BR102016026555A2 - CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM FROM INCHED BLOCKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system of construction from plug-in blocks which enables industrial grade construction with high precision, efficiency, quality and meeting the required sustainability requirement. To this end, the present invention comprises structural elements in specifically designed shapes from eight preferred options to allow for perfect fit and alignment of rows. Additionally, connectors specially developed for said structural elements, in addition to an alignment tool, are provided. By using the system disclosed by the present invention, the need for laying mortar is eliminated, reducing the volume of coating materials and allowing to embed mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes, improving quality and reducing waste on site. .

Description

(54) Title: SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION FROM FITTED BLOCKS (51) Int. Cl .: E04B 2/20 (52) CPC: E04B 2/20 (73) Owner (s): GEOAGRO CONSULTORIA PROJETOS E SERVIÇOS LTDA (72 ) Inventor (s): ALEXANDRE ORLANDI PASSOS; GIORGIO FRANCESCO CESARE DE TOMI; RICARDO TICHAUER; VITOR RAMIREZ COLOMBO; LUNA DE TOMI (74) Attorney (s): FLÁVIA SALIM LOPES (57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for construction from interlocking blocks that allows for industrial-grade constructions, with high precision, efficiency, quality and meeting the requested sustainability requirement. To this end, the present invention comprises structural elements in formats specifically designed among eight preferred options, in order to allow the perfect fit and alignment of rows. Additionally, connectors specially developed for said structural elements, as well as an alignment tool, are provided. By using the system revealed by the present invention, the need for laying mortar is eliminated, reducing the volume of coating materials and allowing the mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes to be embedded, with quality improvement and waste reduction in the work .

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SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION FROM FITTED BLOCKS

Field of the invention:

[001] The present invention is inserted in the field of building elements in the form of blocks for buildings, especially in the field of construction systems that use blocks and connectors, dispensing laying mortar and reducing the consumption of coating mortar; in this way, it reduces the consumption of cement in the works and, consequently, contributes to a reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases.

State of the art:

[002] The present invention is part of a concept of improving the construction method with soluble bricks that is presented in Figures 13 and 14. This system allows the bricks to fit together, eliminating the need for laying mortar, reducing the volume of coating materials and allowing to embed the mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes, with quality improvement and waste reduction in the work.

[003] Solocimento is a low cost alternative material, obtained by mixing soil, water and a little cement. The compacted mass hardens over time, and in just a few days it gains sufficient consistency and durability for various applications in civil construction, ranging from walls and floors to retaining walls.

[004] However, the potential of the construction method with bonding bricks has not yet been fully realized due mainly to the following factors:

- the supply of raw materials is not reliable;

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- the production process approach is artisanal and of low quality;

- there is a lack of knowledge about the construction process.

[005] The industrial production of blocks with male and female grooves, with high precision, is extremely complex due to the need for molding on the upper and lower faces, which makes the extraction and stacking of the blocks during the production process very difficult. To overcome these difficulties, this type of production has been carried out by hand.

[006] This invention aims to allow the production of industrial form of blocks that can be fitted with high precision, for this purpose new block designs and specific connectors were developed for each type of block.

[007] In this sense, the present invention presents itself as a solution to the negative points of the state of the art briefly illustrated in figures 13 and 14. The present system allows the bricks to fit in without the need for laying mortar, reducing the volume of materials for coating and allowing to embed the mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes, with quality improvement and waste reduction in the work.

Advantages of the Invention [008] Thus, in view of the deficiencies of the state of the art, the present invention enhances the competitive advantages of the construction method with embedded blocks and reduces the deficiencies present in the use of traditional bricks for the following

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3/13 reasons:

- industrialized and automated production, with high quality and productivity;

- the blocks revealed here, associated with the industrial production process and of high precision, allow a more efficient and sustainable construction.

[009] The present invention provides that the blocks can be produced in various ways and using different raw materials, such as mixtures. The dimensions of the blocks may vary depending on the characteristics of the production process and the demands of the civil construction market; however, the relationship between length and width must be adequate to allow the perfect fit in an aligned or perpendicular way.

State of the art:

[010] US4,986,042 describes a brick system comprising connectors that do not require cement or mortar, in which said system comprises two basic types of bricks, the main brick being slightly angled at 30 ° and the brick.

[011] US4,914,876A describes a retaining wall comprising wall blocks positioned side by side, in which the blocks have central vertical holes and pins. The pins are small rigid rods, made of metal or reinforced plastic, that connect the upper block layer with the lower block layer.

[012] US2002 / 0023403A1 describes masonry wall blocks of trapezoidal shape, with two spaced projections and a central channel, particularly suitable for landscaping applications. O

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4/13 central channel makes the product lighter, facilitating its use during production, transport and construction. Also, the product is also cheaper, as there is less use of material.

[013] In a special way, the documents US4,986,042, US4,914,876A and US2002 / 0023403A1 listed above refer to blocks for the construction of retaining walls and cannot be applied to the construction of buildings, in addition to the locking systems are totally different from the present invention.

[014] WO2016 / 003267 describes a building element which comprises a central channel that extends vertically from the upper surface to the lower surface. The element also comprises two rows of protrusions on its upper surface, which engage in two rows of recesses on its lower surface.

[015] In document GB2.472.068A, reference is made to an expanded polystyrene block or other similar material, in which it preferably comprises 5 channels, which are filled with concrete. The block also comprises protuberances, arranged quadrangularly on the upper face of the block, which engage the indentations formed on the lower face of another block.

[016] DE19903287A1 refers to nanocomposite blocks, such as bentonite, which can be stacked on top of each other without using mortar. The side of the bricks still comprises fittings.

[017] In these documents WO2016 / 003267, GB2.472.068A and

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DE19903287A1, although the design of construction with embedded blocks is used, the construction forms are different and could hardly be produced with the presses used in the present invention. In addition, the systems used in these documents are totally different from the connectors provided for in the present invention.

Brief description of the invention:

[018] The present invention relates to a system for construction from interlocking blocks that allows industrial level constructions, with high precision, efficiency, quality and meeting the requested sustainability requirement. To this end, the present invention comprises structural elements in formats specifically designed among eight preferred options, in order to allow the perfect fit and alignment of rows. Additionally, connectors specially developed for said structural elements, as well as an alignment tool, are provided.

[019] By using the system revealed by the present invention, the need for laying mortar is eliminated, reducing the volume of coating materials and allowing the mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes to be embedded, with quality improvement and reduction of waste in the work.

[020] The system revealed by the present invention can, still in a possible modality, be used for the production of precast panels, eliminating the use of forms and facilitating the mooring with the hardware, which must be defined in the structural project according with each application.

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Brief description of the figures:

[021] In order to obtain a total and complete visualization of the object of this invention, the figures to which reference is made are presented, as follows.

[022] THE figure 1 and an graphic representation "block with hole conical (1. 1)" of the system of the present invention. [023] THE figure 2 is an graphic representation "block channel with hole conical (1.2) ”of the gift invention. [024] THE figure 3 is an graphic representation "block channel with hole passing (1.3) ”of the gift invention. [025] THE figure 4 is an graphic representation "block with hole passing (1.4) " of system of the present invention. [026] THE figure 5 is an graphic representation the middle one

conical hole block (1.5) ”of the system of the present invention.

[027] The figure 6 is an representation graphic of "Kinda channel block with hole conical (1.6) " of the system gift invention. [028] The figure 7 is an representation graphic of "Kinda channel block with hole passing (1.7) ”Of the gift invention. [029] The figure 8 is an representation graphic of "Kinda

through hole block (1.8) ”of the system of the present invention.

[030] Figure 9 is a graphical representation of the complete views of the “connector for smaller holes (2)” of the system of the present invention.

[031] Figures 10a and 10b are a representation

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7/13 graphic of the “connector for larger holes (3)” of the system of the present invention.

[032] Figure 11 is a graphic representation of the “connector for tapered holes (4)”.

[033] Figures 12a and 12b are top and bottom graphical representations, respectively, of the "alignment tool (4)" of the system of the present invention.

[034] Figures 13a to 13d and 14a to 14d are illustrative photographs of the construction process using embedded bonding bricks, representing the state of the art of the present invention.

[035] Figures 15a and 15b are a graphical representation of the “precast panel with embedded blocks (6)” of the system of the present invention, in which it is possible to visualize its formation through the pieces of conical or through holes (1.1) to ( 1.8) disclosed herein.

Detailed description of the invention:

[036] The present invention relates to a system for construction from interlocking blocks, which makes it possible to build on an industrial level, with high precision, efficiency, quality and meeting the requested sustainability requirement.

[037] For this purpose, the present invention comprises:

block with conical hole (1.1);

channel block with conical hole (1.2);

channel block with through hole (1.3);

block with through hole (1.4);

half block with conical hole (1.5);

half channel block with conical hole (1.6);

half channel block with through hole (1.7);

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8/13 The modality preferably includes the elements ¹ half block with through hole (1.8);

¹ connector for smaller through holes (2);

¹ connector for larger through holes (3);

¹ conical hole connector (4), ¹ alignment tool (5), and ¹ precast panel with embedded blocks (6).

[038] Initially, it is important to mention that the system revealed here, with tapered holes above

Parts with through holes must also be included in the scope of protection claimed here, however, they must optionally be used as an alternative to parts with a tapered hole, as they have a less easy production process. Therefore, still in this sense, it is worth noting that if opting for the use of parts with tapered holes, they must be used from the beginning to the end of the construction, just as if opting for the parts with through holes, their use must be maintained from the beginning to the end. end of construction.

[039] Another possible modality for applying the system of the present invention, is the precast panel with embedded blocks (6). The system revealed by the present invention can within its same scope be used in this form of precast panels (6), eliminating the use of forms and facilitating the fastening of the hardware, which must be defined in the structural design according to each application. An example of this type of panel is shown in figure 15.

[040] By using the system revealed by the present invention, the need for

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9/13 settlement, reducing the volume of materials for coating and allowing the mooring structures, electrical ducts and water pipes to be embedded, with quality improvement and waste reduction in the work.

[041] The elements mentioned above have dimensions that may vary depending on the characteristics of the production process and the demands of the civil construction market. However, the relationship between the length and width of these parts, in the construction process, must be adequate to allow the perfect fit in an aligned way or in the perpendicular position. Initially the blocks will be produced with the following dimensions: 250mm long by 125mm wide and 150mm high for the entire block, while the half block will have a length equal to the width of 125mm. The given dimensions have the purpose of exemplifying a preferred modality of the present invention, being considerable to any technician in the subject, modifications in attention to special projects, without them altering the scope of protection claimed here.

[042] Additionally, the present invention is flexible in the sense that it allows its elements to be produced in different ways and with the use of different raw materials, such as mixtures of: quartz sand with quicklime; or clay, sand and cement; or waste, pozzolana and cement; or concrete; or ceramic clay, among others.

[043] The eight different formats, as shown in Figures 1 to 8, are presented, in the preferred mode of the system shown here, for perfect adaptation of the fit in the industrial production process, which

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10/13 generates high precision and allows for a more efficient and sustainable construction.

[044] Connectors for smaller holes (2), connectors for larger holes (3) and connectors for conical holes (4) are preferably made of recyclable plastic material or other materials that suit the proposed application, such as: ceramic, wood powder and resin, among others. Its function is to ensure the proper alignment of the walls and to contribute to the blocking of the blocks, half-blocks and channel-blocks (1 to 8) detailed in the present system, making it possible to eliminate the need for using mortar and reducing the amount of materials applied to the coating.

[045] The preferred shapes of said connectors, that is, connector for smaller through holes (2), connector for larger through holes (3) and connector for conical holes (4), are shown in figures 9, 10 and 11, respectively .

[046] Initially, in preferential mode, the connectors for smaller through holes (2), see figure 9, have the following dimensions: 15.0mm high, larger diameter of 7.5mm and smaller diameter of 5.0mm. The connectors for tapered holes (4), see figure 11, are 12.5 mm high and have a maximum diameter of the cone trunk and the half cylinder trunk of 10.0 mm. The connectors for larger through holes (3), see figures 10a and 10b, have a 10.0mm perpendicular section and displaced by 5.0mm from the center of the largest to the smallest, where the radius of the connector depends on the diameter of the large holes where these will be docked.

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11/13 [047] Regarding the connectors for larger through-holes (3), see figures 10a and 10b, it should be noted that its use is optional and intended to adjust the large diameter holes in the through-hole blocks and half-blocks.

[048] It should also be noted that in the case of using the precast panel with embedded blocks (6), the same panel is built using different shapes of the conical or through hole pieces (1.1) to (1.8) mentioned above, being transported to the place where they will be already placed in the assembled position.

[049] To ensure alignment in the first spinneret's seat, such that it allows the other spinners to fit perfectly, the present invention uses the alignment tool (5), as shown in figures 12a and 12b.

[050] For the construction procedure, the pieces of the first die, selected from the shapes of the channel pieces presented above, are seated on a base with guides that guarantee the perfect support of the structure to be built, with the dimensions that allow the framing of multiple integers of the blocks and with precise horizontal and vertical alignment.

[051] The parts must be positioned with the largest diameter of the holes, or with the grooves, downwards. The vertical alignment of the walls depends almost exclusively on the quality of the alignment of the first row of blocks.

[052] It should be noted that the channel parts are also used in the horizontal closing of doors and windows

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12/13 and the upper beams. They can also be used for lateral distribution of electrical and hydraulic ducts.

[053] The second spinneret is seated on the first. Initially, two connectors must be fitted, selected from those for smaller through holes (2) and for conical holes (4) based on the chosen system (through or conical), diagonally in the extreme holes of each block of the first die. Subsequently, the blocks of the second die must be fitted, with the smallest diameter of the through holes or the tapered holes upwards, with the ends of the lower blocks being in the middle of the upper blocks.

[054] The process mentioned above will be repeated for the laying of the other dies.

[055] The columns, beams and structural reinforcements must be dimensioned in the structural design of the work, and must be built with hardware and grout placed in the largest holes of the parts (1.1) to (1.8) in the construction process, locking the blocks in large panels.

[056] The positions of the water, energy and communication pipelines must be defined in specific projects and marked on the work.

[057] The beams and columns must be built using grout, filling the largest holes in the parts (1.1) to (1.8) for the columns. The hardware of the pillars must be anchored to the base and will be raised as usual in the state-of-the-art cement bricks, as shown in figures 13 and 14. The beams must have the hardware positioned in the channel blocks with a conical hole (1.2) or channel block with through hole

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13/13 (1.3) or half channel block with conical hole (1.6) or half channel block with through hole (1.7), taking care to seal the holes in which the grout should not descend and keeping the passages for the water, energy and communication.

[058] The installation of water, energy and communication ducts can be carried out during the construction of the wall or after its completion, however in the latter case, it is essential to keep the holes free to allow the passage. In case it is necessary to pass ducts with an external diameter greater than 60.0 mm, it will be necessary to build a specific chaft for this purpose and should be provided for in the project of the work.

[059] The interlocking of independent walls must be carried out as specified in the structural design and similar to that carried out with the bonding blocks, as indicated in Figure 14.

[060] The production of precast panels with embedded blocks (6) must follow the standards described above, taking care in the design of the beams and columns to ensure, in addition to the structural strength desired of the application in construction, the stability of the panel for transport and application.

[061] Those skilled in the art will value the knowledge presented here and will be able to reproduce the invention in the modalities presented and in other variants, covered by the scope of the attached claims.

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Claims (14)

1. System for construction from embedded blocks, characterized by the fact that it comprises pieces with a conical hole: - block with tapered bore (1.1), - channel block with conical hole (1.2), - half block with tapered bore (1.5), - half channel block with conical hole (1.6) - connector for tapered holes (4); used in the construction of precise buildings at the industrial and residential level, eliminating the use of mortar for laying, its construction process being performed with the aid of an alignment tool (5). 2. System, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises, alternatively, through hole pieces: - channel block with through hole (1.3), - block with through hole (1.4), - half channel block with through hole (1.7), - half block with through hole (1.8), - connector for smaller through holes (2), - connector for larger through holes (3); 3. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the dimensions of the tapered bore pieces and the through bore pieces vary depending on the characteristics of the production process and the demands of the civil construction market. 4. System, according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the relationships between the length Petition 870160067060, of 11/11/2016, p. 21/34 2/3 and the width of the tapered bore pieces and the through bore pieces are adequate to allow the perfect fit in an aligned way or in the perpendicular position. 5. System, according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the conical hole pieces and the through hole pieces are produced from a group of mixtures that preferably comprise quartz sand with quicklime; or clay, sand and cement; or waste, pozzolana and cement; or concrete; or ceramic clay. 6. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the connectors for smaller holes (2), the connectors for larger holes (3) and the connectors for conical holes (4) are preferably made of material recyclable plastic or ceramic, wood powder or resin. 7. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the connectors for larger through holes (3) are optional for use in the large diameter holes of blocks and half blocks. 8. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the conical hole channel parts and the through hole channel parts are arranged with the first die on a guided base, of support, framing and alignment, with the largest diameter of the holes of the parts and their channels facing downwards, in fitting to the base. 9. System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that two connectors, selected from those for smaller through holes (2) or those for conical holes (4), are diagonally fitted in the holes Petition 870160067060, of 11/11/2016, p. 22/34 3/3 ends of each piece of the first die, when forming the second die onwards. 10. System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the second die and the other die are constructed with the smallest diameter of through-hole pieces or pieces of conical hole facing upwards, with the ends of the lower blocks being arranged in the middle of the top blocks. 11. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the tapered bore pieces and the through bore pieces receive hardware and grout in their larger diameter holes in blocking blocks in the form of large panels. 12. System, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the conical hole channel parts and the through hole channel parts are used in contours such as those of windows and upper beams. 13. System, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it optionally has precast panels with embedded blocks (6) in which its attachment with the hardware is in accordance with the definition of the structural design. 14. System, according to claim 1, 2 or 13, characterized by the fact that the precast panel with embedded blocks (6), is elaborated using different formats of conical or through bore pieces (1.1) to (1.8) , being transported to the place where they will already be arranged in the assembled position. Petition 870160067060, of 11/11/2016, p. 23/34 1/10