BR112012028194A2 - composição, e, processo para preparação da composição - Google Patents

composição, e, processo para preparação da composição

Info

Publication number
BR112012028194A2
BR112012028194A2 BR112012028194A BR112012028194A BR112012028194A2 BR 112012028194 A2 BR112012028194 A2 BR 112012028194A2 BR 112012028194 A BR112012028194 A BR 112012028194A BR 112012028194 A BR112012028194 A BR 112012028194A BR 112012028194 A2 BR112012028194 A2 BR 112012028194A2
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
composition
preparing
hydrogel
chitosan
cross
Prior art date
Application number
BR112012028194A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andersson Mats
Original Assignee
Viscogel Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viscogel Ab filed Critical Viscogel Ab
Publication of BR112012028194A2 publication Critical patent/BR112012028194A2/pt

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/337—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/357—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having two or more oxygen atoms in the same ring, e.g. crown ethers, guanadrel
    • A61K31/36—Compounds containing methylenedioxyphenyl groups, e.g. sesamin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/56—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids
    • A61K31/58—Compounds containing cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems; Derivatives thereof, e.g. steroids containing heterocyclic rings, e.g. danazol, stanozolol, pancuronium or digitogenin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
    • A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1652—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, cellulose derivatives; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1682—Processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
    • A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
    • A61K9/5089—Processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
    • C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
    • C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
    • C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
    • C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
    • C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • C08L5/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
    • C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
    • C09K15/20—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
    • C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)

Abstract

composição, e, processo para preparação da composição. esta invenção fornece uma composição que compreende: (i) um hidrogel de quitosana compreendendo quitosana reticulada e água, e (ii) um líquido disperso no hidrogel.
BR112012028194A 2010-05-04 2011-04-15 composição, e, processo para preparação da composição BR112012028194A2 (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33105310P 2010-05-04 2010-05-04
PCT/EP2011/056064 WO2011138155A1 (en) 2010-05-04 2011-04-15 Chitosan composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR112012028194A2 true BR112012028194A2 (pt) 2017-08-08

Family

ID=44903636

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR112012028194A BR112012028194A2 (pt) 2010-05-04 2011-04-15 composição, e, processo para preparação da composição

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US9555120B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2566454B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP5968874B2 (pt)
KR (1) KR20130091663A (pt)
CN (1) CN102939076A (pt)
AU (1) AU2011250139B2 (pt)
BR (1) BR112012028194A2 (pt)
CA (1) CA2798083A1 (pt)
ES (1) ES2454776T3 (pt)
MX (1) MX2012012776A (pt)
NZ (1) NZ603479A (pt)
PL (1) PL2566454T3 (pt)
RU (1) RU2605266C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2011138155A1 (pt)
ZA (1) ZA201208275B (pt)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201316082D0 (en) 2013-09-09 2013-10-23 Viscogel Ab Chitosan composition
FR3016882A1 (fr) 2014-01-30 2015-07-31 Sofradim Production Procede de preparation de chitosane a haut degre d’acetylation
GB201416080D0 (en) * 2014-09-11 2014-10-29 Viscogel Ab Chitosan composition
US10576099B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2020-03-03 Covidien Lp Injectable scaffold for treatment of intracranial aneurysms and related technology
RU2675485C1 (ru) * 2017-11-15 2018-12-19 Анна Игоревна Зубова Получение и применение агрохимической композиции на основе полидисперсного хитозана
WO2021058651A1 (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-01 Technische Universität München Hydrogel compositions for the controlled and constant release of active agents
CN110755628B (zh) * 2019-11-13 2023-06-20 华南协同创新研究院 一种乏氧响应性壳聚糖药物载体及其制备方法与应用
CN112075547A (zh) * 2020-06-04 2020-12-15 天津农学院 一种冷成型水产育苗的饵料及其制备方法和应用
RU2759575C1 (ru) * 2021-02-24 2021-11-15 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУ") Способ профилактики язвообразования на слизистой оболочке желудка
CN114652621B (zh) * 2022-03-31 2023-11-07 宁德师范学院 一种高乙醇含量的壳聚糖氧化硅复合水凝胶

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS643116A (en) * 1987-06-25 1989-01-06 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Plaster for patch
DE3731255A1 (de) 1987-09-17 1989-04-06 Boehringer Ingelheim Int Stabilisierung von therapeutisch wirksamen proteinen in pharmazeutischen zubereitungen
IL100096A (en) 1991-11-20 1996-03-31 Univ Ramot Method for entrapment of active materials in chitosan
JP2857741B2 (ja) * 1995-08-31 1999-02-17 佐賀大学長 コーティングされた薬剤内包架橋キトサン組成物、その製造方法および薬剤徐放制御システムとしての用途
US5718886A (en) * 1996-03-11 1998-02-17 Laclede Professional Products, Inc. Stabilized anhydrous tooth whitening gel
US5770712A (en) 1997-03-14 1998-06-23 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Crosslinked hydrogel beads from chitosan
NO20015986D0 (no) 2001-08-02 2001-12-06 Einar J Mustaparta Produktet chitosan, samt fremstillingsmetode og anvendelse av chitosan
RU2223279C2 (ru) * 2001-10-09 2004-02-10 Майер Борис Олегович Способ получения модифицированной хитозановой эмульсии и продуктов на ее основе
WO2003090765A1 (fr) * 2002-04-23 2003-11-06 Netech Inc. Compositions medicinales contenant un derive de chitosan photo-reticulable
RU2269542C1 (ru) * 2004-12-27 2006-02-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Международный институт эколого-технологических проблем" Модифицированный хитозан
US20070248675A1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2007-10-25 Gwangju Institute Of Science And Technology Composite comprising polysaccharide-functionalized nanoparticle and hydrogel matrix, a drug delivery system and a bone defect replacement matrix for sustained release comprising the same, and the preparation method thereof
US20100203163A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2010-08-12 Christine Allen Injectable polymer-lipid blend for localized drug delivery
EP2195039B1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2016-11-30 Otago Innovation Limited Surgical hydrogel
RU2482133C2 (ru) * 2007-10-30 2013-05-20 Вискогель АБ Хитозановая композиция

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013525461A (ja) 2013-06-20
AU2011250139A1 (en) 2012-12-13
PL2566454T3 (pl) 2014-05-30
WO2011138155A1 (en) 2011-11-10
JP5968874B2 (ja) 2016-08-10
US20130184356A1 (en) 2013-07-18
CA2798083A1 (en) 2011-11-10
ES2454776T3 (es) 2014-04-11
CN102939076A (zh) 2013-02-20
RU2605266C2 (ru) 2016-12-20
RU2012148780A (ru) 2014-06-10
KR20130091663A (ko) 2013-08-19
EP2566454A1 (en) 2013-03-13
AU2011250139B2 (en) 2015-12-10
NZ603479A (en) 2014-07-25
EP2566454B1 (en) 2014-03-05
US9555120B2 (en) 2017-01-31
ZA201208275B (en) 2014-01-29
MX2012012776A (es) 2013-04-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
BR112012028194A2 (pt) composição, e, processo para preparação da composição
BR112013031551A2 (pt) aparelhos de lâmpada de descarga de ultravioleta com um ou mais refletores e sistemas os quais determinam os parâmetros de operação e as programações de desinfecção para dispositivos germicidas.
CR20150021A (es) Método para convertir insectos o gusanos en flujos de nutrientes y composiciones obtenidas de esta manera
TWI800546B (zh) 有機分子，特別是其在光電設備中的用途
CO6450665A2 (es) Anticuerpos anti-fgfr3 y métodos que los utilizan
WO2013173789A3 (en) Antisense oligonucleotide compositions
EP3578573A4 (en) HYDROGEL USING AS A SUBSTRATE A HYALURONIC ACID DERIVATIVE MODIFIED BY A GALLOL GROUP, AND ASSOCIATED USE
BRPI0716210A2 (pt) Métodos, composições e aparelhos para tratar feridas com pressões diferentes da atmosférica
BR112015006996A2 (pt) método para reduzir a quantidade de enxofre em uma composição que compreende enxofre, e, composição.
CR20120202A (es) Métodos y composiciones para tratar cáncer
BR112014028755A2 (pt) composição de argamassa de poliuretano, processo para preparação da composição de argamassa de poliuretano, e, uso de uma composição de argamassa de poliuretano.
EA201591474A1 (ru) Модуляторы метил-модифицирующих ферментов, композиции и их применение
BRPI0811993A2 (pt) " hetarilanilinas como moduladores para beta-amiloide ".
BRPI1010908A2 (pt) métodos para tratamento de distúrbios metabólicos usando transferidores epimetabólicos, moléculas intracelulares multdimensionais ou influenciadores ambientais.
ECSP10010007A (es) Tratamiento con ligandos alpha-7-selectivos
BR112015030339A8 (pt) método para tratamento de uma formação subterrânea
BR112015006119A2 (pt) métodos de triagem para micro-organismos que transmitem propriedades benéficas para plantas
BRPI0922742A2 (pt) adesivo ou selante, processo para preparar um adesivo ou selante, e, uso do adesivo ou selante.
BRPI1010617A2 (pt) uso de uma composição, composição, uso não médico da composição, e, método para preprar uma composição.
IL212559A0 (en) Oxidatitive photoactivated skin rejuvenation composition comprising hyaluronic acid, glucosamine. or allatoin
BR112013018352A2 (pt) composição de minociclina tópica e método
CL2014003429A1 (es) Compuestos especificos derivados de indanosulfamida; composicion farmaceutica que los comprende, utiles en el tratamiento e la epilepsia.
UY34210A (es) Composiciones, métodos y sistemas para la micropropagación de plantas
BR112014002170A2 (pt) composições de limpeza antimicrobiana
BRPI0908833A2 (pt) Composição polimérica elastomérica biodegradável, processo para preparar uma composição polimérica, e, uso da composição polimérica.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B07D Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]
B08F Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]
B08K Patent lapsed as no evidence of payment of the annual fee has been furnished to inpi [chapter 8.11 patent gazette]