CN217479998U - Culvert structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a culvert structure belongs to construction technical field, and this culvert structure includes original ground the piece stone of laying on the original ground trades the filling layer, and pours the piece stone trades the body of containing on the filling layer, and this body both ends of containing are connected with the platform of containing, the platform outside of containing is provided with eight characters wing wall, the body of containing includes bottom plate, wall and roof, bottom plate, wall and roof are the steel-concrete structure, be provided with the subsiding crack between platform of containing and the eight characters wing wall, set up watertight fittings in the subsiding crack. Through replacing the soil layer at the top of the original foundation and laying the block stone replacement and filling layer on the original foundation, a firm foundation structure is obtained, and a culvert structure is arranged on the laid block stone replacement and filling layer, so that the bearing capacity and stability of the culvert foundation can be improved, the uneven settlement of the culvert foundation is reduced, and the safety of the culvert structure is ensured.

Description

Culvert structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a construction technical field especially relates to a culvert structure.

Background

The culvert is an important component of highway engineering, and in the construction of a highway, the culvert is usually built at the bottom of an embankment to drain accumulated water in the embankment and facilitate water flow; or the culvert is used as a traffic junction, so that a road is conveniently built at the lower part of the embankment, and pedestrians, animals and vehicles can conveniently pass through the culvert. In the paddy field or the water accumulation zone of a long year, the fine grain kernels are used for filling the roadbed with the height of a embankment more than 6m and the overall height of the roadbed more than 18.0m (soil texture) or more than 20.0m (stone texture) in other zones, and the roadbed is called a high-fill roadbed. When the culvert is constructed on the high fill roadbed, filler is usually filled above the culvert to the height of the road surface, and when the soil body load above the culvert is large, the foundation of the culvert can bear large vertical load, and the stress is concentrated. If the foundation treatment of the culvert is improper, the bearing capacity of the culvert foundation is insufficient, and then the non-uniform settlement of the foundation is caused due to stress concentration, so that the culvert structure and the roadbed are damaged, and the normal use of the culvert and the highway is influenced. In the process of constructing the culvert on the high fill roadbed, the improper excavation of the foundation pit can cause the instability of the side slope and water accumulation, thereby destroying the roadbed structure and influencing the construction of the culvert. In the culvert construction process, the problems of reinforcement, stability when templates are erected and culvert auxiliary structure construction exist, and therefore how to optimize the technological process of high fill roadbed culvert construction is a problem which needs to be considered in a key way.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses an one of the invention purpose lies in at least, to how to overcome the culvert ground differential settlement problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, and then leads to the culvert structure to destroy, influences the normal use of culvert and highway, provides a culvert structure, and this culvert structure is through changing to fill to original position basic top soil layer, obtains relatively firm ground structure, improves culvert ground bearing capacity to reduce culvert ground differential settlement, and then strengthen the stability of ground.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts a technical solution including the following aspects.

A culvert structure, the culvert structure comprising: the original foundation the piece stone that lays on the original foundation trades the filling layer to and pour the piece stone is traded the culvert body on the filling layer, should culvert body both ends are connected with and are contained the platform, it is provided with eight characters wing wall to contain the platform outside, it includes bottom plate, wall and roof to contain the body, bottom plate, wall and roof are the steel-concrete structure, be provided with the subsiding crack between culvert platform and the eight characters wing wall, set up watertight fittings in the subsiding crack.

The soil layer on the top of the original foundation is replaced, the block stone replacement and filling layer is laid on the original foundation to obtain a firm foundation structure, and the culvert structure is arranged on the laid block stone replacement and filling layer, so that the bearing capacity and stability of the culvert foundation can be improved, the uneven settlement of the culvert foundation is reduced, and the safety of the culvert structure is further ensured;

preferably, a reverse slope step 2-4 m wide is dug on the pit wall of the original foundation part. By adopting the culvert structure with the structural form, the replaced and filled filler can be compactly combined at the reverse slope step, and the filler is prevented from being unevenly settled, so that the stability of the culvert foundation structure is enhanced

Preferably, the culvert body includes the multistage culvert festival, is provided with the subsiding crack between two sections adjacent culvert festival to water stopping device has been arranged to the subsiding crack, the subsiding crack sets up one every 10 ~ 15m along culvert length direction.

When the culvert body only has one section of culvert section, a settlement joint is arranged between the culvert platform at two ends of the culvert section and the splayed wing wall, and a water stopping device is arranged in the settlement joint;

when the culvert body includes the multistage culvert festival, except being provided with the subsiding crack between culvert platform and the splayed wing wall, be provided with the subsiding crack between two sections adjacent welding festival equally.

Through setting up the culvert body into the mode of multistage culvert festival, when the culvert foundation subsides, can avoid causing the damage to the whole festival, realize through the subsiding crack that partial culvert festival subsides the back, the culvert structure is still firm safety, also is exactly subsides and is out of shape through subsiding crack regulation, ensures the pipe festival safety.

Preferably, the water stopping device comprises a water stopping belt and a foam plastic plate filled on two sides of the water stopping belt, and polysulfide sealant is further filled on the outer side of the foam plastic plate. In the foam plastic board can prevent effectively that surface water from permeating from culvert body, the structural stability of reinforcing culvert body, and the foam plastic board has good thermal insulation performance, can avoid the culvert body of subsiding crack department because of temperature variation is inhomogeneous the fracture, and polysulfide sealant has good cohesiveness to cement, reinforcing bar, has good water proofness, can prevent in the road bed water infiltration subsiding crack, plays effective waterproof effect.

Preferably, a graded broken stone layer is paved on the top surface of the block stone replacement and filling layer. By paving the graded broken stone layer on the block stone filling layer, the influence on the periphery in a small-range sedimentation process can be reduced, and the structural safety of the culvert foundation is further improved.

Furthermore, a concrete cushion layer is further poured on the top surface of the graded broken stone layer, and the culvert body is poured on the top surface of the concrete cushion layer. Through the concreting cushion, the bottom smoothness when the culvert body is poured is guaranteed, and the process quality of culvert construction is improved.

Further, the concrete cushion layer is a plain concrete cushion layer.

Preferably, the waterstop in the settlement joint is a rubber waterstop.

Preferably, the waterstop in the settlement joint is a steel-edged rubber waterstop, and comprises a rubber part and steel plate parts connected to two sides of the rubber part, and the steel plate parts are integrally connected in the rubber part in an embedded mode.

The rubber part in the middle can deform and contract by adopting the steel edge rubber waterstop, so that when two adjacent sections of pipe joints displace, the problem of water seepage cannot exist, and the steel plate parts on two sides can be connected with the steel bars in the culvert body, so that the fixing is firm, the displacement is difficult to occur, and the stress of each part is uniform and reasonable; the steel-edged rubber waterstop can prolong the water stopping length on one hand and further avoid water seepage, and the galvanized steel edge and the concrete have good adhesion on the other hand, so that the waterstop can bear larger tension and torsion, thereby ensuring that the effective deformation range in the concrete of the rubber waterstop cannot generate loosening and falling phenomena and improving the water stopping effect.

Preferably, the outer surface of the culvert body is further coated with a waterproof layer. The waterproof layer can prevent soil body water infiltration in the culvert body around the culvert body, avoids the culvert body structure to be destroyed.

Preferably, in 1 ~ 2m of culvert body lateral wall, adopt the sand cobble to backfill, form the sand cobble layer, other parts adopt sandy soil to backfill, through arranging the sand cobble layer in the culvert body lateral wall outside, can improve the waterlogging caused by excessive rainfall nature in the culvert body outside, further improve the waterproof nature of culvert body in the use.

Furthermore, when the outside of the sand-gravel layer on the north side of the culvert body is filled, a gravel soil backfill layer or a soil-stone mixed material backfill layer is included, and when the gravel soil backfill layer is used, the maximum grain diameter of the filling is less than 150 mm; when the soil-rock mixture is backfilled and the rock strength is more than 20MPa, the maximum grain diameter of the soil-rock mixture in the backfilled layer does not exceed 2/3 of the thickness of the compacted layer, and when the rock strength is less than 15MPa, the maximum grain diameter of the rock mixture does not exceed the thickness of the compacted layer.

In conclusion, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has at least:

1. the soil layer on the top of the original foundation is replaced, the block stone replacement and filling layer is laid on the original foundation, so that a firm foundation structure is obtained, and the culvert structure is arranged on the laid block stone replacement and filling layer, so that the bearing capacity and stability of the culvert foundation can be improved, the uneven settlement of the culvert foundation is reduced, and the safety of the culvert structure is further ensured;

2. by arranging the blocky stone replacement layer, the graded broken stone layer and the concrete cushion layer on the original foundation, the bearing capacity of the foundation is increased, the load transmitted by the upper culvert body is dispersed, the uneven settlement phenomenon of the foundation caused by stress concentration is reduced, and the culvert structure is protected;

3. setting a settlement joint every 10-15 m in the length direction of the culvert body and keeping the settlement joint consistent with the bottom plate, and additionally arranging the settlement joint at the change position of the foundation, so that the culvert is prevented from being unevenly sunk due to uneven transmission of the load on the upper part of the culvert body or uneven bearing capacity of the foundation, and the culvert body is prevented from being irregularly cracked and the structure of the culvert is damaged;

4. by arranging the water stop belt and the foam plastic plate in the settlement joint and sealing by using polysulfide sealant, accumulated water can be prevented from permeating into the settlement joint, so that the culvert structure is protected, and the service life of the culvert is prolonged;

5. according to the soil condition of the foundation, the foundation pit is excavated by grading slope drainage according to different slope rates, a platform is arranged between every two grades of slopes, so that the foundation pit can be prevented from landslide and collapse, drainage ditches and water collection wells are arranged around the bottom of the foundation pit, accumulated water in the pit is drained out of the foundation pit through a water pump, the foundation pit is prevented from being soaked in the accumulated water for a long time, the soil body structure is damaged, the landslide of the foundation pit is avoided, the stability of the pit wall of the foundation pit is improved, and the construction efficiency is improved;

6. when the formwork is erected, the full support is erected in the hole, the hole is supported by the inclined strut, and the counter-pulling screw rod and the encryption pull rod are additionally arranged between the inner formwork and the outer formwork of the wall body, so that the stability of the formwork can be enhanced, and the formwork is prevented from being displaced in the concrete construction process to influence the construction quality;

7. when the culvert back is backfilled, the integrity and the bearing capacity of soil around the culvert can be improved by controlling the particle size and the compaction degree of the filler, and the culvert structure is prevented from being damaged due to uneven settlement of the soil around the culvert.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a culvert construction process according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a culvert according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an internal mold structure of a culvert according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the foundation structure of the culvert structure of fig. 2.

Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of a culvert steel pipe support of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Figure 6 is a culvert sinker seam schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the invention.

Figure 7 is a culvert subsiding crack schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a schematic view of the outboard structure of the culvert in the culvert construction of figure 4.

Figure 9 is a plan view of the culvert construction of figure 2.

The labels in the figure are: 1-a rubble filling layer, 2-a graded rubble layer, 3-a concrete cushion layer, 4-a culvert body, 4 a-a bottom plate, 4 b-wall body, 4 c-top plate, 401-first culvert section, 402-second culvert section, 5-settlement joint, 6-vertical rod, 7-cross rod, 8-ground sweeping rod, 9-cross brace, 10-adjustable jacking, 11-square timber, 12-arch frame, 13-composite wood template, 14-foam plastic plate, 15-polysulfide sealant, 16-water stop, 161-rubber part, 162-steel plate part, 17-original foundation, 17 a-reverse slope step, 18-rubber water stop, 19-splayed wall, 20-waterproof layer, 21-sand pebble layer and 22-culvert platform.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

Fig. 2, 4 and 9 show a culvert construction according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The culvert structure of this embodiment mainly includes: the culvert is characterized by comprising an original foundation 17, a block and slab stone backfill layer 1 laid on the original foundation 17, a graded gravel layer 2 laid on the top surface of the block and slab stone backfill layer 1, a plain concrete cushion layer 3 poured on the top surface of the graded gravel layer 2, and a culvert poured on the top surface of the plain concrete cushion layer 3, wherein the culvert comprises a culvert body 4, splayed wing walls 19 and auxiliary structures. As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the culvert body 4 of the culvert comprises a bottom plate 4a, a wall body 4b and a top plate 4c, wherein the bottom plate 4a, the wall body 4b and the top plate 4c are all steel-concrete structures; the culvert body 4 comprises one or more sections of culvert sections, settlement joints 5 are arranged among the culvert sections, and water stops 16 are arranged in the settlement joints 5.

The original foundation 17 is formed by graded slope excavation, each 8m is one grade, the slope rate of each grade of side slope is determined according to the soil body condition of the grade, a platform with the width of 2-4 m is arranged between each grade of slopes, the platform is arranged between the slopes, the load of the foundation pit side slope on the upper portion of the platform can be distributed, and the stability of the foundation pit side slope is enhanced. As shown in fig. 4, a back slope step 17a with a width of 2-4 m is dug on the pit wall at the bottom of the original foundation 17, so that the replaced filler can be tightly combined at the back slope step 17a, the filler is prevented from being unevenly settled, and the stability of the culvert foundation structure is enhanced. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a settlement joint 5 is arranged between two adjacent culvert sections, the settlement joint 5 is consistent with the deformation joint of the bottom plate 4a, the settlement joint 5 is arranged to enable the culvert sections on two sides of the settlement joint 5 to settle freely, uneven settlement of the culvert foundation caused by stress concentration or uneven load borne by the culvert foundation can be avoided, the culvert is prevented from generating irregular cracks to damage the culvert structure, and stability and safety of the culvert structure are facilitated.

As a preferred embodiment, a water stopping device is arranged in the settlement joint 5 and comprises a water stopping belt 16, foam plastic plates 14 are filled on two sides of the water stopping belt 16, the foam plastic plates 14 are small in density, large in expansion and contraction strength, low in surface water absorption rate, good in reverse osmosis performance, high-temperature resistant and aging resistant, surface water can be effectively prevented from permeating into the culvert body 4, and the structural stability of the culvert body 4 is enhanced; meanwhile, the foam plastic plate 14 has good heat insulation performance, so that the temperature of the settlement joint of each section of culvert can be kept consistent, and the culvert body at the settlement joint is prevented from cracking due to uneven temperature change; polysulfide sealant 15 is filled at two ends of the settlement joint, and has good cohesiveness to cement and steel bars, good water resistance, and can prevent roadbed water from permeating into the settlement joint and play a role in effective water prevention.

The water stop 16 in the settlement joint is a rubber water stop which has elasticity and better waterproofness, the rubber water stop is embedded in the deformation joint between two adjacent sections of culvert sections, the water leakage and water seepage of the culvert can be effectively prevented by utilizing the elastic deformation and the sealing property of the rubber water stop, and the rubber water stop can be used as a shock absorption pad to buffer the load transmitted by the upper part of the culvert body and ensure the service life of the culvert; as a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the water stop 16 in the settlement joint is a steel-edged rubber water stop, and includes a rubber portion 161 and steel plate portions 162 connected to both sides of the rubber portion 161, the steel plate portions 162 are integrally connected in the rubber portion 161 in an embedded manner, and a steel-edged rubber water stop is adopted, the rubber portion 161 in the middle can deform and contract, so that when two adjacent pipe joints are displaced, the problem of water seepage does not exist, and the steel plate portions 162 on both sides can be connected with steel bars in the culvert body, so that the fixing is firm and not easy to displace, and all the portions are uniformly and reasonably stressed; the steel-edged rubber waterstop can prolong the water stopping length on one hand and further avoid water seepage, and the galvanized steel edge and the concrete have good adhesion on the other hand, so that the waterstop can bear larger tension and torsion, thereby ensuring that the effective deformation range in the concrete of the rubber waterstop cannot generate loosening and falling phenomena and improving the water stopping effect.

The filler of the block stone replacement and filling layer 1 is M7.5 or M15 mortar rubble, the thickness of the graded broken stone layer 2 is not less than 50cm, and the width of the graded broken stone layer 2 is 50cm wider than the concrete cushion layer; the concrete cushion 3 is formed by casting C20 plain concrete in place, the thickness of the concrete cushion 3 is 10-20 cm, and the width of the peripheral line of the concrete cushion 3 is 10-15 cm larger than that of the peripheral line of the culvert bottom plate. A concrete cushion layer 3 is poured between the culvert bottom plate and the graded gravel layer 2, so that the water stability and the frost heaving resistance of soil around the culvert can be improved, and the situation that the structure of the culvert foundation is damaged due to the fact that surface water seeps into the culvert foundation is avoided; the load transmitted by the culvert body can be diffused, the stress concentration is reduced, and the uneven settlement of the culvert foundation is reduced; simultaneously make level through concrete cushion 3 to the ground, the laying-out of being under construction on concrete cushion 3 makes the bottom plate atress of culvert body on the coplanar, and then evenly transmits the culvert body load to the ground in.

As shown in figure 8, the culvert structure is still including setting up the waterproof layer 20 at culvert body 4 surface, prevents that soil body water infiltration from culvert body around the culvert body in, destroys culvert body structure, in culvert body 4 lateral wall 1 ~ 2m, adopts the sand cobble to backfill, forms sand cobble layer 21, and other parts adopt sandy soil to backfill, through arrange sand cobble layer 21 in the culvert body 4 lateral wall outside, can improve the waterlogging caused by excessive rainfall nature outside the culvert body, further improves the waterproof nature of culvert body in the use.

Example 2

The utility model provides a culvert construction method, culvert construction technology is shown in figure 1, construction technology includes:

excavation of foundation pit

Before the foundation pit is excavated, preparing equipment required by culvert construction, measuring and lofting the position of the culvert foundation pit, and marking a marking line. And after the foundation pit measurement and lofting are completed, excavating the foundation pit by using an excavator, and when the excavation is carried out to be 30cm higher than the designed elevation, excavating the foundation pit to the designed elevation manually and leveling the excavated foundation pit. When the foundation pit is excavated, the foundation pit is excavated by adopting a graded slope-placing mode, different slope rates are set according to the geological condition of the foundation, so that the side slope of the foundation is stable, landslide is avoided, and the roadbed structure and the construction progress are influenced. When the foundation is a soil layer, the slope ratio of the side slope of the foundation pit is 1: 1.25 (the slope rate of the foundation pit side slope is 1: 1.5 at the steep part of the foundation slope rock-soil interface); when the foundation is a rock stratum, the slope ratio of the side slope of the foundation pit is 1: 0.75. when the height of the foundation pit side slope is larger than 8m, every 8m is a stage, and a platform with the width of 2-4 m is arranged between stages. When the foundation pit is excavated, the drainage ditch is excavated around the bottom of the foundation pit, the water collection pit is excavated at the drainage ditch every 20-30 m, accumulated water in the foundation pit conveniently flows into the water collection pit through the drainage ditch, and the accumulated water is prevented from being immersed into a foundation pit soil body and damaging a foundation pit soil body structure outside the pit and is discharged by a water pump, so that landslide and collapse of the foundation pit are prevented. And after the foundation pit is dug to the designed elevation, measuring and discharging the central line of the culvert, detecting the bearing capacity of the foundation, and performing the next construction after the detection is qualified.

Base treatment

And when the bearing capacity of the foundation at the bottom of the foundation pit does not meet the design requirement, treating the foundation in a foundation replacement mode. When the bearing capacity of the designed foundation is larger than 200kPa, graded broken stones are adopted as the filling and replacing material, and the filling and replacing thickness is determined according to the bearing capacity of the foundation detected on site and is not smaller than 50 cm. When the foundation is changed, the changing and filling thickness in the same culvert section is the same, and the position of the culvert settlement joint is adjusted according to the geological change condition of the foundation. When the replacement and filling material is broken stone, graded broken stone, pebble and flaky stone, and under the action of load, the lower soil of the replacement and filling layer is squeezed into the replacement and filling layer, a medium-coarse sand cushion layer with the thickness of 20cm is arranged at the bottom of the replacement and filling layer, the gaps among particles of the medium-coarse sand cushion layer are small, the medium-coarse sand cushion layer is easy to air and roll and compact, meanwhile, the shear resistance of the foundation can be enhanced, and the uneven settlement of the foundation is reduced. When the thickness of the weak layer below the culvert foundation cushion layer is not more than 0.5M and the local sunken part of the weak layer is not more than 1.0M, removing the weak layer, filling the weak layer with No. M7.5 or No. M15 grouted rubbles, and widening the filling width by 50cm from the foundation cushion layer. And after the culvert foundation is completely replaced, detecting the replaced foundation by adopting a heavy dynamic sounding method, wherein the detection frequency of the foundation groove is 3 points every 20m, and the detection frequency is 3 points when the detection frequency is less than 20 m. When the bearing capacity of the replaced foundation does not meet the design requirement, trimming the replacement layer to enable the replacement layer to meet the design requirement; and when the bearing capacity of the replaced foundation meets the design requirement, carrying out the next construction.

Construction of foundations

After the culvert foundation is detected to be qualified, the crushed stones are transported to the site by a conveyor and placed on one side of a foundation trench, the crushed stones are distributed to the bottom of the trench by an excavator, the crushed stones are paved and leveled to the designed elevation manually, after the detection is qualified, a template of a concrete cushion layer 3 is arranged on the crushed stones, after the template support is completed, a concrete cushion layer 3 is poured by C20 plain concrete, and the thickness of the concrete cushion layer 3 is 10-20 cm. And when the strength of the poured concrete cushion layer 3 reaches the design requirement, the template is removed, and the culvert platform construction is carried out.

Culvert platform construction

When the culvert platform construction is carried out, firstly, the bottom plate of the culvert is constructed. When the bottom plate is constructed, a bottom plate template is firstly erected, short steel pipes are clamped and driven into soil on the outer side of the template, the steel pipes are supported on the soil wall of the foundation pit side slope, the distance between the steel pipes is 50cm, and the template support adopts the steel pipes for supporting. After the formwork is erected, binding bottom plate reinforcing steel bars and reserving side wall reinforcing steel bars; and after the steel bars are bound and qualified through inspection, pouring concrete, and finishing the concrete pouring at one time, as shown in fig. 4.

And (4) checking the finished reinforcing steel bars transported to a construction site according to batches before binding the reinforcing steel bars. When the steel bars are inspected, 5% of the steel bars are extracted from each batch of the steel bars for appearance inspection, cracks and scars on the surfaces of the steel bars are inspected, the height of a lug on the surface of each steel bar is not more than that of a transverse rib, and the curvature of the surface of each 1m steel bar is not more than 4 mm; 2-3 reinforcing steel bars are extracted from each batch of reinforcing steel bars for a tensile test and a cold bending test, and the reinforcing steel bars are blanked after the tests are qualified. When the steel bar is blanked, the steel bar is coiled wire steel bar with the diameter of 8mm or 10mm, the steel bar is straightened on site by a straightening machine, and the cold drawing rate is 2% -4% when the steel bar is straightened. The steel bar is cut according to the design size, and the split, the shrinkage head or the serious elbow part of the steel bar is cut off. When carrying out the ligature connection to the reinforcing bar, the reinforcing bar that the diameter is less than 18mm adopts the overlap joint mode to connect, and the reinforcing bar that the diameter is 18 ~ 21mm adopts electroslag pressure welding to connect, and the reinforcing bar that the diameter is more than or equal to 22mm adopts straight thread muffjoint.

When electroslag pressure welding is adopted to connect the steel bar joint, before formal welding, test pieces are manufactured according to the same batch of steel bars and the same welding parameters, and a pre-welding test is carried out to determine the welding parameters of the steel bars. Before welding, the flux box is filled with qualified baked flux, and before the flux is filled, the lower opening of the flux box is sealed by a wound asbestos rope to prevent the flux from leaking. When welding, lower floor's reinforcing bar with the anchor clamps with the butt joint presss from both sides tightly, straightens upper reinforcing bar and presss from both sides the jail, makes the both edges of two reinforcing bars align to make upper reinforcing bar and lower floor's reinforcing bar concentric, the axis deviation is not more than 2 mm. When welding, the ends of the two butted steel bars are not bent, and the section is flat; when welding, the upper layer of steel bars freely fall down, so that false welding caused by moving the steel bars is avoided, and the welding quality is not influenced; in the welding process, when molten iron overflows, adding welding flux and sealing the reagent box; and straightening and fixing the upper layer of steel bars for 0.4-1 min when the steel bars are jacked, solidifying molten iron of the joint, and removing the medicament box after the joint is cooled for 2-4 min. After the steel bar joint is subjected to arc striking, when electric arc is stably combusted, when the voltage of a slag bath is too low or too high, the joint distance between the upper-layer steel bar and the lower-layer steel bar is adjusted, so that the two steel bar joints are sufficient, and the quality of the steel bar joints is ensured. The automatic alarm device is adopted to control the electrifying time of the electroslag pressure welding, so that the circuit is conveniently cut off when the voltage is overlarge, and the circuit is further protected.

When the steel bars are connected by the straight thread sleeve, before the steel bars are connected, the protective cap at the upper end of the lower layer of steel bars is unscrewed to expose the screw thread and clean cement paste on the screw thread. When connecting the reinforcing steel bars, the screwed sleeve of the upper layer reinforcing steel bar to be connected is screwed into the screw thread of the lower layer reinforcing steel bar, and the connector is screwed by a torque wrench according to a specified torque value. After the joint is screwed down, paint marks are drawn at the joint to prevent the steel bar joint from being unscrewed.

And after the construction of the culvert platform bottom plate is completed, constructing the wall body and the top plate of the culvert platform. The wall body and the top plate of the culvert platform are constructed in sections, and each section is separated according to deformation joints and is consistent with the deformation joints of the bottom plate. Before the wall body is constructed, roughening the surface of concrete at a construction joint, removing loose concrete and cleaning residues; and after the slag is cleaned up, binding wall body steel bars, and erecting a template after the binding of the wall body steel bars is finished and the binding is qualified. The supported template is a composite wood template 13, the thickness of the template panel is 15mm, the lateral wall of the culvert platform is supplemented with a bidirectional phi 14@60cm water stop counter-pull screw rod for counter-pull reinforcement (wherein phi 14@60cm means that the diameter of the counter-pull screw rod is 14mm, the distance is 60cm), and the distance between the bottom row counter-pull screw rod and the bottom surface of the wall body is not more than 30 cm. When the wall body and the top plate template are erected, the wall body and the top plate template are continuously installed, and the blocking molds at two ends of the wall body are fixed by the encrypted pull rods at deformation joints. When the template is erected, erecting full framing supports inside the culvert by adopting steel pipes, erecting scaffolds outside the culvert, and fixing the external scaffolds by using inclined struts; and double-sided adhesive tapes or glass cement coatings are clamped at the joints of the templates for plugging, so that slurry leakage is prevented. When the end mould of the culvert is connected with the side mould, the steel pipe or the steel bar is connected or welded with the side mould, so that the formworks are firmly connected without displacement in the concrete construction process, and the construction quality is improved. And binding the steel bars of the top plate after the template is erected and inspected to be qualified.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, when the full-length bracket is erected, a steel pipe with the diameter of 48mm × 2.6mm is adopted as the upright post 6 of the full-length bracket, and the length of the steel pipe is 80cm (wherein the diameter of 48mm × 2.6mm represents that the outer diameter of the steel pipe is 48mm, and the wall thickness is 2.6 mm); the vertical distance and the transverse distance of the vertical rod 6 are both 60cm, the upper end of the vertical rod 6 is provided with an adjustable top support 10, a square timber 11 with the cross section of 5 x 10cm is supported on the adjustable top support 10, an arch frame 12 is supported on the square timber 11, the vertical distance of the arch frame is 60cm, and a composite wood formwork 13 is supported on the arch frame 12. The cross rods 7 of the full framing supports the side wall formwork, and the step pitch of the cross rods 7 is 80 cm; the wall pull rods are installed at intervals of 60cm, the wall pull rods are made of reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 14mm, and the two ends of each wall pull rod are provided with butterfly buckles or wood blocks to fix the template; two or more screw caps are arranged at two ends of the wall pull rod at the part with larger stress at the bottom of the side wall. The horizontal rods of the full framing support the side wall formwork, and the step pitch of the horizontal rods is 100 cm; the wall pull rods are installed at intervals of 60cm, the wall pull rods are made of reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 14mm, and the two ends of each wall pull rod are provided with butterfly buckles or wood blocks to fix the template; two or more screw caps are arranged at two ends of the wall pull rod at the part with larger stress at the bottom of the side wall. Set up at a distance from 6 bottoms of pole setting 20 ~ 30cm of pole setting and sweep ground pole 8, make 6 atresss of pole setting even, can increase full hall support's bulk rigidity, improve bearing capacity, and then improve full hall support's stability. The lock catch rod and the cross brace 9 are arranged in the full support, so that the overall stability and the bearing capacity of the support can be enhanced. When the cross braces 9 are arranged, the vertical cross braces are arranged from the end heads, transversely arranged at intervals of 5-8 m on the periphery of the outer side of the support and in the support and continuously arranged from the bottom of the support to the top of the support; the inclination angle of the vertical scissor-strut inclined rod and the ground is 45-60 degrees, the inclined rod falls to the ground, and the top end of the inclined rod is arranged at the top of the support and is connected with the main node of the vertical rod, the cross rod 7 or the vertical rod 6 of the support. The horizontal cross braces which are longitudinally continuous and fully distributed are arranged in the intersection point plane at the top of the vertical cross brace, and the distance from the horizontal cross braces to the bottom plane of the support does not exceed 8 m; the width of the cross brace is 5 m-8 m, and every 5m cross brace is provided.

Pouring top plate

And (5) transporting the concrete to a construction site by using a stirring transport vehicle, and symmetrically pouring on two sides of the culvert platform. Before concrete pouring, sundries and garbage in the formwork are cleaned, and after cleaning is finished, concrete is poured. When concrete is poured, each section of wall body and the top plate are continuously poured in a midway uninterrupted manner, so that the formation of a construction cold joint is avoided, the bond stress of the concrete on the reinforcing steel bars is influenced, the protection effect of the concrete on the reinforcing steel bars is influenced, and the integrity of a concrete structure is influenced. As shown in fig. 2, when concrete is poured, the concrete is poured in layers and in sections, and is vibrated in layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is not more than 30 cm; after the first culvert section 401 is poured and the concrete reaches the form removal strength, the encryption pull rods are drawn out, the baffles are removed, the foam plastic plates 14 are arranged at the segmented joints, the encryption pull rods penetrate again, impurities are cleaned, and the second culvert section 402 is poured; after the concrete of the second culvert section 402 reaches the form removal strength, the construction of the next culvert section is repeated in the same way until the designed culvert length is reached; and (5) after the concrete pouring is finished and the design strength is reached, removing the template. Setting a settlement joint every 10-15 m in the length direction of the culvert body 4, additionally setting the settlement joint at the foundation soil property change position, wherein the width of the settlement joint is 2-3 cm, and stopping water by using a water stop belt 16, as shown in figure 6.

Construction of hole engineering

The method comprises the following steps that (1) MU30 stones are built by adopting M10 mortar at the opening cap stones and the paved bottom of the culvert, the cement mortar is used for pointing at a joint ratio of 1:2, a settlement joint with the joint width of 2-3 cm is arranged between a culvert platform and the splayed wing wall, and asphalt floc is embedded into the settlement joint for water stop; and adjusting the length of the splayed wing wall according to the site topography and the intersection angle of the roadbed side slope and the splayed wing wall, so that the length of the splayed wing wall meets the slope ratio of the roadbed side slope.

Culvert back backfilling and acceptance check

And backfilling the back of the culvert after the concrete of the culvert body reaches 90% of the design strength. As shown in fig. 8, before backfilling the culvert back, uniformly brushing a waterproof coating with a thickness not less than 2mm on the outer surface of the culvert body to form a waterproof layer 20, so as to prevent soil water around the culvert body 4 from permeating into the culvert body and damaging the culvert body structure; when the back of the culvert is backfilled, the back of the culvert is symmetrically and uniformly backfilled at two sides; backfilling sand and pebbles in the 1-2 m of the side wall of the culvert body to form a sand and pebble layer 21; and in other parts, adopting sandy soil to backfill. Manually matching with a small machine to roll and tamp the backfill soil within 1-2 m of the side wall of the culvert body, wherein the compaction degree is not less than 90%; and when the soil filled at the top of the culvert exceeds 1.5m, rolling and tamping by using a large-scale machine, wherein the compaction degree is not less than 96%, and when the backfilled area belongs to the range of the roadbed of the road, the compaction degree of the backfilled area is consistent with that of the roadbed of the road. When the backfill filler is selected, coarse-grained soil such as gravel soil with good gradation is selected as the filler, the maximum grain size of the filler is less than 150mm, and the filler is compacted under the optimal water content; when the filler is an earth-rock mixture and the rock strength is more than 20MPa, the maximum grain size of the rock is not more than 2/3 of the thickness of the compacted layer, and when the rock strength is less than 15MPa, the maximum grain size of the rock is not more than the thickness of the compacted layer. The filler at the top and around the culvert body does not contain peat, silt, frozen soil, strong expansive soil, organic soil, soil with more than allowable content of soluble salt and the like. And after the back of the culvert is backfilled, rolling and tamping, detecting the culvert and the filled soil, and performing the next construction after the detection is qualified.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments of the present invention, and not for the purpose of limiting the same. Various substitutions, modifications and improvements may be made by those skilled in the relevant art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A culvert structure, characterized in that, the culvert structure comprises: former ground (17) the piece stone of laying on former ground (17) trades filling layer (1), and pours culvert body (4) on piece stone trading filling layer (1), this culvert body (4) both ends are connected with culvert platform (22), it is provided with splayed wing wall (19) to culvert platform (22) outside, culvert body (4) are including bottom plate (4a), wall (4b) and roof (4c), bottom plate (4a), wall (4b) and roof (4c) are the steel-concrete structure, be provided with subsiding crack (5) between culvert platform (22) and splayed wing wall (19), set up sealing device in subsiding crack (5).

2. The culvert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a reverse slope step (17a) 2-4 m wide is dug on the pit wall at the bottom of the original foundation (17).

3. The culvert structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the culvert body (4) comprises a plurality of culvert sections, a settlement joint (5) is arranged between two adjacent culvert sections, a water stopping device is arranged in the settlement joint (5), and the settlement joint (5) is arranged at intervals of 10-15 m along the length direction of the culvert body.

4. The culvert structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the water stopping device comprises a water stopping strip (16), and a foam plastic plate (14) filled on both sides of the water stopping strip (16), wherein the outer side of the foam plastic plate (14) is further filled with polysulfide sealant (15).

5. The culvert structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the water stop (16) in the settlement joint (5) is a rubber water stop.

6. The culvert structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the water stop (16) in the settlement joint (5) is a steel-edged rubber water stop, and comprises a rubber part (161) and steel plate parts (162) connected to both sides of the rubber part (161), wherein the steel plate parts (162) are integrally connected in the rubber part (161) in an embedded manner.

7. The culvert structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a graded gravel layer (2) is laid on the top surface of the slab stone backfill layer (1), a concrete cushion layer (3) is further poured on the top surface of the graded gravel layer (2), the culvert body (4) is poured on the top surface of the concrete cushion layer (3), and the concrete cushion layer (3) is a plain concrete cushion layer.

8. Culvert structure according to one of the claims 1-6, characterized in that the culvert body (4) outer surface is further coated with a waterproof layer (20).

9. The culvert structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that sand and pebbles are backfilled in 1-2 m of the outer side wall of the culvert body (4) to form a sand and pebble layer (21), and other parts are backfilled by sandy soil.

10. The culvert structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the culvert structure further comprises a backfill layer arranged outside the sand and gravel layer (21) at the back side of the culvert body (4), comprising a gravel type soil backfill layer or a soil and stone mixture backfill layer, wherein the maximum grain size of the filler is less than 150mm when the gravel type soil backfill layer is used; when the earth-rock mixture is used as a backfill layer, the maximum grain size of the earth-rock mixture in the backfill layer is not more than 2/3 of the thickness of the compacted layer when the strength of the rock material is more than 20MPa, and the maximum grain size of the rock material is not more than the thickness of the compacted layer when the strength of the rock material is less than 15 MPa.

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