BG110733A - THERMAL INSULATING THERMAL INSULATION AND METHOD FOR ITS BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

The façade three-layer thermal insulation is used in the construction of buildings with very high energy efficiency and passive buildings. The structure according to the invention is formed of a basic polyurethane foam layer, heat insulating panels and formed between the base layer and the airtight sealed air layer panels (9). In turn, the base layer consists of a support structure (5) mounted on the façade surface (1) of the building, fastened to the façade by means of spacer pads (2) and nail dowels (3), and up to the level defined by the metal profiles (5) is an injection molded rigid polyurethane foam (4). The heat insulating panels consist of cladding elements (11), a frame of light metal profiles (10) placed on their back side and a layer of rigid polyurethane foam (4) which connects the individual parts of the panel in one unit. The third air layer (9) of the heat insulation is formed during the assembly of the panels to the base layer by means of fastening screws (6) using polyurethane foam (8) and sealing material (12) necessary for hermetically closing the air layer (9) .

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to three-layer facade thermal insulation and a method for its construction and will find application in the field of thermal insulation construction and facade cladding of new and refurbished buildings, in particular low-energy and passive buildings.

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are various ways of thermal insulation and lining of newly constructed or renovated facades. Some of them are:

- the traditional method of mounting thermal insulation boards of mineral wool, polyester polystyrene, etc. on the facade, putty and masonry, application of facade plaster or cladding elements of ceramics, stone, and other materials;

- thermal insulation with polyurethane foam sprayed on the spot, smoothing, putty and laying of mesh, application of facade plaster or facade lining;

- thermal insulation of suspended facades formed by thermal insulation panels and suspended facade cladding of ceramic or other cladding panels;

- installation of facade thermal insulation panels with facade cladding.

The disadvantages of the known solutions are:

- long duration and labor absorption of the process of thermal insulation and facade cladding;

- limited possibilities for increasing the thickness of insulation materials without the presence of thermal bridges;

- not suitable for the construction of low energy and passive buildings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aim of the invention is to create a three-layer facade thermal insulation combining the positive thermal insulation and technological properties of the foamed polyurethane sprayed on the facade and the facade thermal insulation panels with mounted facade lining. The aim is also to achieve the maximum degree of thermal insulation of the building with a minimum thickness of insulation and to meet the increasing requirements for energy efficiency of buildings.

These goals are achieved by the facade three-layer thermal insulation according to the invention, characterized by the presence of three thermal insulation layers. The first layer of thermal insulation is accomplished by seamless injection of in-situ foam polyurethane thermal insulation directly on the surface of the facade to a level previously determined by means of metal profiles mounted on the facade. This thermal insulation foam layer represents over 70% of the thermal insulation and provides reliable thermal and waterproofing of the facade. The metal profiles defining the facade surface are fitted with thermal insulation panels, prefabricated in workshop conditions, which represent the second layer of thermal insulation. They consist of thermal insulation of polyurethane foam, frame construction and cladding materials such as ceramic tiles, stone, granite and more. Also provided is a type of thermal insulation panels, in which they consist of a thermal insulation panel and a frame structure mounted thereto. The heat-insulating board can be made of polyurethane foam, polyester, polystyrene, solid mineral wool and more. The frame construction of thermal insulation panels has been installed. to the metal profiles of the basic polyurethane foam layer by means of mounting screws, thus achieving structural strength of thermal insulation. During the installation of the thermal insulation panels to the basic polyurethane foam layer, a thin air layer is formed, representing the third layer of thermal insulation. The air layer is hermetically sealed with polyurethane foam and the sealing materials used in the installation. A joint grout is applied to the joints formed by the lining elements.

To achieve the object of the invention, a method for constructing a three-layer facade thermal insulation has been devised, in which one part of the production process is carried out in workshop conditions and the other in place. The basic polyurethane foam layer is constructed by first mounting to the facade with fasteners the supporting metal profiles separated from it by spacer pads, which fulfill the function of a thermal threshold. Seamlessly foamed polyurethane is injected to the level determined by the metal profiles, which forms the thermal insulation layer and at the same time reinforces the supporting structure of metal profiles to the facade. The construction of thermal insulation panels is carried out in workshop conditions by placing the facing elements in a horizontal position with the face down, ensuring the desired flatness and architectural shape of the facade. A prefabricated lightweight frame structure is placed on the back of the lining elements. Solid polyurethane foam is sprayed, which forms the insulation layer and connects the individual parts of the lining and the frame structure in one piece. The frame construction of the finished thermal insulation panels is mounted with mounting screws to the metal profiles of the basic polyurethane foam layer. The thin air layer, which is formed during the installation of the panels, is sealed by means of mounting polyurethane foam and sealing materials. A joint grout is applied between joints formed by the cladding elements.

The advantages of the three-layer facade thermal insulation and the method of its construction according to the invention are as follows;

- the possibility of achieving exceptional thermal insulation U <0.15 [W / m ² K] with a minimum thickness of the thermal insulation layer <15 [cm] without thermal bridges, which helps to achieve the standards of low-energy and passive buildings in new and renovated buildings facades,

- significantly accelerates the process of construction and construction of the facade of the building as a result of removal of one part of the thermal insulation and the entire lining of the facade in shop conditions, as well as the direct application of the insulation on the spot without the need for preliminary treatment of the surfaces of the facade and the surface the applied polyurethane insulation,

- the workload and time to complete the whole process is minimized,

- high quality of the lining is ensured as it is carried out in workshop conditions,

- the formed airtight air layer increases the thermal insulation efficiency of the facade insulation without additional cost,

- reduction of investment costs as well as primary energy, details production, transport and on-site installation by> 30%, for

- the possibility of achieving the standard of a passive building with minimal architectural alteration of the facade.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES Attached

FIG. 1. is a top view of the thermal insulation and cladding.

FIG. Fig. 2 is a section along AA, the cross-section of FIG. 1. FIG. 3. is a front view of the supporting structure without the facade panel.

EXAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

One preferred embodiment of the three-layer facade thermal insulation according to the invention is shown in FIG. 1 to 3. It consists of a basic polyurethane foam layer, a thermal insulation panel and an air layer 9 formed upon the connection of the basic layer and the thermal insulation panel. The base layer is mounted on the facade surface 1 of the building and consists of a supporting structure of metal profiles 5 secured to the facade surface 1 of the building by means of spacers 2 and dowel nails 3, and to the level determined by the metal profiles 5 is foamed seamlessly 4. The thermal insulation panel consists of cladding elements 11, such as ceramic tiles, stone or granite, with a lightweight metal frame frame 10 on their rear and a syringe molded to the level defined by them. j 4 consisting of polyurethane foam, which connects the individual parts of the panel together. The light profiles 7 located at the rear of the frame structure of the thermal insulation panel are fixed to the supporting structure of metal profiles 5 of the basic polyurethane layer by means of fixing screws 6. When connecting the panels to the base layer, polyurethane 8 is mounted between the individual layers. panels sealing material 12, thus the air layer 9 is sealed. A joint grout 13 is applied to the joints formed by the lining materials.

The method according to the invention for the construction of the facade three-layer thermal insulation is realized, with the basic polyurethane foam layer being built in place on the facade surface 1 of the building, and independently in the workshop conditions the thermal insulation panels are constructed. The basic polyurethane foam layer is formed by mounting a supporting structure of metal profiles 5 on the facade surface 1 of the building, which are secured to the facade surface 1 by means of spacers 2 and dowel nails 3, and to the level determined by the metal profiles 5, without being sprayed foam polyurethane 4. The construction of the thermal insulation panels is carried out by placing the lining elements 11 in a horizontal manner for the purpose of the matrices. They are placed in a horizontal • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ··· ··· ·· ·· · * ··· position with the front and downwards, which guarantees the desired flatness and architectural shape of the facade. On the back side of the lining elements 13 is placed a prefabricated frame structure of light profiles 10 and 7. A solid polyurethane foam is sprayed, which forms the thermal insulation layer and connects the individual parts of the lining and the frame structure in one. The light profiles 7 of the finished thermal insulation panels are secured to the metal profiles 5 of the basic polyurethane foam by means of fixing screws 6. The airtight closed air layer 9 is formed by mounting the interfaced polyurethane foam 8 during the installation of the thermal insulation panels to the basic polyurethane foam layer. material 12. The construction of the three-layer thermal insulation ends with the application of a grout 13 in the joints formed by the lining elements 11.

Claims (4)

Patent Claims 1. Facade three-layer thermal insulation, characterized in that it consists of a basic polyurethane foam layer, thermal insulation panels and an air layer (9) formed between each of the thermal insulation panels and the basic polyurethane foam layer, the latter being constructed from mounted to the facade 1 ) of the building metal profiles (5) secured to it by dowel nails (3) and spaced apart by spacer pads (2), with solid polyurethane foam (1) injected to the surface defined by the metal profiles (5). 4) and thermal insulation the mounting panels are secured to the metal profiles (5) of the basic polyurethane foam layer by means of mounting screws (b), whereby an air layer (9) is formed beneath each thermal insulation panel, which is sealed by mounting polyurethane foam (8) and a sealing material (12). ). 2. Three-layer thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation panel is made up of lining elements (I), with a lightweight metal profile frame (Yu) being mounted on their rear and up to the level defined by them. injection molded solid polyurethane foam (4), which connects the individual parts of the panel in one piece, and a joint grout (13) is applied to the joints formed by the lining elements. 3. Facade three-layer thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation panel is made up of a thermal insulation panel and a frame structure (S) mounted thereon. 4. A method for constructing a facade three-layer thermal insulation, characterized in that the basic polyurethane foam layer is constructed by mounting a supporting structure of metal profiles (5) on the facade surface (1), which are secured to the facade surface (1 ) by means of spacers (2) and dowel nails (3), after which the solid polyurethane foam (4) is injected to the level determined by the metal profiles (5), and the thermal insulation panels are produced in workshop conditions, such as provided for this purpose. the facing is put lenses (I) in horizontal position with the face down, with a prefabricated frame structure made of light profiles (IU) and (7) on their reverse side, and a rigid polyurethane foam which connects the individual parts of the thermal insulation panel together , then the light profiles (7) of the finished panels are secured to the metal profiles (5) of the basic polyurethane foam layer by means of fixing screws (b), forming a third air layer (9) of the thermal insulation, which is closed hermetically by means of a polyurethane foam n (8) and sealant (12), and joints formed of the lining elements (11) are filled with grout (13).