BE505164A - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- BE505164A BE505164A BE505164DA BE505164A BE 505164 A BE505164 A BE 505164A BE 505164D A BE505164D A BE 505164DA BE 505164 A BE505164 A BE 505164A
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- liming
- citric acid
- lye
- deliming
- crude
- Prior art date
Links
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002425 soil liming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical class N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000309466 calf Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002301 combined effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S435/00—Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
- Y10S435/8215—Microorganisms
- Y10S435/911—Microorganisms using fungi
- Y10S435/913—Aspergillus
- Y10S435/917—Aspergillus niger
Description
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AGENT DE DECHAULAGE.
La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé nouveau pour enle- ver la chaux et les autres alcalis, tels que le sulfure de sodium, des cuirs et peaux ayant subi le plamage, et elle se caractérisé par l'emploi d'aci- de citrique brut.
En pratique, on a, jusqu'à présent, en vue d'en enlever la chaux, traité les peaux d'animaux préparées avec de la chaux ou des produits analo- gues, au moyen d'acides inorganiques, tels que l'acide chlorhydrique, l'aci- de sulfurique et l'acide borique, ou au moyen d'acides organiques, tels que l'acide formique, l'acide acétique, l'acide lactique et l'acide butyrique.
Mais ce procédé a pour inconvénient que les peaux planées, sous l'influence des ions d'acide, en particulier en cas d'excès d'agent de déchaulage, gonflent fortement, ce qui compromet notablement la qualité du cuir. On peut diminuer l'effet ainsi entraîné en neutralisant partiellement les acides avec de l'am- moniaque ; toutefois, dans ce cas, on est forcé d'employer une quantité rela- tivement plus forte de l'acide partiellement neutralisé, pour éliminer la. chaux.
On a déjà proposé aussi d'employer;,, comme agents de déchaulage, les sels d'ammonium d'acides inorganiques ou organiques,tels que le sulfate, le lactate, le tartrate et le citrate d'ammonium. Mais une application géné- rale de ces sels ne donne qu'un effet de déchaulage relativement faible, d'une part, et, d'autre part, elle est relativement onéreuse. Le problème se pose donc de trouver, pour ce procédé, un agent approprié qui, tout en ayant un bon effet de déchaulage, n'abîme pas les peaux planées et qui, en même temps, soit d'un prix tel que son emploi puisse être industrielo
On a trouvé que l'acide citrique brut, tel qu'il était produit lors de la fermentation de substances contenant des hydrates de carbone au moyen de microorganismes, était un agent de déchaulage idéal qui résolvait pleinement le problème en question.
En effet, non seulement il est relative-
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
ment peu coûteux mais encore il a un excellent effet de déchaulage, sans, pour cela, provoquer un gonflement des peaux. Ceci repose, selon toute sup- position, sur un effet combiné qui assure le déchaulage et empêche le gonfle- ment. Comme toute neutralisation au moyen d'alcali est superflue, il suffit de quantités relativement faibles d'agent de déchaulage par unité de substan- ce sèche.
Les grands avantages économiques d'une telle solution d'acide citrique brut par rapport aux agents employés jusqu'ici sont évidents, puis- qu'aucuns frais de préparation des composants actifs de déchaulage, tels que ceux de préparation du sel de calcium, de décomposition par l'acide sulfu- rique et de cristallisation et de séparation de l'acide pur, ne sont néces- saires mais que la lessive fermentée peut être employée telle qu'elle se présente
Les propriétés remarquables de la lessive fermentée, en tant qu'agent de déchaulage, sont d'autant plus surprenantes que le citrate de calcium est un sel difficilement soluble.
On aurait donc pu s'attendre à ce qu'il se fût formé, dans la peau, un précipité difficilement soluble, par la transformation chimique de l'acide citrique avec les composés du calcium, précipité qui eût mené aux endommagements du cuir connus en tannage.
Un autre progrès technique marqué par ce procédé nouveau réside dans le fait que l'acide citrique, employé à l'état de lessive brute, peut répondre, en ce qui concerne le prix, à un but pour lequel on employait, jusqu'ici, d'autres produits chimiques, dont les propriétés n'étaient pas sa- tisfaisantes.
La lessive fermentée d'acide citrique peut aussi, selon les néces- sités, être mélangée à d'autres acides organiques, tels que l'acide lactique, l'acide acétique, l'acide tartrique, entre autres. La combinaison avec les lessives mères de cristallisation de la fabrication des acides tartrique et citrique, lessives qui constituent une sorte de produit de déchet, est par- ticulièrement avantageuse. Ces mélanges ont, avant tout, pour avantage d'être relativement très bon marché, tout en donnant un bon rendement.
Même la combinaison avec des agents de déchaulage d'une autre sorte, tels que le sulfate d'ammonium ou des phosphates polymères, est pos- sible. En outre, le nouvel agent peut servir de produit d'addition pour des produits artificiels servant à confire le cuir.
Exemple 1.
A une peau de chèvre trempée pendant une courte durée, dans l'eau, après le plainage, et se trouvant dans un récipient, on ajoute de la lessive de fermentation contenant 15 % d'acide citrique jusqu'à ce que la concentra- tion du bain atteigne environ 1,5 %. Le déchaulage se fait très vite. Les peaux planées sont particulièrement lisses au toucher et le cuir de chevreau obtenu de la manière usuelle a un grain tout particulièrement doux.
Exemple 2.
Une peau de veau ayant subi le plainage de la manière usuelle et ayant été rincée dans l'eau est placée dans une solution qui contient 10 gr. d'acide citrique brut et 3 gr. de sulfate d'ammonium par litre, et elle est soumise au déchaulage jusqu'à ce qu'elle apparaisse, en coupe, exempte de chaux, ce qui demande environ une heure. Elle est ensuite confite et traitée pour donner du box-calf. Le cuir obtenu est d'un grain particulièrement fin et lisse.
REVENDICATIONS.
**ATTENTION** fin du champ DESC peut contenir debut de CLMS **.
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
DECHAULAGE AGENT.
The present invention relates to a novel process for removing lime and other alkalis, such as sodium sulphide, from leathers and skins which have undergone plating, and is characterized by the use of citric acid. gross.
In practice, in order to remove lime, it has hitherto been treated animal skins prepared with lime or the like, by means of inorganic acids, such as acid. hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and boric acid, or by means of organic acids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid and butyric acid.
However, this process has the drawback that the flat skins, under the influence of the acid ions, in particular in the event of an excess of liming agent, swell considerably, which significantly compromises the quality of the leather. The effect thus caused can be reduced by partially neutralizing the acids with ammonia; however, in this case, one is forced to employ a relatively larger amount of the partially neutralized acid to remove the. lime.
It has also already been proposed to use; ,, as liming agents, ammonium salts of inorganic or organic acids, such as ammonium sulfate, lactate, tartrate and citrate. However, a general application of these salts gives only a relatively weak deliming effect, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, it is relatively expensive. The problem therefore arises of finding, for this process, an appropriate agent which, while having a good deliming effect, does not damage the flat skins and which, at the same time, is of such a price that its use can to be industrial
It has been found that crude citric acid, as produced during the fermentation of substances containing carbohydrates by means of microorganisms, is an ideal deliming agent which fully solves the problem in question.
Indeed, not only is it relative-
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
inexpensive but still it has an excellent liming effect, without causing swelling of the skin. This relies, according to any assumption, on a combined effect which ensures deliming and prevents swelling. Since neutralization with alkali is unnecessary, relatively small amounts of liming agent per unit of dry substance are sufficient.
The great economic advantages of such a solution of crude citric acid over the agents employed heretofore are obvious, since no costs for the preparation of the active liming components, such as those for the preparation of the calcium salt, decomposition by sulfuric acid and crystallization and separation of pure acid, are not necessary, but the fermented lye can be employed as it is presented.
The remarkable properties of fermented lye, as a deliming agent, are all the more surprising since calcium citrate is a hardly soluble salt.
We could therefore have expected that a poorly soluble precipitate would have formed in the skin, by the chemical transformation of citric acid with calcium compounds, a precipitate which would have led to damage to the leather known in tanning.
Another technical progress marked by this new process resides in the fact that citric acid, used in the form of raw lye, can meet, as far as the price is concerned, a purpose for which it has hitherto been employed. other chemicals, the properties of which were not satisfactory.
The fermented citric acid lye can also, depending on the need, be mixed with other organic acids, such as lactic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, among others. The combination with the mother liquors for crystallization from the manufacture of tartaric and citric acids, which are a kind of waste product, is particularly advantageous. These mixtures have, above all, the advantage of being relatively very inexpensive, while giving a good yield.
Even the combination with deliming agents of another kind, such as ammonium sulphate or polymer phosphates, is possible. In addition, the new agent can be used as an adduct for artificial products used to preserve leather.
Example 1.
To a goat skin soaked for a short time in water, after plating, and being in a container, fermentation lye containing 15% citric acid is added until the concentration of the bath reaches about 1.5%. The liming is done very quickly. The flat skins are particularly smooth to the touch and the goatskin obtained in the usual way has a particularly soft grain.
Example 2.
A calf skin which has undergone plating in the usual manner and which has been rinsed in water is placed in a solution which contains 10 g. of crude citric acid and 3 gr. of ammonium sulphate per liter, and it is subjected to liming until it appears, in section, free of lime, which takes about an hour. It is then candied and treated to give box-calf. The leather obtained is of a particularly fine and smooth grain.
CLAIMS.
** ATTENTION ** end of DESC field can contain start of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEC793A DE925605C (en) | 1950-04-07 | 1950-04-07 | Decalcifying agent |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BE505164A true BE505164A (en) | 1952-12-19 |
Family
ID=7012418
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BE505164D BE505164A (en) | 1950-04-07 | 1951-08-08 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2639967A (en) |
BE (1) | BE505164A (en) |
DE (1) | DE925605C (en) |
DK (1) | DK80394C (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2714813C3 (en) * | 1977-04-02 | 1979-11-29 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Lime and sulfide-free liming process |
DE2822072A1 (en) * | 1978-05-20 | 1979-11-29 | Henkel Kgaa | USE OF WATER-INSOLUBLE ALUMINUM SILICATES IN THE MANUFACTURING OF LEATHER |
DE2825081C2 (en) * | 1978-06-08 | 1980-06-12 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Process for deliming hides |
CN111842310B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-11-30 | 浙江农林大学 | Biomass gradient deliming pretreatment method |
NL2027083B1 (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-07-07 | Stahl Int B V | Process for deliming of hides, skins or pelts |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE268236C (en) * | ||||
US223200A (en) * | 1879-12-30 | Improvement in processes of tanning | ||
US515033A (en) * | 1894-02-20 | Carl wehmer | ||
US996509A (en) * | 1905-06-14 | 1911-06-27 | Dermiforma Company Of America | Tanning process. |
US873074A (en) * | 1905-09-16 | 1907-12-10 | Nowak Mfg Company | Substance for treating hides and process of making same. |
FR360854A (en) * | 1905-12-22 | 1906-05-05 | Ottokar Henry Nowak | Substance for tanning hides and etching fabrics |
DE461356C (en) * | 1923-12-19 | 1928-06-13 | Montan Und Industrialwerke Vor | Process for the production of fermented citric acid |
FR609316A (en) * | 1925-04-18 | 1926-08-12 | Process of dislodging and preparing hides for tanning | |
US1570383A (en) * | 1925-07-22 | 1926-01-19 | Mccandlish Douglas | Treatment of hides and skins for manufacture into leather |
BE331453A (en) * | 1925-10-26 | |||
GB409599A (en) * | 1933-11-03 | 1934-05-03 | Filippo Perciabosco | A process for the purging of skins and hides in tanning |
US2132579A (en) * | 1935-04-02 | 1938-10-11 | Rohm Otto | Method for producing unhaired hides with the aid of mold tryptases |
-
1950
- 1950-04-07 DE DEC793A patent/DE925605C/en not_active Expired
-
1951
- 1951-08-08 BE BE505164D patent/BE505164A/fr unknown
- 1951-09-19 US US247370A patent/US2639967A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1952
- 1952-11-13 DK DK356452AA patent/DK80394C/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK80394C (en) | 1956-01-09 |
DE925605C (en) | 1955-03-24 |
US2639967A (en) | 1953-05-26 |
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