ES2894942T3 - System and method to minimize the fine material produced during the grinding of frangible material - Google Patents

Abstract

A system (10) comprising: a near-horizontal jaw (20) that can be moved to reduce the size of the frangible material, the near-horizontal jaw (20) is positioned at an angle of 6°±2° to 80°±10 ° with respect to the ground; a stationary shell (30) around an upper side of the nearly horizontal jaw (20), an area (35) defined between an outer surface of the nearly horizontal jaw (20) and an inner surface of the shell with an opening (40) extending from the area (35) along a nearly horizontal length of the jaw (20) and the stationary cover (30); a drive mechanism (70) for causing the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to move in a plurality of directions to vary the area (35) between the cover (30) and the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to reduce a size of the frangible material within the area (35), moving the frangible material between the near-horizontal jaw (20) and the stationary cover (30) forward along an elongated length of the near-horizontal jaw (20) and the frangible material from self-release fitted between the almost horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30); and a tray (50) located at the bottom of the elongated jaw (20), along the elongated length of the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to capture frangible material that falls from the area (35) between the nearly horizontal jaw (20). horizontal (20) and the cover (30) in which the tray (50) can be moved by the drive mechanism (70) to cause the frangible material inside the tray (50) to move from under the almost horizontal jaw (20) and cover (30) to an outlet location.

Description

DESCRIPTION

System and method for minimizing fine material produced during shredding of frangible material Cross reference to related application

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Application No. 62/173,042, filed June 9, 2015.

field of invention

The embodiments relate to crushers and, in particular, to a type of crusher generally used to break concrete and rock into smaller aggregates, including crushers used to crush reinforced concrete and asphalt masses taken from demolition sites and quarried stone from the quarries.

Background

Grinding devices are known in the art for use in reducing large pieces of frangible material such as, but not limited to, concrete, rock, asphalt, etc., into smaller pieces. For the most part, jaw crushers currently in use have proven satisfactory for most of their intended purposes, including feed size, hard rock capacity, reduction ratio, product characteristics, performance, and economics. However, improvements are still possible in each of these areas. For example, many prior art jaw-type crushers have a fixed jaw and a large, heavy movable jaw. In most prior art jaw type crushers, the eccentrically mounted rotating jaws are driven by motors where the frangible material passes through at least one of the jaws. Since the frangible material is placed in at least one of the eccentrically mounted rotary jaws, the motor driving the jaw would have to produce sufficient force to allow the jaw to produce its eccentric motion even with the additional weight of the frangible material. Due to the additional weight on such jaws, this type of prior art jaw crusher would typically experience more wear than crushers that did not apply additional weight to an eccentrically mounted rotating jaw.

The chunks of material can remain engaged with the jaw(s) creating fine material until the chunks are small enough to fall out of the jaw(s). While the shredded material can be reused, the fine material does not serve as many reusable purposes. Therefore, entities wishing to break frangible material into smaller pieces would benefit from a system and method that provides for breaking frangible material where the production of fine material is minimized. US 581756 A and US 450890 A disclose mineral crushers. US 2,591,639 A discloses a jaw type crusher.

brief summary

The system comprises a jaw movable during operation of the system, the jaw comprising an upper part for contacting frangible material and a lower part. A cover is provided which is stationary during system operation. The cover surrounds at least a segment of an upper part of the jaw to create an area between the jaw and the cover to reduce the size of frangible material during operation of the system. A tray located at the bottom of the jaw is also provided to capture frangible material that falls from the area between the jaw and the cover.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a system as set forth in claim 1. Optional features of the system are set forth in the dependent claims.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method as set forth in claim 9.

Brief description of the drawings

A more specific description of the invention briefly described above will be presented with reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings represent only typical embodiments of the invention and, therefore, should not be considered as limiting its scope, the embodiments of the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail by use of the accompanying drawings in the what:

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a system that minimizes the production of fine material when grinding frangible material;

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the system with the cover removed to show the jaw;

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the cover around the jaw;

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the elongated jaw and the separate cover;

Figure 5 shows a flow diagram illustrating an illustrative embodiment of a method for minimizing the production of fine material; and

Figure 6 shows another flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for minimizing the production of fine material.

Detailed description

Embodiments are described herein with reference to the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals are used throughout the figures to designate like or equivalent elements. The figures are not drawn to scale and are provided merely to illustrate aspects disclosed herein. Various disclosed aspects are described below with reference to non-limiting application examples for illustration. It is to be understood that numerous specific details, relationships, and methods are set forth in order to provide a complete understanding of the embodiments disclosed herein. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art, however, will readily recognize that the disclosed embodiments can be practiced without one or more of the specific details or by other methods. In other cases, well-known structures or operations are not shown in detail to avoid misunderstanding the aspects disclosed herein. The embodiments are not limited by the illustrated order of acts or events, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or simultaneously with other acts or events. Also, not all of the illustrated acts or events are necessary to implement a methodology according to the embodiments.

Although the numerical ranges and parameters that set forth the broad scope are approximations, the numerical values set forth in specific non-limiting examples are stated as accurately as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors that are necessarily the result of the standard deviation found in their respective test measurements. Also, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges included therein. For example, an interval of "less than 10" can include each and every subinterval between (and including) the minimum value of zero and the maximum value of 10, that is, each and every subinterval that has a minimum value equal to or greater than zero and a maximum value equal to or less than 10, e.g. e.g. 1 to 4.

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a system that minimizes the production of fine material when grinding frangible material. While many prior art shredders are arranged vertically so that the frangible material is primarily subjected to the action of gravity to direct it to be shredded, the system 10 may not be vertical. As such, the system 10 actually has less height compared to prior art shredders. The height of the system 10 can be determined based on the angle of a jaw 20 or cover 30 relative to the ground. System 10 is positioned at an angle of from about six degrees (plus or minus 2 degrees) to about eighty degrees (plus or minus 10 degrees). Thus, at the minimum height, approximately six degrees, the system 10 is nearly horizontal.

As further shown in Figure 1, a drive mechanism 70 is provided. The drive mechanism 70 may be provided to cause movement of the jaw 20 in an up and down motion in at least one of the forward directions. and backwards. In another non-limiting example, the movement of the jaw 20, caused by the drive mechanism 70, is an eccentric movement. Also shown is a transport system 80. The transport system 80 is positioned to catch the crushed material and transport it away from the jaw 20 and cover 30.

Being nearly horizontal, or horizontal, achieves a lower feed height compared to prior art shredders. Furthermore, the embodiments disclosed herein can accept longer pieces of frangible material compared to prior art shredders. Also, by being nearly horizontal, a smoother or more direct transition is made from the jaw 20 and cover 30 to the transport system 80 since the conveyor is also positioned nearly horizontal or horizontal with respect to the surface on which it rests. or the system settles.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the system with the cover removed to show the jaw. As illustrated, system 10 comprises a tapered jaw 20 angled in a downward direction along its length and configured to have raising and lowering motion in at least one of a forward direction and a rearward direction. . Cover 30 surrounds an upper portion of jaw 20 and defines an area 35 between cover 30 and jaw 20 along the length, or elongated portion, of the jaw. Cover 30 further helps define an opening 40 between at least one side between cover 30 and jaw 20. A connector 28 may provide further movement of jaw 20 initiated by drive mechanism 70.

Movement of jaw 20 causes frangible material to pass along the length of jaw 20 and back out of jaw 20 through opening 40 when the frangible material has reached a size to pass through the opening. 40. Thus, as configured, frangible material small enough to pass through opening 40 can do so. Also, since broken frangible material can exit jaw 20 and cover 30 sooner, it helps minimize the amount of fine material that prior art systems produce. In other words, the movement of the jaw 20 relative to the cover 30 only keeps frangible material within these two components until they are of sufficient size to pass past these components. By doing this, no frangible material is left within these components to be further crushed, which would result in further size reduction causing the creation of fine material. As the frangible material moves along the length of the jaw 20, pieces of frangible material, which are small enough to fit through the opening 40, pass through. Other remaining bits will remain within system 10, specifically between cover 30 and jaw 20, until they are of a size capable of exiting opening 40. A tray, or base, 50 is provided and attached to jaw 20. Frangible material that no longer requires further size reduction can be caught by the tray by engaging jaw 20 and cover 30, and moved toward opening 40 by movement of jaw 20.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the cover around the jaw. More specifically, as illustrated in Figure 3, the plate or cover 30 surrounds the elongated jaw 20 where both are sloped downward. The broken frangible material exits the sides of the jaw 20 at the opening 40 created between the jaw 20 and the cover 30. The frangible material can pass through the opening 40 directly by being in contact with both the jaw 20 and the cover. cover 30 or once it rests on the tray 50. The term "sides", as used above, means along any surface of the jaw 20. Also as also illustrated, the frangible material is fed to the system 10 in a distal end 60 of the jaw 20 when compared to the location of the opening 40.

As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the cover 30 may have a tapered shape, which means that more space is provided between the cover 30 and the jaw 20 at the distal end 60 of the jaw 20 compared to the opening 40. The tapered shape of the cover 30 may have a tapered angle similar to that of the jaw 20. In another embodiment, the tapered angle of the cover 30 may be different from that of the jaw 20. In another embodiment, the cover is arranged to provide a greater crushing of material at an anterior location, closer to the distal end 60, in the jaw 20. Thus, a reverse taper of the cover 30 relative to the jaw 20 may be employed. Thus, in that embodiment, the crushing may be considered uniform as the cover 30 forces crushing to occur sooner than if the cover 30 and jaw 20 had a similar tapered angle. In essence, the cover can be positioned or arranged to create an angle between the inner surface of the cover and the jaw 20.

The cover 30 may also be adjustable, meaning that it can be positioned to adjust the area 35 between the jaw 20 and the cover 30. The adjustment may also adjust a size of the opening 40. As explained herein, the opening 40 on a first side of the jaw 20 may be the same or different than the opening 40 on the second side of the jaw 20. This may be possible as the cover may be positioned closer to one side of the jaw 20 than to the second side. of jaw 20.

Once placed in the desired position, the cover 30 can then be secured so that it does not move during operation of the system 10. Thus, as explained above, the cover 30 may have an angle other than the angle of the jaw. 20. As a non-limiting example, the cover 30 may have a greater angle to allow for a greater area near the base 50 of the jaw 20.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the elongated jaw and the separate cover. Jaw 20 may comprise a tapered or semi-triangular shape, when viewing jaw 20 from opening 40 or from distal end 60. Also shown is base 50 located below jaw 20. One shape of jaw 20 may comprise others. shapes. As a non-limiting example, the width of jaw 20 may increase or decrease along its length from distal end 60 to opening 40. Although the outer surface of jaw 20 is shown as segmented, in another embodiment, it may be a smooth transition. More specifically, an outer surface of the jaw 20 may comprise a plurality of segments 85 of different diameters along the length of the jaw 20. The segments 85 may be symmetrical or non-symmetrical, as illustrated, with respect to the other segments 85. In another embodiment, a pattern may be inscribed or engraved on one surface of the jaw 20 to further assist in breaking down frangible material. An inlet, or passage, 65 is provided at the distal end 60 of the jaw 20 for entry of frangible material between the cover 30 and the jaw 20. At the opening 40, that end of the jaw 20 may be apex-shaped, a blunt shape or a flattened end shape.

The cover 30 may be stationary during operation of the system 10. At least one connector 75 is provided to attach the cover to a portion of the system 10 so that the cover is stationary during operation. Thus, receivers 72, 79 are provided on the cover 30 and system and connector 75 holds the respective receivers together. In another embodiment, hydraulic cylinders may be used to hold the cover 30 in place.

As mentioned above, during operation, the jaw 20 not only crushes the frangible material, but based on its movement, it also pushes or moves the material forward along the elongated length of the jaw 20. Thus, the mandible acts as a feeder. Doing so provides less wear on the drive mechanism 70, since the frangible material is not concentrated in a signal region of the jaw during the breaking process. Less wear is also seen as jaw 20 and tray 50 move during operation causing frangible material to automatically release so that it does not become wedged, jammed or packed between jaw 20 and cover 30. Also , less power is required from the drive mechanism 70. This is also because the frangible material remains loose or does not bunch up in a specific location along the jaw 20. By the time the frangible material approaches the end of jaw 20 near opening 40, much of the frangible material has already broken down to a size that has already passed from within area 35 between jaw 20 and cover 30 and has fallen onto conveyor 80 and been transported away from the system 10. This further results in less or less fines or fine material being produced, compared to the prior art system, as the fines are not as usable as e l crushed frangible material. Also, by the shape of the jaw 20, the system 10 is self-releasing as the movement of the jaw 20 in combination with the openings 40 allows frangible material to exit the system immediately once it is of a size that it passes through. opening 40. Properly sized material can pass through opening 40 where the length of elongated jaw 20 ends at opening 40. This is further accomplished as the tray captures early crushed frangible material and moves it toward opening 40. by movement of jaw 20 which also results in movement of base 50.

Thus, as previously disclosed, the system 10 may comprise a jaw 20 that is movable during operation of the system 10. The jaw 20 may comprise an upper portion for contacting the frangible material and a lower portion. Cover 30 may be stationary during operation of system 10. Cover 30 surrounds at least a segment of an upper portion of jaw 20 to create an area 35 between jaw 20 and cover 30 to reduce the size of frangible material during operation. operation of system 10. Tray 50 may be located at the bottom of jaw 20 to capture frangible material that falls from the area between jaw 20 and cover 30. The jaw and cover define an inlet 65 into which small frangible material is fed. Jaw 20 and cover 30 may define an outlet 40 from which frangible material that has been reduced in size by at least one of jaw 20 and cover and tray is removed by movement of jaw 20 during movement. system operation 10.

An outer surface of the upper part of the jaw 20 may comprise a smooth surface or a plurality of segments where at least two of the plurality of segments are of different height, dimension, size, etc. A receiving device 80 for collecting frangible material passing from the jaw and cover is disclosed. The receiving device may be a transport system. Jaw 20 is approximately six degrees to approximately eighty degrees from a surface on which the system is placed. The cover 30 may also be positioned at approximately the same degrees as the jaw 20. The cover 30 may be adjustable to define the area 35 between the cover and the jaw prior to operation of the system. Also, the area 35 between the cover 30 and the jaw 20 may decrease from where the frangible material is placed between the cover and the jaw and where the reduced size frangible material exits between the cover and the jaw 20. The jaw 20 may comprising a generally triangular shape with a rounded apex or the jaw 20 may comprise a tapered shape along its length with a base of the jaw 20 larger at a first end and smaller at a second end.

In another embodiment, system 10 comprises a nearly horizontal jaw 20 that can be moved to reduce the size of frangible material, a stationary shell 30 around an upper side of jaw 20, an area 35 that is defined between an outer surface of jaw 20 and an inner surface of cover 30, and a drive mechanism 70 for causing jaw 20 to move to vary the area between cover 30 and jaw 20 to reduce the size of frangible material within area 35.

A tray 50 is provided to capture frangible material that has been reduced in size, but is still within the area between jaw 20 and cover 30. Tray 50 can be moved by drive mechanism 70 to cause material within tray 50 moves from the area between jaw 20 and cover 30 to an exit location 40. Conveyor 80 captures frangible material that has been reduced in size to escape the area between jaw 20 and cover 30 during transport. operation of drive mechanism 70. As described above, cover 30 may be adjustable to define area 35 between cover 20 and jaw 30. Area 35 between cover 30 and jaw 20 may decrease from where it is placed. the frangible material between the cover 30 and the jaw 20, the entrance 65 and where the frangible material of reduced size exits 40 from between the cover 30 and the jaw 20. The jaw cas Horizontal i 20 is about six degrees to about eighty degrees from a surface on which system 10 is placed.

Figure 5 shows a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method for minimizing the production of fine material. Method 500 comprises moving a nearly horizontal jaw actuated by a spring mechanism. actuation with an upper part of the jaw surrounded by a stationary cover that with the jaw defines an area between the jaw and the cover to reduce the size of frangible material, at 510. The method further comprises capturing reduced-size frangible material to fall within the area between the jaw and the cover with a tray located at the bottom of the jaw and moved by operation of the drive mechanism, at 520. The method also comprises removing undersized frangible material of at least one of the area between the jaw and the cover and the tray with a transport system, at 530.

Figure 6 shows another flow chart illustrating one embodiment of a method for minimizing a production of fine material. Method 700 comprises moving an angled tapered jaw in at least one of an eccentric motion, a forward direction, and a backward direction along its length with an up and down motion in at least one of a forward direction. and backward, at 710. The method 700 also comprises defining an area for receiving frangible material between the jaw and a shell surrounding an upper portion of the jaw, at 720. The method further comprises breaking frangible material within the area, beginning at a base end of the jaw tapered until the frangible material is of a size to pass ("pass" includes being able to pass) through an opening along one side between the jaw and the cover, at 730. The method also comprises passing the frangible material down the length of the jaw by moving the jaw until the frangible material is of the size necessary to pass through the opening, at 740. Those skilled in the art will recognize that, using this method, frangible material is being transformed from larger pieces of material such as, but not limited to, concrete slabs, into smaller pieces of material that can then be recycled for use in other products. By continually passing pieces of frangible material further along the length of the jaw until they are small enough to pass through the opening, the amount of fine material produced during grinding is reduced.

Thus, in addition to producing less fine material, the embodiments disclosed above also provide for non-packaging of the frangible material during the grinding process. This is because the system 10 is nearly horizontal, so the movement of the jaw 20 is not adversely affected by gravitational forces, as the frangible material moves primarily in a back and forth direction during the process. crushing and not primarily in a vertical direction during the crushing process. Compared to prior art crushers, gravity normally prevents frangible material from moving back or to where the frangible material initially engages a jaw. Thus, the embodiments disclosed herein provide an automatic release system and method. The drive mechanism 70 causes sufficient movement of the jaw 20 and tray 50 to where any packaged material is forcibly removed.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are also intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Also, to the extent that the terms "including" "includes", "having", "has", "with", or variations thereof are used in the detailed description and/or claims, it is intended that such terms are inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising". Also, unless specifically stated, any use of the terms first, second, etc., does not indicate any order or importance, rather the terms first, second, etc., are used to distinguish one item from another.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including scientific and technical terms) used herein have the same meaning as is commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the invention pertain. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, are to be construed with a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be construed in an excessive or idealized formal sense unless so expressly stated. expressly defined herein.

Although various disclosed embodiments have been described above, it is to be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation.

Therefore, the breadth and scope of the subject matter provided herein should not be limited by any of the above explicitly described embodiments. Instead, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A system (10) comprising: a near-horizontal jaw (20) that can be moved to reduce the size of the frangible material, the near-horizontal jaw (20) is located at an angle of 6°±2° to 80°±10° with respect to the ground; a stationary shell (30) around an upper side of the nearly horizontal jaw (20), an area (35) defined between an outer surface of the nearly horizontal jaw (20) and an inner surface of the shell with an opening (40) extending from the area (35) along a nearly horizontal length of the jaw (20) and the stationary cover (30); a drive mechanism (70) for causing the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to move in a plurality of directions to vary the area (35) between the cover (30) and the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to reduce a size of the frangible material within the area (35), moving the frangible material between the near-horizontal jaw (20) and the stationary cover (30) forward along an elongated length of the near-horizontal jaw (20) and the frangible material from self-release fitted between the almost horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30); and a tray (50) located at the bottom of the elongated jaw (20), along the elongated length of the nearly horizontal jaw (20) to capture frangible material that falls from the area (35) between the nearly horizontal jaw (20). horizontal (20) and the cover (30) in which the tray (50) can be moved by the drive mechanism (70) to cause the frangible material inside the tray (50) to move from under the almost horizontal jaw (20) and cover (30) to an outlet location. 2. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the nearly horizontal jaw (20) comprises an outer surface comprising at least one smooth surface and a plurality of segments, and optionally wherein at least two of the segments of the plurality of segments are of different height. 3. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the nearly horizontal jaw (20) comprises a generally triangular shape with a rounded apex, or wherein the nearly horizontal jaw (20) comprises a tapered shape along of its length with a nearly horizontal jaw base (20) that is larger at a first end and smaller at a second end. The system (10) according to claim 1, further comprising a conveyor (80) for capturing frangible material that has been reduced in size to escape from within the area (35) between the nearly horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30) during operation of the drive mechanism (70). The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the cover (30) is adjustable to define the area (35) between the cover (30) and the nearly horizontal jaw (20). 6. The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the area between the cover (30) and the nearly horizontal jaw (20) decreases from where the frangible material is initially placed between the cover (30) and the jaw almost horizontal (20) and where the frangible material of reduced size exits from an outlet located on one side between the cover (30) and the almost horizontal jaw (20). The system (10) according to claim 1, wherein the nearly horizontal jaw (20) comprises an upper part for contacting the frangible material, a lower part, a forward end and a rear end. The system (10) according to claim 7, wherein the tray (50) is attached below the near-horizontal jaw (20) at the bottom and wherein movement of the near-horizontal jaw (20) by the drive mechanism causes movement of the tray (50). 9. A method comprising: move a nearly horizontal jaw (20) driven in a plurality of directions by a drive mechanism (70) with an upper portion of the nearly horizontal jaw (20) surrounded by a stationary cover (30) that with the nearly horizontal jaw (20 ) defines an area (35) between the near-horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30) to reduce the size of frangible material, the near-horizontal jaw (20) is located at an angle of 6°±2° at 80° ±10° relative to ground; capturing the frangible material that is reduced in size so that it falls into the area (35) between the nearly horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30) with a tray (50) located at a lower portion of the nearly horizontal jaw (20). ) and that is in motion by the operation of the drive mechanism (70); moving the frangible material along a length of the tray (50) to an exit location; and removing the frangible material, at the exit location, which is reduced in size from at least one of the area (35) between the nearly horizontal jaw (20) and the cover (30) and the tray (50) with a system of transportation (80).