BE624449A - - Google Patents

Description

       

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  THICK ALVEOLE TILES A Body,
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 THEIR JOBS, THEIR MANUFACTURING.
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  The present * invention aims to * improve the quality * of the tiles * known to date and to generalize their use all the plan elements * of the construction * and of the colors. your known shapes and uses of current tiles *% se
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 characterized by a full structure * of their Material in thickness
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 this being relatively small, and their * edges according to the slope had along the horizontal do not overlap and / ta. s '## limping respoêttvt nt two by two for each tulle, and those which ltntaurta'tart' 1 iwpttaéab ii, ity of the whole 'to the penetrations of' t luf.r or others, which run off on the surface of the roof .



  All the solid tile fors * c & htt, <tn * <foMtattt and their limps $ are in the public do ai ne, and rd 4if '' <nc 3 # "xyz cient * each other only by de8:; dil j ['s4 de' diijïi | îioB jlt 'Mit "-f. decorativeandof ..d..rt.i ... tiir '' ,, "± t '.' I '' t '

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They all have the known advantages *, conserved in the present invention with nonlimiting exsmple glass, of being in caited earth, excellent material established by * long experience and of being able to expand freely in all directions, had according to some directive, which is of all importance, since they feel subject over large areas to the significant temperature variations that the roofs of buildings undergo.



   On the other hand, they present some drawbacks which are becoming more and more important in modern manufacturing and construction techniques *
The known tiles are successively molded in the press, they cannot be manufactured by continuous spinning under pressure in the die, which is a major impediment to modernization and to the efficiency of their manufacture.



   They cannot be used for low slopes and in particular for flat roofs, floors, horizontal or almost horizontal ceilings.



     - similarly, they can not be used for very steep slopes and in particular for roofs, walls, partitions, vertical or almost vertical.



  - Their thermal and sound insulation powers are very insufficient and they can only be used very rarely without adding additional insulation materials * - The ease of placing tiles and other terracotta products requires the use of a very specialized workforce and relatively high tempo of masonry work.



   Their small dimensions do not allow them to be directly associated with large modules - and consequently with the aesthetics of modern construction.



  - Finally, the hollow moldings and reliefs of the known tiles do not allow their application to be extended to other surfaces of the building which, for functional or aesthetic reasons, must be in the form of a flat surface. United free of relilefa or hollows such as floor and for the partition?

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 walls, terraces and sometimes roofs, çec & as non-limiting examples *
The invention, which is the subject of the present patent, is aimed at beaconing a material which retains all the advantages of the known tiles listed in the penultimate paragraph, while completely or partially eliminating their disadvantages.



   In order to minimize the disadvantages of the tiles
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 known, or to eliminate them present invention recommends the manufacture and use of honeycomb tiles with hollow body, according to the description of Figures 1 to 17, all examples which
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 The following are not limiting on the invention, whether it is a question of the shape, the dimensions or the method of placing the raw materials used and of the manufacturing methods of these materials. The novelty of this tile lies in the fact that 5f * opais * seur of its Matter, are reserved and distributed hollows in form; channels (1) U) (k) completely surrounded by ivgos la- matter! what the tuibe is made of.

   These hollows and channels can, for example, also be cut out or reserved on the surface. and be at okel uncovered as in the case of channels (o) and (g). "Nfct j Mana all cases their longitudinal orientation is parai Ié3! Or Awnsibletsent parallel to the outer% faces of the tile.



   These hollows and / or honeycomb channels and / or cells can most often pull oriented either in the direction of the lines of greatest slope, or in the direction of the horizontal lines of each tile Installation in the construction, In general, some hollows cross the tile right through
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 but they can draw from limited length z, a portion of a tile, for example, if they are only used to lighten the material (k.



  At the convenience of the user * this tile can be, i, a in place and fixed according to any known method, it suffices for this that the covered and / or covering * tiles are of the same thickness and said analogous term, that those of the tiles known from the tomdreuiet that are tiles are retained by rta, lon; where '1

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 , hooked ** and / where nailed, and / where stapled, according to known methods used by roofers.



   At this first stage of use, these hollow-core tiles provide an improvement in the thermal and sound insulation of the roofs, which are the first advantage of the invention.



   However, their use cannot be limited to this.



  It extends to their new method of fixing by supporting elements
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 integrated and by self-supporting grids.



   According to this new method, the rafters and where the battens, and / where all spacers are threaded into the tiles (t) or (t,), either on site at the time of assembly, acts as a prefabrication on the ground, or as a prefabrication in factory*
The prefabricated sets * can comprise a single stringing of tiles in line or a whole surface of tiles already strung on these same elements. '.



   The channels (j) serving for the passage of these spacers will generally be parallel to each other and oriented either in the direction of the rafters, or in the direction of the battens, they cross the tiles (t) or (t,) right through and are aligned in axis and proton
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 management of the channels of the preceding tiles and of the following tiles.



  In the general case, in order to make possible and to facilitate the continuous manufacture of the tiles at the die under pressure, the channels will be oriented in one direction only. However, the foregoing is "not exclusive and tiles can be sorted into several by the channels (114ekt) either on a 1. plan or on the floor plans, in particular, as -exeli- ple, these channels can cross me at a right angle finally if the bzz kings of the channels are formed with the material of the tile, varying they can be doubled and / or reinforced over a certain length-
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 hardness or entirely by all different materials.

   Their 'ends are open 6u partially open, except in the case of certain recesses of illumination (k) of dumite length inside a tile most often all the channels (,) (j "j (1c) always remain open

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 at their end p6 <M 'actUtr the manufacture M <&% dM H <to the die and to ensure the free passage., of the eleitents iVP9Qrt carrier., and / or 4uo-pOrtant. of the quadrl11ale..t / o.po a * urer flow water, and / or to augur the circulation of air
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 and / or any other air conditioning fluid, and / or any duct
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 noconoigre nation with isigo in service and operation of batinenu.

   There 8 * cHoB ofeuam of the channels will have from # 4i to * i <jtfu and a forwe suitable for use, Le. c * aaux, 41640el4iM * nt (il .- ', <' '. will be calculated according to the 8axiMUM flow rate of the * aux * The channels will be calculated * to achieve a 4xirun of ¯08patl- ble lightening with the, stress and corrosion to which 1 tuti (t) au tt) daiv'rd resi ....,. '. '' * ± $ '"",.
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  Lex> aanauc. yt, .xx to receive the if 1, '. '. , harp **! te dtt reporting grid will have a #ction Ïb for and I -1 "" 1 ... 1-- "" "" "", '' '' -, r .. :: rJ..f'lo; ' '' \ '"X dimension * in relation to these elements, for 0 dttt
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 the tiles, settle with sufficient play, without exaggerated effort.
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  It will often be in his interest to increase the number of these 4160001,. s carrier. to possibly reduce the unit section.



  Lots very complete connections, thus ensured between the tiles to the eieontw carriers interest in them, are of a great efficiency | . all) the parts of the construction being made integral Pa $
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 construction and cannot slide or come apart * It is
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 ble tle optionally reinforce links by blocking in place the tiles and integral structural members and by. making them integral with each other using 1 using raçrat # fasteners or by tightening bolts or screws, or by assembling keys or dowels, or elastic or undeformable joint pressure * j Building surface elements are thus produced Defor-% ables that just need to be supported or hung around their perimeter to make a self-supporting roof.



  The deformability of these elements and the impossibility of sliding and / or lifting of the tiles allows them to be used solo on all slopes from 0 * to 90 # degrees. That is to say, that in the

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   present text the hollow tiles, do *, apply
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 not only on roofs of any slope * from 00 to 0009 ate also satin restrictions on 'tdre4gteegt to walls, partitions *, floors, balconies *, to all plan elements of the cost of buildings and works public.

   It will be noted that, in all these new applications, the structural elements integrated into the interior of these tiles no longer recall only the che-
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 vrottà and .tst, wair also constitute, as the case may be, the posts, the posts, the beams, 1 the joists, the column lintels, the spacers or others *.



   The raw materials used for the manufacture of tiles
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 thick honeycombs with hollow bodies, have first and foremost the *% tees than those used to make the tiles, bricks, hollow slabs the hollow shingles of the cominerde # oatêà called * terracotta * or from Mélangea du terre fired * based on clay, fine sand, free from limestone as much as possible. However to improve some lands, these Mixed can be reinforced before forming.
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 - and cooking, pure from loads in more or hands large quantity *, such as):

   Kaolin, plastic, liquid or powder residues; either of a thermosetting type such as polel * torâ or ph6-based resins - or of a thermd-plastic type of the family of vinyl chlorides *, plelïilïeX or polyamides * - Certain fillers may be base called metals, metal salts compound
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 1 ,,, Ïiàé organic waters, as well as certain flour such as fiber * flour of glass, of wood, of plants and of any compound * cellul Ionic or of glass, this non-restrictive enùîiéâtiont being turned by way of exemption .



   It is specified that in certain cases, the adjuvant recommended can * These mixtures can be used in the pure state or almost pure. in all proportions according to the result to be obtained mechanical resistance to various corrosion; aspect, translucency, or other.

   By way of non-limiting example, the * thick hollow-body honeycomb tiles are made of

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 thermosetting plastics and / or thermoplastics according to the techniques of use of these resins, in the pure or almost pure state, or in filled mixtures free or not from terracotta From $, these tiles can be made of glass or glassware products.



   As a variant, these tiles are made without firing in cement or in concrete, reinforced or not, or in mixtures of mortars, or in agglomerated materials and / or, pressed, according to known techniques ..used. for the manufacture of concrete blocks,
As a variant, these tiles are made in a foundry or by machining in all .étaū, or metal alloys, in machined wood, in dressed stone or in cut or agglomerated pumice, or in fiber or in scrap materials, or in agglomerated flour, by a stable binder or AR plastic resin.



   The spacers such as; rafters, battens, beams joists or other posts which are housed in these tiles, are made in any material and for example in one of the raw salt shakers listed above for the manufacture of tiles and as by way of nonlimiting example, in reinforced stick, reinforced cement, all metals or metal alloys, wood, plastic materials, reinforced or not.



   Similarly their shape in length is rectilinear, according to a cylin dre of any section, hand as a special case nor @ tatit, these spacers housed in the channels of the tiles @ in the bars, and / or; in tubes, and / or in pro @@ and / or in cables, ropes, or wires, known commercially, these sections being suitable for the channels (j) of the tiles and the fatigue to which these spacers are subjected .



   In the particular case of tube spacers, these can t contribute to the flow of fluids, such as air, water, water vapor, intended for air conditioning and / or for heating buildings and premises.
The machines used for the manufacture of thick honeycomb tiles with hollow bodies are those used in the industry for the manufacture of hollow bricks or for bodies.

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 in terracotta.

   It will be noted that until the present invention, commercial tiles could not be spun under pressure in continuous manufacture, whereas there is no longer any obstacle to certain forms of honeycombed, thick hollow-body tiles being thus spun. under continuous pressure, such as that shown by way of non-limiting example svr lesfiguresl @@@ This high-yield manufacturing method constitutes a technical progress of the present invention, over the old methods of batch pressing and molding which were the only ones possible manufacturing methods of known tiles. This constitutes a decisive advantage for fabrications in terracotta.



   To obtain certain more complex models, one will proceed by re-spinning and / or stamping during a second manufacturing phase, for example: when the channels are not parallel, where during the drawing the material will have bosses or moldings that are not parallel to the direction of the initial pressure extrusion,
Whenever necessary, the manufacturing operations will be accompanied or supplemented by vibrating industrial devices, which will improve the cohesion of the material and the qualities of impermeability, non-freezing and mechanical resistance of the tiles.



   Below are some non-limiting descriptions of the invention.



   The letters used are found in all the figures of the patent, in which the same letter designates in all the figures parts or details having the same or a similar function.)
The first example is shown in Figures 1-2-3-4-5-6 the letters designating for each tile the following similar parts.

   (t) is the body of the tile seen in yaws according to (Fig-1-) in horizontal section according to Fig-3-. In section, according to the slope in Fig-2- Similarly Fig-4-5-6- represent the detail of the interlocking (and) (n) on a larger scale, (o) is the upper edge horizox tal of the tile (t), this edge is covered by the tile of the row

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  Ftxodtale ll1Ù.Ua .... lMt tri MtMaa 11 0 "io .40 bord 94ub- 1r1 m ua1 n $ Hk # nt & l a .i1 djHMV '' '' '': rs sriats M eau! May have used pliti) âd par41,11 .... i lorwàfou t.r86 m tart.lt.



  (p) $, and the WH tntéokedë Horizontal covered 1 # Wr4 (*) of the 'lui Ai de: ..an,., bor1zonÍ.l 1 ... dlat ... ftt sia des. eu) sst. the left side border * (where it varied * t # right * Ai la taïis tridît # 6 * to # 4: 'barisnta.t, sslan la ysuxs de lie * 0itw #, 6 soi la y.rti.al., . '! 1 is an urtu according to <KtartM <MMM <t 1' * - .. 1 --.- t4le either is not a floor or a torr # * 0ao zizis this border ( 1) has a channel without jilaf9 4. {± nv <M'i <Mtt 'this channel can have its ceiling, .rti.l1 .... t t.ra4 on tmrmà sri t9tal1té.) C' channel () p * r #t liécoi4l * nt ratt .... 1 4 rs ats
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 rather .. or washing which did not seep * between the birrits * # ± # laughing.

   of the tile (3 and (p) and 4 # 8 borde correop dimtlo ma tMJH neighborano (h) is a notch of straight section in <tMt <ttMt practiced * all along tt'm borda superior * (1) and (p ) d teii.aar rrwsat cel1 ..- c dw rwpow or d * but.a, and linitaot 1. 4 bit 4m i.as.ttits ^ sti ans. In variantoicette notched (b) can title suppresses "on <Mht this , tain length or in full. (i) (j) (k) call ..

    jmIjmix # alveolea ', or hollow, and pass through the Macs * 1 * thickness of the tuiletcomle it is described in the patent, According to 4..cr1, t1o. , 11a have for r318,80it to evacuate the water or other liquids infiltrated between the edges of the tiles, and / where, to lighten the trüsa,: and, ess, to improve their thermal or phoAiqU8,80it insulation power .etl or, to serve as passage and / or logewent to the rafters, battens, spacers, posts, joists, olives ... forming all or partially the supporting or self-supporting grid described dam 1 * patent. (#) is the upper end according to the slope of the channel (g) abutting us the lower end (n) of the channel (g) of 1
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 tile placed immediately above. (a) out of junction and
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 upper border to channels' (0) and (g).

   Through a projecting threshold
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 or in a flat variant, as in the case of the figures of the board
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 H-4, the water which flows in the channels (o) and () ae can infiltrate between the tiles at the lower part of them,

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 (n) is the lower end ion the slope of the was3 ruz3 zizi so much on the extract (0) of the-tgile üvaatar, 1 ".e 1 -". 1.t ",, 'to the devoted. This assembly' .) (a) p9fm t l'jli, on8ent ort8Ct channels (k) from one tile to the next.



     In the case of weak * slopes of isitures, the use of a threshold (m) (n) in abrupt relief, can cause a very slight *
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 water retention upstream of the relief threshold (n) To avoid it for each channel (g), the sudden dam (n) will be replaced by the dispe-
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 aitif forming the subject of figures 12,. 14 on plate 111-4.



  On this board the dam (n) is removed, it sat replaced by
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 a counter slope (4f) over the entire length (m) n) all the slow: dw canal (g), Catte against slope or anle) I1i determines the minimum slope angle of the roof or the terrace, this one in front of
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 be equal to or greater than the handle).



   So that the waters which infiltrate the lont of the edges (l) and (p) of the tiles, flow vertically and directly into the channels (o) and (g) without wetting the surfaces and the lower connecting lines of the tiles, as indicated in the Figures. $ - 3- and -6- of plate 1-4, the channels (o) and (g) can be deported *
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 on the side of the main body (é,). From atue the connecting lines of the edges (1) and (p) can be offset respectively on the same sides so that their vertical projection falls fully into the hollow of the channels (a and (g).

   This arrangement can be usefully avoided with that of the interlocking notches (h) of the edges (1), and (p) described above. These arrangements, described by way of non-limiting example, make it possible to improve the impermeability of the construction and have the advantage of eliminating any direct flow of water against the upper outer part of the roof and the lower edges of the tiles.
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  Another tile which is the subject of figures 7-8-9-10- differs from the previous one by the milk that the water which eventually runs off on the surface can also flow through the channels (i) recessed in the mass, these being fed themselves by the overflow .du channel (o) oe each tile. The flow in the channels (i) of a

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   tile, is routed in the channel (o) of the next tile according to the slope.
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 It is also possible to prevent the seepage of water through the thickness of the tiles with the help of a pulling device. Another non-limiting example is reproduced in Figures 11-12-13-14- of Plate 111-4.

   In Fig-13, the device is
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 shown in horizontal section, the tiles (t) and (tf) are not "burned into each other, being U-shaped. The horizontal edges (1) of each tile (t) are extended vertically through
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 a branch of 1tU, which rests on the lower bottom of a tile (t #) The tiles (t) and (t.) are shifted between them according to the slope, by part of their length, so = . that all the surfaces and connecting lines of the lower tiles (t1) are covered by the upper tiles (t) the interior of the "U" of a tile (t1) acts at the same time as a channel of flow (g)
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 and that of a channel (i)

   designed to drain 3 'water through .a.s overlapping tiles (t) and (t,).



   Figure 12 shows the same device seen according to the slope of the roof, in cëupe, however to avoid the vertical pass
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 direct water at the points of crossing (r) of the juxtaposed contour lines of the tiles (t) and (tl). These points are p, 'at {' "". oxboitewents (r) (n) and -t) (11,) represented in the figurez and in Figure 14 of the detail (mtnl) to larger ecbv For example, the limps (, a,) and (an soli - within the interior of the "'U", but any other displaced # of limps, integral or independent of the tiles will remain in the spirit of the invention.

   The same will apply if the tiles (t) and (t,) are not of identical size or shape and if their surfaces
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 are not plane and their contours are not recU lig> 1 & Hi e - last forms being described only by way of example.
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  Still by way of non-iloitatit example, the branches la e of I '"1 of the tiles' (t) and (tt) will be of equal heights, 1 possible even to learn those tied to the auperiokie tile (t). Simplifications facilitate manufacture and allow cro @

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 right angle the channels of the tiles (t) and (t,) without resorting to too complicated manufacturing tools, for example by varying the rafters are engaged in the channels (k) of the tiles (t,) while
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 that the battens are engaged at right angles to the chevrpftatâans the channels (j) of the tiles (t). In another example the * iron <Mt of the tut the thick shell with cracked body%, FIG-15 cut CD a.a 'slope, -
FIG-IG $ section A B along the horizontal.

   FIG-17 top plan view and part S. has been simplified in order to facilitate continuous manufacture by pressure extrusion.
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 tual water is on the outer surface in; tf, st ilexidant in (g) (ï. To avoid shaping perpendicular to the spinning line under pressure, the voids between edges (1) (1,) from one tile to the next are covered by the joint cover piece (1,1, this piece is perforated with holes according to its rib (h) which allows it to be attached by metal or plastic wires or by d other fasteners or clips to the spacers emerging from the channels (j).



    CLAIMS
The present invention has the triple originality of a new construction material known as a thick hollow-body honeycomb tile, namely: originality of shapes and hollows, originality of the internal housings of the load-bearing elements, originality of being suitable for
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 all the planes of the construction, according to all peotes, #roofs, walls, floors, partitions, terrassa, halcoM4 * S '; - ## '\. t The resulting advantages felt 1 - Better behavior of large fabricated elements.



  2 - Possibility of building in standardized elements according to all
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 slopes with as corollary the simplification ic, l.'antxaposa. ge and supplies.
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  3 * - Better behavior to temperature variations gives rise to expansion freedom. <- * #, '4 * - Improvement of resistance to rain and frost thanks to zut 1.'pai, a, seur and hollows, and to the evacuation of infiltrated water in the canals.

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  5 - Improving thermal insulation as well as sound insulation.



  6 - Improvement, simplification and safety of the assembly and the mechanical connections of the materials with the framework, the elements of this being protected inside the honeycombed tiles * and integral with the tiles, 7 - Addition or supplemented substitution of the Materials plastics to raw materials known to further improve all the properties 1-2 -3 -4 -5 -6 of the above summary, asssi well for the manufacture of tiles as for integrated structural members and / where, use for this purpose of * Reinforced plastics and / or use of glass and glassware products.



   - Possible application to the manufacture of these tiles of all the raw materials in the pure state, or mixed, used and currently known in the building industry.



  S - Use of tiles with offset overlapping edges.,. interlocking edges, and / or, with drip edge, with threshold devices projecting discontinuously, or continuous.
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  9 * - Use of eb U tiles with eaboiteaents or eant wiboïta, wtsrty 10 'Possibility of manufacturing these tiles by f sg <under continuous preg m ion.



  It * - Self-supporting surface * realization: thanks to the complete or partial c * '<*, of the structural elements * - with the tiles by their penetration in the interim .tet-c 18 * - Possibility of using the crux and channels for bzzing the heating, heating, electrical instalhtl and miscellaneous elements.