BRPI0915370B1 - homopolymer monolithic foundation system / sturdy aggregate floor in semicontinuous configuration - Google Patents

Description

(54) Title: MONOLITHIC FOUNDATION SYSTEM IN HOMOPOLYMER / PAVEMENT IN RESISTANT AGGREGATES IN SEMICONTINUOUS CONFIGURATION (73) Holder: SPWS - SCIENTIFIC PAVEMENT WORLD SYSTEMS, LDA. Address: Avenida Conde Valbom 116, 7 ° Andar, 1050-070 Lisbon, PORTUGAL (PT) (72) Inventor: MANUEL FILIPE LOURENÇO SERRO; CARLOS MANUEL RAMOS LOPES LEONARDO.

Validity Period: 20 (twenty) years from 07/03/2009, subject to legal conditions

Issued on: 11/21/2018

Digitally signed by:

Alexandre Gomes Ciancio

Substitute Director of Patents, Computer Programs and Topographies of Integrated Circuits

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DESCRIPTION REPORT OF THE SYSTEM INVENTION PATENT

MONOLITHIC FOUNDATION IN HOMOPOLYMER / FLOORING IN

RESISTANT AGGREGATES IN SEMICONTINUOUS CONFIGURATION.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a monolithic foundation system in homopolymer / floor in resistant aggregates in semicontinuous configuration, more specifically to a semicontinuous cement concrete floor with joints formed by load transfer plates, with structural resistance, which in itself absorbs, degrades and transmits loads, resisting the stresses placed on it and the abrasion caused by them, without differential settlements on the joint axis, also serving as a wear layer, which is based on a foundation independent of the natural soil and which serves as both base and sub-base.

Description of the Prior Art

Currently, pavements, particularly for large surfaces and mainly on roads and airports, can be made with rigid and flexible pavements. Thus, cement concrete pavements and bituminous pavements are known, each one with its execution standards characteristic of the materials used.

On hard floors, special attention should be paid to the occurrence of sudden variations in the characteristics of the sub-bed, namely the presence of expansive soils and thick layers of soft clay. For this type of flooring it is for the reasons mentioned above that special attention is given to foundations. In this way, various materials are used such as a stable form of stones, pebbles, gravel and gravel and sand with varying thickness and / or others such as cement slabs. Before, however, it is necessary to proceed, first to clean the soil with respect to its vegetal layer and later to regularize it to settle the various layers that make up the foundation.

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There are several methods for calculating the foundation that consider the foundation classes, terrain classes, materials for the bed layer and the construction of the platform. This results in foundations that are complex and that cannot always maintain the desired integrity.

All types of pavement mentioned above require a specific foundation to support it.

On the other hand, rigid floors also obey well-established standards. The parameters normally considered when determining pavement characteristics are closely related to traffic, loads, subgrade support and drainage. One of the fundamental problems to be solved lies in the differential settlements between contiguous concrete slabs on floors on elastic soils. For this purpose, load transfer elements are considered that minimize the loads that are designed for the foundation and that prevent the slabs from settling. Another problem to be solved when designing a rigid concrete cement floor is related to the sealing of joints between slabs. The basic function of sealing the inductive groove at the joints of a concrete floor is to prevent the intrusion of water and incompressible solid materials such as sand, small stones and other foreign bodies. The infiltration of water through the joint brings harmful consequences to the durability of a floor, mainly because it is the main cause of the pumping which consists in the deterioration of the foundation layer by the expulsion of the fines that compose it, thus leaving the slab bare and therefore subject to its ruin (known as the pumping phenomenon).

Summary of the Invention

The applicants, in order to solve and / or minimize the aforementioned inconveniences, have designed a monolithic foundation / floor system, which uses a foundation formed of polystyrene blocks and a floor that is equipped with special load transfer elements.

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Therefore, it is an objective of the invention to use a semi-continuous cement concrete floor with joints formed by load transfer plates, with structural resistance, which alone absorbs, degrades and transmits loads, resisting the demands that are placed on it. and the abrasion caused by them, without differential settlements on the joint axis, also serving as a wear layer, which is based on a foundation independent of the natural soil and which simultaneously serves as a base and sub-base to support the said semi-continuous floor. of concrete.

The load transfer elements used by the system object of the invention are basically the elements of the prior art referred to in Portuguese patent No. 102947, to which improvements have been made such that they will allow the use of polystyrene blocks in foundations. The patent PT 102947 is hereby incorporated by reference. Brief Description of Drawings

The following description is based on the accompanying drawings, which without any limiting character represent:

figure 1, a schematic representation of the system object of the invention;

figure 2, a schematic representation of an expansion and retraction joint;

figure 3, a schematic representation of a construction joint;

figure 4, another schematic representation of the system object of the invention;

figure 5 is a perspective view of the load transfer plate of the system object of the invention; and figure 6, a main elevation view of the load transfer plate of the system object of the invention.

Detailed Description of the Invention

Preceding the concreting of pavements the construction of an appropriate foundation to receive the concreting zone of a pavement,

4/9 which consists of several bands with each band formed by a succession of slabs. The slabs have to be contained by a formwork. Finally, the slabs are concreted.

As can be seen in the figures, foundation 1 is obtained by applying blocks of high density expanded polystyrene, which, being a homopolymer, remains stable throughout the life of the project and which has its technical specificity (density, modulus of modulus) deformation) stable behavior without changing the Westergaard modulus: K / cm ³ . Foundation 1 guarantees the bearing capacity of the set and must be designed for that purpose. The polystyrene blocks of density and dimensions according to the project are placed on top of the natural soil 2. The leveling errors of the surface must not exceed 5 mm in a 3 m rule.

In order to obtain an adequate formwork, it is not necessary to fill it with aggregates of various granulometries, and with possible frames, as in the prior art.

With the foundation 1 base and sub-base used in the system of the invention, given that it is formed by expanded polystyrene of high density, it has specific technical characteristics, which remain unchanged throughout the useful life of this material and which are essentially:

- Maintain its physical and chemical characteristics;

- Maintain density / weight / volume;

- Maintain the mode of elasticity and deformation modulus (Kg / cm ³ );

- Do not change its properties with the thermal gradient;

- Remain watertight;

- Maintain uniform support;

- Service life of more than 100 years;

- Reduce the friction coefficient at the time of concrete retraction;

- Allow manual placement without using heavy machinery;

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- To serve as a formwork for concreting the pavement (3);

- Maintain the slopes for water drainage;

- In special situations, no need to open a box;

- Place gutters for draining water;

- Use pumped concrete, which allows the placement of concrete with high slumps;

- Facilitate the placement of concrete, because once it is pumped, it allows better access to the concreting aisle;

- Increase the speed of execution.

The use of polystyrene blocks replaces the base and sub-base of traditional foundations. These blocks also provide a formwork suitable for continuous pouring. The formwork level will be in accordance with the initial project levels. The tolerance in the horizontal plane will be 1 to 2 cm in length. The length of the formwork elements is limited in order to allow leveling and tracing according to the design dimensions.

After laying the foundation 1 and consequently the formwork can, in accordance with the established work plan, proceed to concreting the floor 3.

The concreting process comprises the following steps: Preparation

The layout of the longitudinal profile will be materialized on the ground with the help of precision topographic instruments. The prescribed levels are verified by placing piles placed solidly on the ground outside the concreting aisle, with maximum intervals of 50 m, in order to constitute a rigorous longitudinal profile and parallel to the final level of the slab to be made. In the curves, the distance of the piles is shortened in order to follow exactly the profile of the project. The placement of piles must precede concreting by at least one day. Unless local impossibility, admitted by the inspection, the preparation of the joints and the placement of the load transfer plates must precede the concreting of a distance of about 50 m, in order to guarantee a continuous execution.

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The release of water on the surface will be ensured by a drainage system simultaneously performed with the placement of foundation 1 (Polystyrene blocks).

Preparation of the Concrete Corridor Against Water Loss from Concrete

To counteract any water absorption from the concrete to the foundation 1, it must always be covered by a mobile complex of about 0.2 mm and with 20 cm covers.

Concrete Composition

The composition of the concrete will be sent to inspection in order to be approved by it. It will necessarily be in accordance with pre-established conditions for each specific project.

Manufacturing Transport and Placement

Manufacturing

Manufacturing will preferably be done at the construction site and the equipment will have sufficient capacity to ensure continuous placement.

Transport

The type of transport will be subject to inspection approval, whether in a cement mixer or tipper truck.

Work Placement

The commissioning will be carried out with vibrating equipment, possibly completed by a correction ruler.

All surface charges or refills are prohibited.

In special places it can be admitted that the concrete is placed and vibrated by hand with a vibrating needle.

All the edges of the slabs along the formwork will have to be vibrated with a needle vibrator.

Atmosphere conditions

Concreting will not be allowed on days of heavy rain.

Surface Treatment

The surface treatment of the coating will be by brushing the

7/9 fresh concrete with brushes approved by the inspection.

Transverse and Longitudinal Joints

All transverse and longitudinal joints are equipped with load transfer plates.

Retraction and expansion joints are in accordance with figure 2. The depth of the sawdust is at least 2 cm.

Construction Joints

According to figure 3. Construction joints are established at the end of each daily production or in case of interruption of concreting. As you can see, the face of the joint must be flat and perpendicular to the surface of the coating. As soon as the concreting is resumed, said joints will be made concrete against concrete, and the face of the previous slab must be bathed with a non-stick product to allow an effective separation, for example Antisol.

The floor generally represented by 3 is formed by several slabs 4 which are provided with load transfer plates 5. Said plates 5 are constituted by two anchors 6 with two reinforcement bars 7 for aligning a joint inductor 8 and by a spherical joint 9 which at the moment of load support rotates counterclockwise and, at the moment of the support generated by the load transfer plates 5, rotates clockwise. This spherical joint 9 is placed under the joint inductor 8 and, the center of it, aligned with the vertical axis of the joint formed by said inductor 8.

Said spherical joint 9 frees the concrete slabs 4 from the bending / tensile stresses at the moment of load transfer, allowing the foundation 1 not to be affected by bending moments from the load and thus making the slab 4 work essentially with compression efforts guaranteeing a much higher than normal safety coefficient and longevity of the foundation 1 of the slab 4. The spherical joint 9 releasing the concrete slabs 4 from the flexural / tensile stresses at the moment of load transfer, thus allowing these slabs 4 of concrete work longer time to compression, that is, freeing them from stresses

8/9 permanent, filtering most of the vibrations caused by rolling loads.

The geometric characteristics of slabs 4 are as follows: Nominal thickness: Variable (conditioned by requests);

- Transverse slope: In principle 2% (see transversal profiles of the project);

- Nominal length: from 5 to 8 m (conditioned by requests);

- Nominal width: 5 to 8 m (conditioned by requests).

Said slabs 4 will be subject to:

- One-off rolling and stationary loads;

- Horizontal stresses caused by concrete retraction;

- Horizontal stresses caused by friction;

4 - Slab failure 4 caused by the supports on the joint axis due to the load transmission; and

- Phenomena of water or liquid infiltration, such as pumping phenomenon.

In conclusion, it is a floor 3, successfully tested in all 20 types of adverse circumstances, now having a new design of joint supports, which consists of providing the load transfer plates 5 with spherical joints 9, which as previously mentioned releases the concrete slabs 4 of the flexural / tensile stresses at the moment of load transfer, allowing the foundation 1 not to be affected by 25 bending moments from the load and thus making the slab work essentially with compression efforts. In fact, the possibility of obtaining foundations 1 with polystyrene blocks is due to the spherical joints 9.

The tightness of the joint is necessary to protect the foundation 1 against chemical agents / thinners. This tightness is guaranteed by the placement of the joint inductor 8 which has a determined inclination for the flow of water (liquids), together with the

9/9 placement of a silicone type insulator (two components) injected into the joint over the inductor 8 to promote complete insulation.

Likewise, the foundation 1 must be covered along its top and sides with a plastic material. This material makes it possible to reduce the friction coefficient from about 2.5 to 0.5 of the concrete of the slab 4 at the time of retraction and simultaneously isolate the polystyrene blocks from any chemical attack caused by spills on the floor surface 3.

Economic Aspects

With this system object of the invention, savings are obtained in the construction and use of these floors as opposed to traditional solutions such as:

- no investment in heavy machinery for opening the box;

- excavations;

- placement of selected inert materials;

- spreading of materials;

- compaction of inert materials;

- leveling of inert materials;

that is, all works related to the placement of selected soils for the creation of a foundation 1 (base and sub-base).

Bearing in mind that foundation 1 can be placed manually, the entire construction concept related to the base and sub-base for laying floors 3 undergoes a profound revolution.

The durability (useful life of more than 100 years) with total absence of conservation frees up financial resources, both in public and private entities, for investment in other equally priority areas.

The low investment destined to this technology together with the great durability, make it accessible to all entities promoting this type of work.

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Claims (7)

1. Monolithic foundation system in homopolymer / floor of resistant aggregates in semi-continuous configuration, which uses a floor with load transfer elements for the induction of 5 joints, characterized by the fact that it comprises a foundation (1) with high density expanded polystyrene blocks, which supports a semi-continuous cement concrete floor, the floor formwork being formed by the foundation polystyrene blocks (1 ). 2. Monolithic foundation / pavement system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the polystyrene blocks of dimensions determined by the project are placed manually. 3. Monolithic foundation / pavement system according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that a load transfer plate (5) consisting of two anchors (6) with two reinforcement bars 15 (7) for aligning a joint inductor (8) and a spherical joint (9) that at the moment of load support rotates counterclockwise and, at the moment of support generated by the load transfer plates (5) rotates clockwise. 4. Method for the execution of a foundation / pavement according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the said spherical joint (9) releases the concrete slabs from the flexural / tensile stresses at the moment of load transfer, allowing that the foundation (1) is not affected by bending moments from the load and thus make the slab work essentially with compression efforts. 25 5. Method for the execution of a foundation / floor according to claims 3 and 4, characterized by the fact that said spherical joint (9) is placed under the joint inductor (8), the center of which is aligned with the vertical axis of the joint formed by said inductor (8). 30 6. Method for the execution of a foundation / floor according to the previous claims, characterized by the fact that the joint is made watertight to protect the foundation (1) against agents 2/2 chemicals / diluents being provided with a silicone type insulator injected over the inductor (8) to promote complete insulation. 7. Method for the execution of a foundation / floor according to the previous claims, characterized by the fact that the foundation (1) is covered along its upper and lateral parts by plastic material in order to reduce the friction coefficient of the cement slab from about 2.5 to 0.5 at the time of retraction and simultaneously protect the polystyrene blocks from any liquid spills on the surface. 1/3 R