BG66400B1 - Facade three-layer thermal insulation and method for its construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The facade three-layer thermal insulation is used in the construction of buildings with a very high degree of energy efficiency and of passive buildings. The structure according to the invention is formed by a basic foamed polyurethane layer, heat insulation panels and is formed between the basic layer and the panels, as a hermetically sealed air layer (9). For its part, the basic layer consists of a bearing structure of metal profiles (5) mounted on the facade surface (1) of the building, fixed to the facade by means of spacing pads (2) and dowel pins (3) and up to the level determined by the metal profiles (5), rigid polyurethane (4) is injected. The thermal insulation panels consist of cladding elements (11), frame construction of light metal profiles (10) fixed at their rear side, anda layer of rigid foamed polyurethane (4) connecting the individual parts of the panel as an integer. The third air layer (9) of the thermal insulation is formed during installation of the panels to the basic layer by means of fixing screws (6), whereby installation foamed polyurethane (8) is used and a sealant (12) needed for hermetic closure of the air layer (9).

Description

The invention relates to three-layer facade thermal insulation and will find application in the field of construction for thermal insulation and facade cladding of new buildings and renovation of existing buildings, in particular low-energy and passive buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are various solutions for thermal insulation and cladding of new or refurbished facades. Some of them are:

- thermal insulation of mounted mineral wool, polystyrene or other thermal insulation panels on the facade, on which are put putty, mesh and facade plaster;

- thermal insulation of suspended facades formed by thermal insulation panels and suspended facade lining.

Known facade thermal insulation disclosed in patent document DE 3923941 A1, published on January 31, 1991. A construction of metal profiles is attached to the facade, fixed to it by dowel nails and spaced apart by pads. The insulation layer is also applied to the facade. On the outer surface of the structure by means of fasteners or gluing are mounted lining panels, pre-prepared for plastering. A ventilated air layer is formed between the thermal insulation layer and the facing panels. The purpose of the known solution is to eliminate the production of cracking of the facade plaster, while at the same time achieving thermal insulation of the building.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a three-layer facade insulation with enhanced thermal insulation properties and high quality of the exterior cladding layer, combining the positive thermal insulation properties of a rigid foamed polyurethane molded layer with facade thermal insulation panels manufactured in the factory.

These objectives are achieved by the facade three-layer thermal insulation according to the invention, characterized by the presence of sodium thermal insulation layers. The first layer of thermal insulation is accomplished by direct injection of foam polyurethane layer directly onto the facade surface to a level lower than that of pre-mounted metal profiles defining the facade plane for the cladding irrespective of the irregularities of the substrate. The thermal insulation foam polyurethane layer represents over 70% of the thermal insulation and provides reliable thermal and waterproofing, gas-tightness of the facade, as well as the casting of metal profiles. Thermal insulation panels, prefabricated in workshop conditions, are installed on the metal profiles defining the facade plane, which represent the second insulation layer. They consist of frame construction, thermal insulation of polyurethane foam and cladding materials, such as ceramic tiles, stone, granite and more. The mounting of the thermal insulation panels to the metal profiles embedded in the basic polyurethane foam layer is carried out by means of mounting screws passing through the frame structure of the panel. During the installation of each thermal insulation panel, a thin air layer is formed to the main thermal insulation layer, representing the third layer of thermal insulation. The air layer is hermetically sealed with polyurethane foam and the sealing materials applied during the installation of the thermal insulation panels. The joints formed by the lining thermal insulation panels are grouted.

The advantages of the front three-layer thermal insulation according to the invention are as follows:

- the possibility of achieving efficient thermal insulation with a minimum thickness of the thermal insulation layer without thermal bridges;

- rationalization of the process of thermal insulation of the facade as a result of the removal of one part of the thermal insulation and the entire lining of the facade in workshop conditions, as well as the direct application of the insulation in place without the need for preliminary treatment of the surfaces of the facade and the surface of the application

66400 Bl polyurethane insulation;

- minimizing the labor absorption and time to complete the whole process;

- high quality of the lining is ensured as it is carried out in workshop conditions;

- the formed hermetically sealed air layer increases the thermal insulation efficiency of the facade insulation;

- the possibility of achieving the standard of a passive building, with minimal architectural alteration of the facade.

Explanation of the annexed figures

Figure 1 is a front view of the facade thermal insulation and the cladding.

Figure 2 is a sectional view along AA, the cross-section of Fig. 1.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, B, vertical section of FIG. 1.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention

One preferred embodiment of the three-layer facade thermal insulation according to the invention is shown in FIG. from 1 to 3. It consists of a basic thermal insulation layer, thermal insulation panels and an air layer 9 formed during the mounting of each thermal insulation panel to the basic layer. The main thermal insulation layer includes a supporting structure of metal supports 5, fixed to the facade surface of the building 1 by way of spacers 2 and dowel nails 3, with vertical profiles 7 mounted on the metal supports 5 by means of screws 6, and on the facade surface of the building 1 is a foamed polyurethane layer 4. The level of the polyurethane foam layer 4 is lower than the level of the façade plane determined by the mounted vertical profiles 7, with about one-third of the thickness of the profiles 7. The vertical insulation panel 7 is co-monolithic in the polyurethane foam layer 4 and a part of the air layer 9 is formed. The thermal insulation panel is formed by cladding elements 11, for example ceramic tiles, stone or granite tiles, and a frame structure of light metal profiles 10 placed at the back side, up to the level defined by the metal profiles is a foamed polyurethane layer 4 that connects the individual parts of the panel into one. The thermal insulation panels are mounted to the vertical profiles 7 by means of mounting screws 6, mounted in the joints of the lining elements 11. The thermal insulation panels are mounted to the vertical profiles 7 by preliminary application of a sealing compound 12 (silicone, sealing tape, waterproofing). of the two vertical contact surfaces and the lower horizontal contact surface of the frame structure 10 and the upper horizontal joint, between the main thermal insulation layer and the frame structure 10 of the panel sealed with Foam 8. In thus described structure of the façade insulation between the heat insulation panels and the main heat-insulating layer is formed a hermetically sealed air layer 9 which is the third insulating layer. The joints between the individual panels are filled with a sealing mass 12 and a grout 13 to further ensure the airtightness of the air layer 9.

Claims

Claims (2)

A front three-layer thermal insulation comprising a metal structure (5) fastened to the front surface (1) of the building, fixed to the surface (1) by means of dowel nails (3) and spacers (2), such as on the surface (1). 1) a thermal insulation layer is applied, characterized in that three thermal insulation layers are separated, the first thermal insulation layer (4) being a layer of injection molded rigid polyurethane foam, which is arranged up to a level defined in relation to vertical profiles (7) mounted to the metal surfaces. mounting screws (6), whereby the level of the first thermal insulation layer (4) is lower than the level of the facade plane determined by the mounted vertical profiles (7), by about one third of the thickness of the profiles (7), the second thermal insulation layer being formed by thermal insulation panels mounted to the vertical profiles (7) by means of fixing screws (6), with both vertical contact surfaces and the lower horizontal to 66400 Bl the seal surface of the thermal insulation panels is sealed (12) and the upper horizontal foot between the main thermal insulation layer and the thermal insulation panel is sealed with mounting foam (8) to form a hermetically sealed (airtight) air-tight 9 insulation layer. Facade thermal insulation according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation panel is made up of cladding elements (11), with a lightweight metal profile frame structure (10) at their rear and up to the level defined by them. injection molded solid polyurethane foam connecting the individual parts of the panel in one piece, the joints between the individual panels being filled with a sealing compound (12) and a grouting mixture (13). Attachment: 3 figures