BR112014007526B1 - device for sieving and crushing inert material - Google Patents

Abstract

DEVICE FOR SCREENING AND CRUSHING INERT MATERIAL Device comprising an external casing (1), an inlet section (10) for feeding material to be crushed in the casing (1) and a crushing unit (3), accommodated in the casing (1) for crushing the material and a screening device (2) for screening the material to be crushed, placed in an intermediate position between the feed opening (10) and the crushing unit (3). The screening device (2) comprises at least one rotating member (20), the partial rotation of which is suitable for carrying out the screening of parts of the material to be crushed that are one dimension below a predetermined dimension.

Description

DEVICE FOR SINKING AND CRUSHING INERT MATERIAL Technical field

[1] The present invention relates to a device for sieving and crushing inert material of the type that comprises the characteristics mentioned in the preamble to the main claim.

[2] In the technical field to which it refers, devices for sifting and crushing are known, and can be applied to the end of the arm of an operating machine, which comprises an external housing, shaped to collect inert material, such as gravel, material resulting from the demolition of buildings and within which instruments are disposed to crush the collected material.

[3] An example of this type of device is described in European patent EP 1532321, in which the device has a paddle shape and the crushing instruments are exercised by a pair of jaws that act on the material to be crushed with an alternating movement.

[4] In such devices, there is also defined an opening for the material to be crushed, into which the material is introduced, making the device perform a collecting cup function, by means of an appropriate movement of the operating machine arm.

[5] The portions of material collected in this way will have heterogeneous dimensions, with large debris, which must be crushed, combined with gravel, sand and other small objects that, on the other hand, can be used directly as material reusable.

[6] It should be understood that the presence of this small material mixed with the debris to be crushed in the crushing instruments not only limits the machine's working capacity, making the jaws also act on the portions of reusable material, but above all compromises the life and operation of the device.

[7] In particular, the presence of sand is particularly harmful for crushing instruments, both because of its abrasive effect on its surfaces and because the sand can penetrate its mechanical components limiting its life.

[8] In order to reduce the presence of small material in the material to be crushed, sieving baskets are used that can be applied to the operating machine arm in a similar way to the devices mentioned above, such as, for example, described in patent application EP 1 177 839.

[9] The material thus selected will be discharged to the ground and then loaded into the crushing device. It is evident that this operation reduces the productivity of the system by requiring two separate work phases.

[10] As an alternative to this solution, the international patent application WO 2006/105864 also proposes to accommodate in the carcass, in addition to the crushing instruments, sifting instruments in the feeding of the device.

[11] The screening instruments are implemented by a perforated plate, which forms the base of the feed opening for the material to be crushed and on which the material is deposited after being collected. The plate is associated with a vibration system to put it in vibration and let the small material flow.

[12] After this initial sifting, the device is lifted, allowing the material to flow into the crushing area in a way that is conceptually analogous to the other known sieve crushers.

[13] However, this sieving system does not allow the achievement of a sieving speed comparable with dedicated sieving devices and, in addition, requires some coordination between the phases of collection, sieving and crushing, since an insufficient waiting time on the perforated plate does not produce an effective sieve.

[14] It should be noted that, even if other screening systems are known to be placed on these devices, their use in combination with crushing systems becomes complex and, in general, not very effective.

[15] For example, patent application EP 2 278 078 describes a device provided with a series of rollers for sieving or crushing the material.

[16] The rollers support a series of discs in the shape of a star, or alternatively in the form of circular discs, which are provided with a plurality of inserts along their edges, which when rotate act on the material.

[17] This solution, although it can be adapted to sieve material that is not very hard, does not lend itself to harder materials, such as those derived from construction demolitions, or inert materials from quarries and mines, which instead in addition, they are usually crushed in the devices illustrated above.

[18] Indeed, specifically due to the bumps present in the star-shaped discs or, equivalently, due to the inserts present as an alternative to these, when the rollers rotate, the material is free to crawl in the spaces that separate the rollers or between a roller and the device housing.

[19] When these materials are too hard, the rotation of the roller is blocked resulting in interruption of work. Consequently, this solution is not suitable for carrying out just one screening of the product, as is sometimes the case with the vibrating plate screening device described in patent application WO 2006/105864.

[20] Therefore, the basic technical problem of the present invention is to provide a device for sieving and crushing inert material that allows, with reference to the state of the art, the above mentioned inconveniences to be addressed.

[21] This problem is solved by means of the device according to claim 1 and according to claim 11.

[22] The present invention has some significant advantages. The main advantage consists in the fact that the device according to the present invention is able to perform a screening before grinding the material, quickly and effectively, thus increasing the productivity of the system in relation to known systems. In addition, it is even capable of working with particularly hard materials without the risk of blocking the sieving system and the resulting interruptions in the duty cycle.

[23] Other advantages, characteristics and modes of use of the present invention will become clearer from the following detailed description of some configurations presented by way of example and in a non-limiting way. Reference is made to the figures in the attached drawings, in which:

[24] Figures 1 and 1A are seen in cross-section from the side and a detail of the device according to the present invention,

[25] Figures 2 and 2A are seen in perspective and in detail of the device of figure 1, in which some external parts have been removed for the purpose of illustrating the internal arrangement of its components,

[26] Figure 3 is a front view of a first variant embodiment of the device according to the present invention,

[27] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view from the side in detail of the device in Figure 3,

[28] Figure 5 is a side view of a second embodiment of the device according to the present invention,

[29] Figure 6 is a top view of the device in Figure 5,

[30] Figures 7 and 7A are seen in cross-section from the side and a detail of the device in figure 5,

[31] Figures 8 and 8A are partial cross-sectional views of the front and a detail of the device of figure 5,

[32] Figure 9 is a perspective view of the device in Figure 5,

[33] Figure 10 is another perspective view of the device in Figure 5, in which some external parts have been removed for the purpose of illustrating the internal arrangement of its components,

[34] Initially with reference to Figure 1, a device for crushing inert material, such as scrap material from construction demolitions or excavations, is generally indicated by the reference number (100). Such a device is of the type suitable to be mounted on a movable arm of an operating machine, not shown in the drawings, by means of a connection plate (5) or other equivalent connection means.

[35] The grinding and screening device (100) comprises an external housing (1), inside which a grinding unit (3) is shown, schematically illustrated.

[36] The crushing unit (3) is placed inside a feed channel (101) for the material to be crushed, along which a feed direction (A) is defined, substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the device.

[37] In addition, according to a preferred configuration, the shredding unit (3) is of the jaw type and comprises at least one movable jaw (31), preferably associated with a fixed jaw (32), which moves with reciprocating motion in a shredding direction (C) perpendicular to the feed direction (A) of the material. On the other hand, the movement of the jaw (31) can be combined with a component in the direction (C) and a component parallel to the feeding direction (A).

[38] It is also noted that in the present configuration, the channel (101) presents a substantially rectangular cross section, in order to allow the movement of the mandible (31) inside it.

[39] In said device (100) an inlet section (10) is defined for feeding the material to be crushed inside the housing (1) and a sieving device (2) is provided for sieving the material to be crushed, placed in an intermediate position between the inlet opening (10) and the crushing unit (3). The housing additionally comprises an appendix blade (42), arranged upstream of the shredding device (2) in relation to the feed direction (A), providing an improvement in the collection of the material to be shredded from the ground, or , most commonly, from any work surface.

[40] In greater detail, the grinding device (2) comprises at least one rotating member (20) which can rotate about a geometric axis (Y) substantially perpendicular to the feed direction (A) of the material in the direction of the unit crushing process (3), as shown in Figure 2.

[41] In more detail, the grinding device (2) is formed by a pair of rotating members, which rotate in a corresponding direction, and supported on the same housing (1), in a position adjacent to an entrance opening (11) of the housing which, in the present configuration, coincides with the feeding section (10).

[42] Each rotating member (20) is shaped like a rod and supports a plurality of disks (21), which also have their axis parallel to the geometric axis of rotation (Y).

[43] The rotating members are spaced from each other and staggered from the respective edges of the base of the channel (101), these edges being adjacent to the rotating members, in order to define sufficient spaces for the passage of material that does not need to be crushed .

[44] According to a first preferred configuration, each disc (21) is provided with at least a pair of extensions (21A), which develop in a radial direction, with diametrically opposite directions, as can be seen clearly in Figure 1A. However, unlike the known systems, the rotating members (20) and, consequently, the extensions (21A) do not perform a complete rotation, but are limited to oscillate around the geometric axis (Y) at an angle of rotation α of amplitude less than or equal to the angle between two consecutive extensions. This movement can be achieved by connecting a drive pulley (23) to a driven pulley (22), integrated with the rotating member (20), by means of a connecting rod (24) articulated on both pulleys at opposite ends, thus defining , an articulated quadrilateral impulse mechanism.

[45] In more detail, using an arm for the connecting rod (24) on the drive pulley (23), shorter than the driven pulley arm (22), a complete rotation of the driving pulley (23) will correspond to only a partial rotation of the pulley (22) and the rotating member (20) integrated with it. In other words, the distance (b1) between the pivot point on the driven pulley (23) and the center of rotation of the latter is less than the distance (b2) between the pivot point on the driven pulley (22) and the axis geometric (Y).

[46] The rotation movement is, moreover, also transmitted to the pulley (22 '), using a connecting rod (24') or other equivalent system, to transmit the movement. In any case, the use of the connecting rod (24 ') advantageously provides for the transmission a partial rotation mode for the pulley (22') similar to that of the driven pulley (22).

[47] Naturally, by modifying the connecting rod arms (24 ') on the pulleys (22) and (22'), it will be possible to make the pulley (22 ') rotate through an angle having an amplitude that is different from the angle α .

[48] As can also be seen from Figure 1A, providing an alternating rotation movement for the rotating members (20) of a magnitude less than a complete circle, it will be possible to provide a movement in the material to be crushed in order to allow the passage between the two rotating members (20), or between one of these and the ends (102) of the device at the base of the channel (101) for the sandy parts and for the material that does not need to be crushed. Specifically, the material is subject to an up and down movement, pushed by the extensions (21A) and mixed in order to reach its sieving. However, unlike the known systems, there will be no risk of the material with dimensions larger than the spaces provided for the screening to be subjected to the action of the extensions (21A), which, otherwise, would be greatly stressed.

[49] In fact, by not performing a full rotation, but an oscillatory rotation movement, it is possible to prevent the rotating members (20) from being blocked by the presence of material that is excessively hard and of large dimensions that creep between the members rotating, or between the latter and the ends (102), since the inversion of the rotation moves the material away from the locked position, bringing it back to the center of the channel (101).

[50] Due to this characteristic, it is not really necessary to provide crushing capacity for the rotating members (20), attributing the crushing of the material to the crushing unit (3). This solution, in fact, manages to combine the screening and crushing activities that are highly effective, while ensuring high productivity, since the risk of blocking the device is minimized.

[51] It is also noted that the screening device according to the present invention therefore provides, due to the movement of the extensions (21A), to obtain an up and down movement in the material to be crushed, obtaining effective sieving before it reaches the crushing unit.

[52] In addition to the characteristics described above, another possibility can be provided by reversing the direction of rotation of the rotating members (20), by reversing the rotation of the driving pulley (23), in case the material is blocked in the region of the spaces intended for the passage of the material.

[53] This reversal of rotation can occur either manually or automatically. In particular, if the rotating member (20) is rotated by means of a hydraulic system, pressure sensors can be provided in the operating fluid supply circuit for the movement of the member (20) and reversal of rotation can occur if a predetermined pressure value is exceeded, indicating that the rotating member (20) is blocked.

[54] In the case of hydraulic operation, the device according to the present invention can advantageously use the same circuit as that of the operating machine, which is normally also used to operate the milling unit (3).

[55] For the purpose of reducing the maximum volume of operating fluid required to operate the system, means for selectively sending the volume of oil to the rotating member (20) or to the grinding unit (3) can be provided. Thus, with the same volume of operating fluid it will be possible to selectively operate the sieving device (2) or the grinding unit (3), possibly providing a gradual change in volume between the device (2) and the unit (3). Thus, scenarios can be provided in which the sieving device (2) continues, albeit with less intensity, the sieving and spraying action, even when the crushing unit is operating.

[56] Advantageously, instruments can also be provided to detect the position (7) of the device, in particular for the detection of its inclination, which provides means for the identification of its position and, therefore, the operation of the sieving device ( 2) or the crushing unit, or operating both with reduced load.

[57] Figures 5, 5A and 6, 6A represent a first configuration variant of the present invention, which differs from the previous configuration in that it displays the rotating members (20) rotating in opposite directions. In other words, when one member (20) rotates clockwise, the other one rotates counterclockwise, and vice versa.

[58] This configuration differs from the previous one using a rod (24 ") articulated on the pinion (22 '), in different angular positions in relation to the connecting rod (24') · In other words, the movement system , which is used in this way, is generally defined as an articulated antiparallelogram.

[59] It is further noted that, for the purpose of reducing the sieving spaces and the use of extensions (21A) of great radial amplitude, the disks (21) of each rotating member (20) can be displaced in relation to the disks (21) of an adjacent rotating member (20), thus providing an interpenetration of the movement paths of the teeth (21A). Thus, it is possible to obtain a finer grinding effect and smaller overall dimensions of the device.

[60] According to another configurative variant, shown in Figures 7, 7A and 8, 8A, each rotating member (20) comprises a plurality of disks (21 '), which are arranged eccentrically in relation to the geometric axis of rotation (Y ) of the rotating members (20) and out of step with each other, that is, the disks (21 ') in a rotating member have geometric centers which are different from each other. Advantageously, as illustrated in Figure 7A, the disks (21 ') of each rotating member (20) have the same eccentricity "e" as the corresponding disks (21') over the rotating member adjacent to it.

[61] Consequently, due to this configuration, the disks (21 ') of a rotating member (20), during their rotation, are kept equidistant to the corresponding disks (21') of another rotating member (20), therefore allowing precise control of the material that passes through the sieving device. Thus, it will be possible, in a similar way to the previous configurations, to avoid material of excessive dimensions, whose crushing would be necessary, to be able to crawl between the rotating members (20).

[62] In addition, the use of discs (21 ') along a respective rotating member (20), provides the transmission of an up and down movement in the material being worked, thus improving the sieving action, even in this case, in a conceptually similar way to the previous embodiments.

[63] To prevent the material from being able to block the rotating members of the grinding device (2), at the ends (102), the device (100) is provided with a plurality of fins (103) which are arranged between two discs adjacent (21 '), in order to limit the useful space for the passage of material. These fins (103) have a substantially triangular shape and extend in a plane substantially parallel to that of the discs (21 ').

[64] Unlike the previous configuration, the risk of obstruction of the rotating members (20) is avoided, even in the case of a complete rotation of the discs (21 '), since, due to the extensions (21A) are absent, the discs will not be subjected to stresses resulting from blocked materials in the sieving device (2).

[65] Therefore, by providing a complete rotation of the rotating members (20), it will be possible to achieve higher speeds with drive systems, which are not very complex.

[66] For example, the members (20) can be rotated by means of a belt or chain transmission, which receives its movement from the drive pulley (23).

[67] It is also noted that, in this last configuration, the distance (d) between the centers of the rotating members (20), understood to be the distance between the respective geometrical axes of rotation, can be adjustable in order to modify the size of the spaces defined for the passage of the material and, consequently, the characteristics of the screening.

[68] A fourth embodiment is shown in Figures 9 to 10A.

[69] In this embodiment, the screening device includes a rotating member (200) formed on a rotating crankshaft on a geometric axis of rotation (Y ') substantially perpendicular to the feed direction (A) of the material in the direction of the crushing unit (3).

[70] On the crankshaft there are, rotationally supported, a plurality of pairs of connecting rods (201, 202), which, through the rotation movement around the geometric axis (Y '), are subjected to a movement of articulated quadrilateral .

[71] Thus, the connecting rod (202), rotatably supported around a geometric axis (Y ") / parallel to the geometric axis (Y '), oscillates around its geometric axis of rotation, penetrating with reciprocating movement in the inside the channel (101).

[72] This alternating movement reaches the material to be crushed in the channel (101), moving and sifting it.

[73] In particular, as illustrated in Figure 10A, the sieving device also includes a series of fixed ribs (203), parallel to the connecting rods (201 and 202) and located between each pair of connecting rods, which provides defined spaces for the passage of material that is smaller than the predetermined size and does not require crushing.

[74] Therefore, the invention solves the indicated problem, achieving a plurality of advantages at the same time, including a notable increase in the service life of the crushing unit and the sieving device, in particular of the jaws and associated mechanical components, as well as less need for device maintenance.

Claims (6)

DEVICE FOR SINKING AND CRUSHING INERT MATERIAL (100), which comprises an external housing (1), an inlet section (10) for feeding the material to be crushed inside the housing (1), a crushing unit (3) of the type with jaws accommodated in the carcass (1) for crushing the material and comprising at least one movable jaw (31) with reciprocating movement in a crushing direction (C), perpendicular to the feed direction (A) of the material a sieving device ( 2) for sieving the material to be crushed, placed in an intermediate position between the feed opening (10) and the crushing unit (3) and comprising at least two rotating members (20), in which the rotation of said members ( 20) is suitable for sieving parts of material to be crushed, which are less than a predetermined dimension, wherein said rotating member (20) supports a plurality of discs (21 ') with a parallel axis to the geometric axis of rotation (Y) perpendicular to the feeding direction (A), the device being characterized by the disks (21 ') being arranged eccentrically with the geometric axis of rotation (Y), the disks (21') of each rotating member (20) being offset with each other with respect to the axis of rotation (Y) and exhibiting the same eccentricity (e) of the corresponding discs (21 ') of a rotating member (20) adjacent to it. DEVICE (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that said rotating member (20) is supported inside the housing (1) in which the ends (102) are defined in the housing (1) in an area adjacent to the rotating member ; the device (100) further comprising a plurality of fins (103) extending between two adjacent disks (21 ') of the rotating member (20). DEVICE (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the fins (103) have a substantially triangular shape and have a flat development substantially parallel to that of the discs (21 '). DEVICE (100) according to claim 3, characterized in that the discs (21 ') of each rotating member (20) exhibit the same eccentricity (e) as the corresponding discs (21') of a rotating member (20) adjacent to it . DEVICE (100) according to claim 4, characterized in that a plurality of rotating members (20) are parallel to each other and have an adjustable distance (d) between centers. DEVICE (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises connection means (5) for connection to a free end of an arm of an operating machine.

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