol |
| GB2089836B (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1984-06-20 | Suntory Ltd | Process for producing alcohol by fermentation without cooking |
| DE3132556A1 (de) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-07-07 | Technische Universität München, 8000 München | Verfahren und anlage zur herstellung von maischen |
| US4612284A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-09-16 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of non-gelatinized granular starch material directly to glucose |
| US4618579A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-10-21 | Genencor, Inc. | Raw starch saccharification |
| DE3530009A1 (de) * | 1985-08-22 | 1987-02-26 | Roehm Gmbh | Bierherstellungsverfahren |
| US4675192A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-06-23 | Ronald Thyfault | Method of making wheat wine |
| US4735807A (en) * | 1985-12-13 | 1988-04-05 | Ronald Thyfault | Method of making cereal wine |
| JPS63157970A (ja) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-06-30 | Tamanoisu Kk | 無蒸煮アルコ−ル醪からの酸調味料製造法 |
| FR2609046B1 (fr) * | 1986-12-30 | 1989-07-13 | Bourgogne Biodyne | Procede de production d'ethanol en continu par hydrolyse a froid et fermentation simultanees d'un substrat amylace broye |
| US4897272A (en) * | 1987-11-20 | 1990-01-30 | Tamanoi Vinegar Corporation Limited | Process for producing rice vinegar |
| US5231017A (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1993-07-27 | Solvay Enzymes, Inc. | Process for producing ethanol |
| GB2292748B (en) * | 1994-09-05 | 1998-05-06 | Ermine Ltd | A method for preparing a mash |
| WO1996036723A1 (fr) * | 1995-05-17 | 1996-11-21 | Doru Silion | Procede et installation de fabrication simultanee de l'alcool et de fourrages riches en proteines |
| CZ9902389A3 (cs) * | 1999-07-01 | 2000-10-11 | Karel Ing. Šašek | Způsob výroby lihu bez vzniku výpalků |
| KR100436355B1 (ko) * | 2001-08-14 | 2004-06-18 | 박정호 | 항산화물질, 옥타코사놀 및 베타글루칸을 함유한 발효음료및 그의 제조방법 |
| JP2005523689A (ja) * | 2002-02-08 | 2005-08-11 | ジェネンコー・インターナショナル・インク | 炭素基質からエタノールを生成する方法 |
| US20030203454A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-10-30 | Chotani Gopal K. | Methods for producing end-products from carbon substrates |
| WO2004050820A1 (en) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-06-17 | Novozymes A/S | Beer mashing process |
| US20050233030A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-20 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
| DE04718914T1 (de) * | 2003-03-10 | 2006-02-23 | Novozymes A/S | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkohol |
| ES2398216T3 (es) * | 2003-03-10 | 2013-03-14 | Poet Research, Inc. | Método para producir etanol usando almidón sin procesar |
| ES2382333T3 (es) | 2003-11-21 | 2012-06-07 | Danisco Us Inc. | Expresión de enzimas hidrolizantes de almidón granular en trichoderma y procedimiento para producir glucosa a partir de sustratos de almidón granular |
| MXPA06013600A (es) * | 2004-05-27 | 2007-03-15 | Genencor Int | Alfa amilasas acidoestables con actividad hidrolizante de almidon granular y composiciones enzimaticas. |
| AU2004320371B2 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2011-09-22 | Genencor International, Inc. | Heterologous expression of an aspergillus kawachi acid-stable alpha amylase and applications in granular starch hydrolysis |
| US7332319B2 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2008-02-19 | Genencor International, Inc. | Heterologous alpha amylase expression in Aspergillus |
| EP2363460A3 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2011-12-28 | Genencor International, Inc. | Acid fungal proteases |
| US20070037267A1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2007-02-15 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
| US7919289B2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2011-04-05 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and selecting plant material |
| US7968318B2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2011-06-28 | Genencor International, Inc. | Process for conversion of granular starch to ethanol |
| US20080299622A1 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2008-12-04 | Paulson Bradley A | Starch Hydrolysis Using Phytase with an Alpha Amylase |
| EP2137317A1 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2009-12-30 | Danisco US, INC., Genencor Division | Production of ethanol from barley and ddgs containing reduced beta-glucan and phytic acid |
| CN101827935A (zh) * | 2007-10-18 | 2010-09-08 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 用于发酵的酶掺和物 |
| WO2009100179A1 (en) * | 2008-02-06 | 2009-08-13 | Danisco Us Inc., Genencor Division | Ph adjustment free system for producing fermentable sugars and alcohol |
| JP5564441B2 (ja) | 2008-03-11 | 2014-07-30 | ダニスコ・ユーエス・インク | 糖化におけるグルコアミラーゼ及びブティアウクセラ属フィターゼ |
| WO2009114403A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Danisco Us Inc., Genencor Division | Use of rhizopus amylases in granular starch hydrolysis |
| PL2276848T3 (pl) * | 2008-04-30 | 2015-05-29 | Danisco Us Inc | Wzmocniony proces fermentacji przy wykorzystaniu melasy |
| EP2291528A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2011-03-09 | Danisco US Inc. | Process for alcohol and co-product production from grain sorghum |
| US20110020523A1 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2011-01-27 | Pepsico, Inc. | Method for Preparing a Low Viscosity Whole Grain Flour Slurry Via Mechanical Treatment |
| US9068206B1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2015-06-30 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for treatment of biomass to facilitate the production of ethanol |
| HUE025623T2 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2016-04-28 | Poet Res Inc | A method of fermenting biomass for ethanol production |
| US20100233771A1 (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-16 | Mcdonald William F | System for pre-treatment of biomass for the production of ethanol |
| US8450094B1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2013-05-28 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for management of yeast to facilitate the production of ethanol |
| US20160369304A9 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2016-12-22 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for treatment of biomass to facilitate the production of ethanol |
| EP2601300A1 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2013-06-12 | Danisco US Inc. | Production of isoprene under neutral ph conditions |
| BR112013001179A2 (pt) | 2010-08-06 | 2016-05-31 | Danisco Us Inc | sacrificação e fermentação em ph neutro. |
| HK1198837A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2015-06-12 | Danisco Us Inc. | Production of isoprenoids under neutral ph conditions |
| WO2013048700A1 (en) | 2011-09-29 | 2013-04-04 | Danisco Us Inc. | Liquefaction and saccharification of granular starch at high concentration |
| CN102586050B (zh) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-12-04 | 叶长东 | 粮食与甘蔗汁发酵的蒸馏酒及其工艺 |
| CN104946448B (zh) * | 2015-06-22 | 2018-12-25 | 吉林省绿富生态农业发展有限公司 | 一种基于玉米直接法的啤酒酿造糖浆生产方法 |
| BR102015016382B1 (pt) * | 2015-07-07 | 2021-12-07 | Margot Stinglwagner | Processo de fabricação de aguardente a partir de farinha de mandioca seca |
| WO2017082866A1 (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | Hebert Freddie | System and method for producing a comestible protein meal and fuel from a feedstock |
| RU2763378C2 (ru) | 2016-09-23 | 2021-12-28 | ДюПон НЬЮТРИШН БАЙОСАЙЕНСИЗ АпС | ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АКТИВНЫХ ПРИ НИЗКОМ ЗНАЧЕНИИ pH АЛЬФА-1,4/1,6-ГЛИКОЗИДГИДРОЛАЗ В КАЧЕСТВЕ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ ДЛЯ ЖВАЧНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ПЕРЕВАРИВАНИЯ КРАХМАЛА |
| BR112020002029A2 (pt) | 2017-07-31 | 2020-10-06 | Poet Research, Inc. | remediação de toxinas em correntes de processo de biorrefinaria |
| CN113373133B (zh) * | 2021-07-02 | 2023-10-20 | 广西乐酵生物科技有限公司 | 一种胶质玉米生产酒精的液化新工艺 |
| CN119768500A (zh) | 2022-08-23 | 2025-04-04 | 波特研究公司 | 繁殖用于减轻霉菌毒素污染的微生物的方法和系统及相关系统和方法 |
| AU2023390243A1 (en) | 2022-12-07 | 2025-05-29 | Voodoo Scientific USA, Inc. | Enzymatic smoothing of beverages |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2375189A (en) * | 1945-05-08 | Conversion process | ||
| US2198221A (en) * | 1939-10-07 | 1940-04-23 | Musher Foundation Inc | Liquor preparation |
| US2222306A (en) * | 1940-06-03 | 1940-11-19 | Harry G Atwood | Method of processing cereals for rapid filtration and recovery of grain solubles |
| US2790718A (en) * | 1953-04-03 | 1957-04-30 | Knit Wear Patents Inc | Process of manufacturing fermented beverages |
| US3022174A (en) * | 1959-09-28 | 1962-02-20 | Chas A Krause Milling Co | Art of processing cereal grits |
-
1974
- 1974-11-26 JP JP13681374A patent/JPS5646831B2/ja not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-11-17 GB GB47219/75A patent/GB1503760A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-11-17 US US05/632,254 patent/US4092434A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1975-11-25 CA CA240,474A patent/CA1065268A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5161688A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1976-05-28 |
| US4092434A (en) | 1978-05-30 |
| JPS5646831B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1981-11-05 |
| GB1503760A (en) | 1978-03-15 |
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